Fertility & birth rates in Canada and United States

Fertility rate in Canada vs United States by year

Chart Table

Canada

United States

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Canada	United States
2023	1.26	1.62
2022	1.33	1.66
2021	1.44	1.66
2020	1.41	1.64
2019	1.47	1.71
2018	1.51	1.73
2017	1.55	1.77
2016	1.59	1.82
2015	1.6	1.84
2014	1.61	1.86
2013	1.61	1.86
2012	1.63	1.88
2011	1.63	1.89
2010	1.65	1.93
2009	1.69	2
2008	1.7	2.07
2007	1.67	2.12
2006	1.63	2.11
2005	1.58	2.06
2004	1.56	2.05
2003	1.55	2.05
2002	1.52	2.02
2001	1.54	2.03
2000	1.51	2.06
1999	1.55	2.01
1998	1.56	2
1997	1.57	1.97
1996	1.63	1.98
1995	1.67	1.98
1994	1.69	2
1993	1.69	2.02
1992	1.71	2.05
1991	1.72	2.06
1990	1.83	2.08
1989	1.77	2.01
1988	1.68	1.93
1987	1.68	1.87
1986	1.68	1.84
1985	1.67	1.84
1984	1.65	1.81
1983	1.68	1.8
1982	1.69	1.83
1981	1.7	1.81
1980	1.74	1.84
1979	1.75	1.81
1978	1.77	1.76
1977	1.78	1.79
1976	1.8	1.74
1975	1.82	1.77
1974	1.84	1.84
1973	1.89	1.88
1972	1.98	2.01
1971	2.14	2.27
1970	2.26	2.48
1969	2.33	2.46
1968	2.39	2.46
1967	2.53	2.56
1966	2.75	2.72
1965	3.12	2.91
1964	3.46	3.19
1963	3.61	3.32
1962	3.68	3.46
1961	3.75	3.62
1960	3.81	3.65

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Canada was 1.26 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.62 in the United States in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Canada vs the United States population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Canada

United States

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Canada	United States
2023	28,058	502,372
2022	15,574	399,926
2021	57,360	199,137
2020	53,241	208,862
2019	86,523	887,476
2018	88,974	955,022
2017	98,672	1,028,037
2016	115,555	1,197,627
2015	117,825	1,270,126
2014	127,563	1,357,281
2013	129,799	1,322,711
2012	135,382	1,411,822
2011	133,923	1,441,697
2010	139,425	1,548,182
2009	144,609	1,717,920
2008	142,963	1,794,154
2007	134,845	1,897,757
2006	130,285	1,849,955
2005	116,074	1,684,445
2004	111,786	1,698,271
2003	110,749	1,653,615
2002	106,621	1,581,938
2001	114,777	1,595,826
2000	110,469	1,664,758
1999	118,565	1,564,050
1998	126,651	1,573,857
1997	134,577	1,501,014
1996	153,973	1,510,137
1995	167,023	1,546,031
1994	179,804	1,633,302
1993	186,451	1,717,685
1992	204,273	1,875,328
1991	207,477	1,926,543
1990	213,222	2,026,068
1989	207,304	1,875,826
1988	192,901	1,735,943
1987	190,416	1,720,252
1986	190,532	1,656,917
1985	204,153	1,689,258
1984	204,856	1,627,192
1983	202,931	1,636,544
1982	200,935	1,714,317
1981	206,005	1,652,153
1980	203,480	1,608,450
1979	203,293	1,597,894
1978	194,102	1,402,283
1977	199,297	1,431,556
1976	196,979	1,264,604
1975	196,718	1,252,644
1974	182,464	1,218,968
1973	184,432	1,165,499
1972	188,857	1,301,355
1971	208,640	1,640,519
1970	215,372	1,824,965
1969	216,588	1,702,487
1968	211,589	1,565,507
1967	220,450	1,669,181
1966	236,566	1,749,387
1965	269,589	1,943,030
1964	307,268	2,245,099
1963	318,595	2,289,826
1962	325,745	2,406,337
1961	334,360	2,571,681
1960	338,487	2,565,530

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.07% in Canada and +0.15% in the United States.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.22% in Canada and +0.25% in the United States.

Birth rate in Canada vs United States by year

Chart Table

Canada

United States

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Canada	United States
2023	8.8	10.7
2022	9	11
2021	9.7	11
2020	9.5	10.9
2019	9.9	11.4
2018	10.1	11.6
2017	10.3	11.8
2016	10.6	12.2
2015	10.7	12.4
2014	10.9	12.5
2013	10.9	12.4
2012	11	12.6
2011	11	12.7
2010	11.2	13
2009	11.4	13.5
2008	11.5	14
2007	11.3	14.3
2006	11	14.3
2005	10.7	14
2004	10.6	14
2003	10.6	14.1
2002	10.5	14
2001	10.8	14.1
2000	10.7	14.4
1999	11.1	14.2
1998	11.4	14.3
1997	11.7	14.2
1996	12.4	14.4
1995	12.9	14.6
1994	13.3	15
1993	13.6	15.4
1992	14.1	15.8
1991	14.4	16.2
1990	15	16.7
1989	14.9	16.4
1988	14.5	16
1987	14.4	15.7
1986	14.5	15.6
1985	14.9	15.8
1984	15	15.6
1983	15	15.6
1982	15.1	15.9
1981	15.3	15.8
1980	15.4	15.9
1979	15.4	15.6
1978	15.2	15
1977	15.5	15.1
1976	15.6	14.6
1975	15.8	14.6
1974	15.4	14.8
1973	15.6	14.8
1972	15.9	15.6
1971	16.8	17.2
1970	17.4	18.4
1969	17.6	17.9
1968	17.6	17.6
1967	18.2	17.8
1966	19.3	18.4
1965	21.3	19.4
1964	23.4	21.1
1963	24.6	21.7
1962	25.2	22.4
1961	26	23.3
1960	26.7	23.7

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 8.8 in Canada and 10.7 in the United States, compared with 26.7 and 23.7, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Canada

Factual

UN forecast

United States

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Canada	United States
2100	13.4%	14.4%
2099	13.4%	14.4%
2098	13.4%	14.4%
2097	13.4%	14.4%
2096	13.3%	14.4%
2095	13.3%	14.5%
2094	13.3%	14.5%
2093	13.3%	14.5%
2092	13.3%	14.5%
2091	13.3%	14.6%
2090	13.3%	14.6%
2089	13.3%	14.7%
2088	13.3%	14.7%
2087	13.3%	14.7%
2086	13.3%	14.8%
2085	13.3%	14.8%
2084	13.3%	14.8%
2083	13.3%	14.9%
2082	13.3%	14.9%
2081	13.3%	14.9%
2080	13.3%	14.9%
2079	13.3%	14.9%
2078	13.3%	14.9%
2077	13.3%	14.9%
2076	13.2%	14.9%
2075	13.2%	14.9%
2074	13.2%	14.9%
2073	13.2%	14.9%
2072	13.2%	14.9%
2071	13.2%	14.9%
2070	13.2%	14.9%
2069	13.2%	14.9%
2068	13.3%	14.9%
2067	13.3%	14.9%
2066	13.3%	14.9%
2065	13.3%	15%
2064	13.3%	15%
2063	13.3%	15%
2062	13.3%	15.1%
2061	13.3%	15.1%
2060	13.3%	15.2%
2059	13.3%	15.3%
2058	13.4%	15.4%
2057	13.4%	15.5%
2056	13.4%	15.5%
2055	13.4%	15.6%
2054	13.4%	15.7%
2053	13.4%	15.8%
2052	13.4%	15.8%
2051	13.5%	15.9%
2050	13.5%	15.9%
2049	13.5%	16%
2048	13.5%	16%
2047	13.5%	16%
2046	13.5%	16%
2045	13.5%	16%
2044	13.6%	16%
2043	13.6%	16%
2042	13.6%	16%
2041	13.6%	15.9%
2040	13.7%	15.9%
2039	13.7%	15.9%
2038	13.8%	15.9%
2037	13.8%	15.9%
2036	13.9%	15.9%
2035	14%	15.9%
2034	14%	15.9%
2033	14.1%	16%
2032	14.2%	16.1%
2031	14.3%	16.2%
2030	14.4%	16.3%
2029	14.5%	16.5%
2028	14.7%	16.6%
2027	14.8%	16.8%
2026	14.9%	17%
2025	15%	17.2%
2024	15.1%	17.3%
2023	15.3%	17.6%
2022	15.5%	17.9%
2021	15.7%	18.1%
2020	15.9%	18.4%
2019	16%	18.6%
2018	16.1%	18.8%
2017	16.2%	18.9%
2016	16.2%	19.1%
2015	16.2%	19.2%
2014	16.2%	19.3%
2013	16.3%	19.4%
2012	16.3%	19.5%
2011	16.4%	19.6%
2010	16.6%	19.7%
2009	16.7%	19.8%
2008	16.9%	19.9%
2007	17.1%	20%
2006	17.4%	20.2%
2005	17.7%	20.3%
2004	18%	20.5%
2003	18.3%	20.7%
2002	18.6%	20.9%
2001	18.9%	21%
2000	19.2%	21.2%
1999	19.5%	21.3%
1998	19.8%	21.4%
1997	20%	21.5%
1996	20.2%	21.7%
1995	20.4%	21.8%
1994	20.6%	21.9%
1993	20.7%	21.9%
1992	20.7%	21.8%
1991	20.7%	21.7%
1990	20.7%	21.6%
1989	20.8%	21.5%
1988	20.8%	21.3%
1987	20.9%	21.3%
1986	21.1%	21.3%
1985	21.3%	21.5%
1984	21.6%	21.7%
1983	21.8%	21.8%
1982	22%	22%
1981	22.3%	22.1%
1980	22.8%	22.4%
1979	23.4%	22.8%
1978	24%	23.2%
1977	24.7%	23.8%
1976	25.5%	24.4%
1975	26.2%	25.2%
1974	27%	25.9%
1973	27.8%	26.6%
1972	28.6%	27.4%
1971	29.3%	28%
1970	30.2%	28.6%
1969	31%	29%
1968	31.6%	29.5%
1967	32.3%	30%
1966	32.9%	30.4%
1965	33.3%	30.7%
1964	33.7%	30.9%
1963	33.9%	31.1%
1962	33.9%	31.3%
1961	33.9%	31.4%
1960	33.8%	31.3%

Children aged 0-14 make up 15.1% of the population in Canada and 17.3% in the United States in 2024, compared to 20.7% and 21.6% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Canada and the United States compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Canada vs United States

Chart Table

Canada

United States

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Canada	United States
2023	12	17
2022	15	20
2021	14	31
2020	17	22
2019	12	18
2018	13	18
2017	12	18
2016	12	18
2015	11	17
2014	12	17
2013	11	16
2012	11	16
2011	11	15
2010	11	15
2009	12	15
2008	12	14
2007	11	13
2006	11	13
2005	11	13
2004	10	13
2003	10	13
2002	10	13
2001	10	13
2000	9	12
1999	9	12
1998	9	11
1997	8	11
1996	9	11
1995	8	12
1994	8	11
1993	8	12
1992	8	11
1991	8	12
1990	7	12
1989	8	12
1988	7	12
1987	7	11
1986	7	11
1985	7	11

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 12 deaths per 100,000 live births in Canada, compared to 17 deaths in the United States.

U.S. figures are less comparable to other countries, because reporting changes between 2003 and 2018 doubled the number of maternal deaths captured in official records without an actual doubling in mortality, and coding was revised again in 2018.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Canada

United States

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Canada	United States
2023	0.51%	0.65%
2022	0.51%	0.65%
2021	0.51%	0.65%
2020	0.51%	0.65%
2019	0.51%	0.65%
2018	0.52%	0.65%
2017	0.52%	0.66%
2016	0.53%	0.67%
2015	0.54%	0.68%
2014	0.54%	0.68%
2013	0.55%	0.69%
2012	0.56%	0.7%
2011	0.56%	0.72%
2010	0.57%	0.73%
2009	0.58%	0.75%
2008	0.59%	0.76%
2007	0.6%	0.77%
2006	0.6%	0.79%
2005	0.61%	0.8%
2004	0.61%	0.81%
2003	0.62%	0.81%
2002	0.62%	0.82%
2001	0.62%	0.83%
2000	0.62%	0.84%
1999	0.63%	0.86%
1998	0.64%	0.87%
1997	0.65%	0.89%
1996	0.67%	0.92%
1995	0.69%	0.95%
1994	0.72%	0.98%
1993	0.74%	1.01%
1992	0.77%	1.05%
1991	0.8%	1.09%
1990	0.82%	1.12%
1989	0.85%	1.16%
1988	0.88%	1.19%
1987	0.91%	1.21%
1986	0.94%	1.24%
1985	0.98%	1.27%
1984	1.01%	1.3%
1983	1.06%	1.34%
1982	1.12%	1.39%
1981	1.18%	1.44%
1980	1.25%	1.5%
1979	1.33%	1.56%
1978	1.42%	1.63%
1977	1.51%	1.71%
1976	1.6%	1.79%
1975	1.7%	1.88%
1974	1.79%	1.97%
1973	1.89%	2.06%
1972	1.99%	2.15%
1971	2.09%	2.24%
1970	2.19%	2.32%
1969	2.3%	2.41%
1968	2.4%	2.49%
1967	2.5%	2.57%
1966	2.6%	2.64%
1965	2.71%	2.71%
1964	2.82%	2.77%
1963	2.94%	2.83%
1962	3.05%	2.89%
1961	3.15%	2.95%
1960	3.26%	3.01%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.51% in Canada and 0.65% in the United States. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.