Fertility & birth rates in Australia and Japan

Fertility rate in Australia vs Japan by year

Chart Table

Australia

Japan

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Australia	Japan
2023	1.5	1.2
2022	1.63	1.26
2021	1.7	1.3
2020	1.58	1.33
2019	1.66	1.36
2018	1.74	1.42
2017	1.74	1.43
2016	1.75	1.44
2015	1.81	1.45
2014	1.83	1.42
2013	1.86	1.43
2012	1.92	1.41
2011	1.93	1.39
2010	1.93	1.39
2009	1.97	1.37
2008	1.98	1.37
2007	1.96	1.34
2006	1.91	1.32
2005	1.81	1.26
2004	1.77	1.29
2003	1.75	1.29
2002	1.76	1.32
2001	1.74	1.33
2000	1.76	1.36
1999	1.76	1.34
1998	1.76	1.38
1997	1.78	1.39
1996	1.8	1.43
1995	1.82	1.42
1994	1.84	1.5
1993	1.86	1.46
1992	1.89	1.5
1991	1.85	1.53
1990	1.9	1.54
1989	1.84	1.57
1988	1.83	1.66
1987	1.85	1.69
1986	1.87	1.72
1985	1.92	1.76
1984	1.84	1.81
1983	1.92	1.8
1982	1.93	1.77
1981	1.94	1.74
1980	1.89	1.75
1979	1.91	1.77
1978	1.95	1.79
1977	2.01	1.8
1976	2.06	1.85
1975	2.15	1.91
1974	2.4	2.05
1973	2.49	2.14
1972	2.74	2.14
1971	2.96	2.16
1970	2.86	2.13
1969	2.89	2.13
1968	2.89	2.13
1967	2.85	2.23
1966	2.88	1.58
1965	2.98	2.14
1964	3.15	2.05
1963	3.33	2
1962	3.44	1.98
1961	3.54	1.96
1960	3.45	2

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Australia was 1.5 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.2 in Japan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Australia vs Japan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Australia

Japan

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Australia	Japan
2023	103,974	-871,617
2022	111,881	-825,825
2021	138,701	-640,976
2020	133,376	-542,923
2019	136,808	-531,858
2018	157,269	-456,520
2017	150,015	-406,310
2016	152,403	-343,106
2015	150,041	-292,424
2014	154,940	-267,279
2013	159,584	-242,146
2012	161,408	-229,733
2011	156,380	-204,533
2010	158,628	-128,070
2009	160,518	-76,828
2008	155,119	-51,225
2007	154,124	-25,600
2006	132,931	12,785
2005	129,132	-25,554
2004	115,610	76,656
2003	118,325	114,946
2002	116,971	178,423
2001	117,575	203,438
2000	119,882	228,317
1999	118,517	202,610
1998	120,949	265,440
1997	121,592	277,325
1996	125,751	314,392
1995	131,436	276,039
1994	131,761	363,017
1993	137,551	312,073
1992	139,829	360,833
1991	138,273	396,685
1990	143,347	407,478
1989	127,789	467,662
1988	127,298	527,085
1987	128,484	598,138
1986	123,342	631,706
1985	143,674	676,687
1984	123,077	756,523
1983	130,844	775,495
1982	126,030	805,664
1981	125,356	811,861
1980	117,536	864,372
1979	116,112	950,298
1978	116,299	1,011,234
1977	117,793	1,070,397
1976	115,070	1,127,750
1975	123,648	1,204,989
1974	128,996	1,332,960
1973	136,476	1,391,449
1972	155,488	1,372,006
1971	165,593	1,331,782
1970	145,081	1,230,496
1969	143,477	1,195,962
1968	132,099	1,191,930
1967	126,249	1,258,475
1966	126,996	682,072
1965	122,990	1,126,448
1964	128,420	1,046,553
1963	140,161	987,770
1962	143,943	901,864
1961	150,955	893,522
1960	141,816	894,874

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +0.39% in Australia and -0.7% in Japan.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been +0.56% in Australia and -0.41% in Japan.

Birth rate in Australia vs Japan by year

Chart Table

Australia

Japan

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Australia	Japan
2023	10.8	6
2022	11.6	6.3
2021	12.1	6.6
2020	11.5	6.8
2019	12.1	7
2018	12.6	7.4
2017	12.6	7.6
2016	12.9	7.8
2015	12.9	8
2014	13.2	8
2013	13.3	8.2
2012	13.7	8.2
2011	13.6	8.3
2010	13.7	8.5
2009	13.9	8.5
2008	14	8.7
2007	14.1	8.6
2006	12.9	8.7
2005	12.8	8.4
2004	12.3	8.8
2003	12.6	8.9
2002	12.8	9.2
2001	12.7	9.3
2000	13	9.5
1999	13.1	9.4
1998	13.3	9.6
1997	13.6	9.5
1996	13.9	9.7
1995	14.2	9.6
1994	14.5	10
1993	14.7	9.6
1992	15.1	9.8
1991	14.9	9.9
1990	15.4	10
1989	14.9	10.2
1988	14.9	10.8
1987	15.4	11.1
1986	15	11.4
1985	15.7	11.9
1984	15	12.5
1983	15.8	12.7
1982	15.8	12.8
1981	15.7	13
1980	15.3	13.6
1979	15.3	14.2
1978	15.6	14.9
1977	15.9	15.5
1976	16.2	16.3
1975	16.7	17.1
1974	17.8	18.6
1973	18.5	19.4
1972	20.1	19.3
1971	21.4	19.2
1970	20.6	18.8
1969	20.4	18.5
1968	20.1	18.6
1967	19.4	19.4
1966	19.8	13.7
1965	19.6	18.6
1964	20.5	17.7
1963	21.5	17.3
1962	22.1	17
1961	22.9	16.9
1960	22.4	17.2

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 10.8 in Australia and 6 in Japan, compared with 22.4 and 17.2, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Australia

Factual

UN forecast

Japan

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Australia	Japan
2100	14.8%	11.5%
2099	14.8%	11.5%
2098	14.8%	11.5%
2097	14.9%	11.5%
2096	14.9%	11.6%
2095	14.9%	11.6%
2094	14.9%	11.6%
2093	15%	11.7%
2092	15%	11.7%
2091	15%	11.8%
2090	15%	11.8%
2089	15%	11.8%
2088	15%	11.8%
2087	15%	11.9%
2086	15.1%	11.9%
2085	15.1%	11.8%
2084	15.1%	11.8%
2083	15.1%	11.8%
2082	15%	11.8%
2081	15%	11.7%
2080	15%	11.6%
2079	15%	11.6%
2078	15%	11.5%
2077	15%	11.4%
2076	15%	11.3%
2075	15.1%	11.2%
2074	15.1%	11.1%
2073	15.1%	11.1%
2072	15.1%	11%
2071	15.1%	10.9%
2070	15.1%	10.9%
2069	15.2%	10.8%
2068	15.2%	10.8%
2067	15.2%	10.8%
2066	15.3%	10.8%
2065	15.3%	10.8%
2064	15.4%	10.8%
2063	15.4%	10.8%
2062	15.4%	10.9%
2061	15.5%	10.9%
2060	15.5%	11%
2059	15.6%	11%
2058	15.6%	11.1%
2057	15.6%	11.1%
2056	15.7%	11.2%
2055	15.7%	11.2%
2054	15.7%	11.3%
2053	15.7%	11.3%
2052	15.7%	11.3%
2051	15.7%	11.3%
2050	15.7%	11.2%
2049	15.7%	11.2%
2048	15.7%	11.1%
2047	15.7%	11.1%
2046	15.7%	11%
2045	15.7%	10.9%
2044	15.7%	10.8%
2043	15.7%	10.7%
2042	15.8%	10.6%
2041	15.8%	10.5%
2040	15.9%	10.4%
2039	16%	10.3%
2038	16.1%	10.2%
2037	16.2%	10.1%
2036	16.3%	10.1%
2035	16.3%	10.1%
2034	16.4%	10.1%
2033	16.5%	10.1%
2032	16.7%	10.2%
2031	16.8%	10.3%
2030	17%	10.5%
2029	17.1%	10.6%
2028	17.3%	10.8%
2027	17.4%	11%
2026	17.6%	11.1%
2025	17.8%	11.3%
2024	17.8%	11.4%
2023	18%	11.6%
2022	18.2%	11.9%
2021	18.4%	12%
2020	18.6%	12.2%
2019	18.7%	12.4%
2018	18.8%	12.5%
2017	18.8%	12.6%
2016	18.9%	12.7%
2015	18.9%	12.8%
2014	18.9%	13%
2013	18.9%	13.1%
2012	18.9%	13.2%
2011	19%	13.3%
2010	19.1%	13.4%
2009	19.2%	13.5%
2008	19.3%	13.5%
2007	19.4%	13.6%
2006	19.6%	13.7%
2005	19.8%	13.8%
2004	20%	13.8%
2003	20.2%	13.9%
2002	20.4%	14.1%
2001	20.6%	14.2%
2000	20.8%	14.4%
1999	20.9%	14.6%
1998	21.1%	14.8%
1997	21.2%	15.1%
1996	21.4%	15.3%
1995	21.5%	15.6%
1994	21.7%	16%
1993	21.7%	16.4%
1992	21.8%	16.9%
1991	21.9%	17.4%
1990	22%	18%
1989	22.2%	18.8%
1988	22.4%	19.5%
1987	22.7%	20.3%
1986	23.1%	21%
1985	23.6%	21.7%
1984	24%	22.2%
1983	24.4%	22.6%
1982	24.7%	23.1%
1981	25%	23.3%
1980	25.3%	23.4%
1979	25.6%	23.7%
1978	26.1%	23.8%
1977	26.5%	23.9%
1976	27%	23.9%
1975	27.5%	23.8%
1974	27.9%	23.8%
1973	28.2%	23.6%
1972	28.5%	23.4%
1971	28.7%	23.3%
1970	28.8%	23.3%
1969	28.9%	23.4%
1968	29.1%	23.5%
1967	29.3%	23.8%
1966	29.5%	24.4%
1965	29.6%	25.1%
1964	29.8%	25.8%
1963	29.9%	26.8%
1962	30.1%	28%
1961	30.2%	29.1%
1960	30.2%	29.8%

Children aged 0-14 make up 17.8% of the population in Australia and 11.4% in Japan in 2024, compared to 22% and 18% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Australia and Japan compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Australia vs Japan

Chart Table

Australia

Japan

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Australia	Japan
2023	2	3
2022	4	5
2021	4	4
2020	5	4
2019	5	5
2018	5	5
2017	6	5
2016	6	5
2015	6	5
2014	6	5
2013	6	5
2012	6	6
2011	6	6
2010	5	6
2009	5	6
2008	5	6
2007	5	6
2006	5	7
2005	5	7
2004	5	7
2003	5	8
2002	6	8
2001	6	8
2000	7	9
1999	7	9
1998	7	10
1997	8	10
1996	8	11
1995	9	11
1994	9	11
1993	9	12
1992	9	13
1991	9	13
1990	9	14
1989	9	15
1988	9	16
1987	9	17
1986	8	18
1985	9	19

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 2 deaths per 100,000 live births in Australia, compared to 3 deaths in Japan.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Australia

Japan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Australia	Japan
2023	0.37%	0.24%
2022	0.37%	0.24%
2021	0.37%	0.24%
2020	0.38%	0.24%
2019	0.38%	0.25%
2018	0.38%	0.25%
2017	0.38%	0.26%
2016	0.38%	0.27%
2015	0.39%	0.28%
2014	0.4%	0.29%
2013	0.41%	0.3%
2012	0.43%	0.31%
2011	0.45%	0.33%
2010	0.48%	0.33%
2009	0.5%	0.34%
2008	0.52%	0.34%
2007	0.54%	0.35%
2006	0.56%	0.36%
2005	0.57%	0.37%
2004	0.58%	0.39%
2003	0.59%	0.4%
2002	0.6%	0.41%
2001	0.61%	0.43%
2000	0.62%	0.45%
1999	0.63%	0.47%
1998	0.64%	0.5%
1997	0.66%	0.52%
1996	0.68%	0.55%
1995	0.7%	0.57%
1994	0.73%	0.59%
1993	0.77%	0.6%
1992	0.82%	0.61%
1991	0.87%	0.62%
1990	0.92%	0.63%
1989	0.97%	0.64%
1988	1.02%	0.66%
1987	1.06%	0.68%
1986	1.1%	0.71%
1985	1.13%	0.75%
1984	1.16%	0.79%
1983	1.19%	0.83%
1982	1.22%	0.88%
1981	1.26%	0.93%
1980	1.3%	0.99%
1979	1.36%	1.05%
1978	1.44%	1.11%
1977	1.52%	1.18%
1976	1.62%	1.25%
1975	1.73%	1.33%
1974	1.84%	1.41%
1973	1.94%	1.49%
1972	2.03%	1.57%
1971	2.1%	1.65%
1970	2.15%	1.75%
1969	2.18%	1.85%
1968	2.19%	1.96%
1967	2.2%	2.1%
1966	2.21%	2.26%
1965	2.24%	2.46%
1964	2.27%	2.7%
1963	2.32%	2.98%
1962	2.37%	3.29%
1961	2.43%	3.62%
1960	2.49%	3.97%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.37% in Australia and 0.24% in Japan. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.