Fertility & birth rates in Japan and Luxembourg

Fertility rate in Japan vs Luxembourg by year

Chart Table

Japan

Luxembourg

1x

Year	Fertility rate
	Japan	Luxembourg
2023	1.2	1.25
2022	1.26	1.31
2021	1.3	1.38
2020	1.33	1.36
2019	1.36	1.34
2018	1.42	1.38
2017	1.43	1.39
2016	1.44	1.41
2015	1.45	1.47
2014	1.42	1.5
2013	1.43	1.55
2012	1.41	1.57
2011	1.39	1.52
2010	1.39	1.63
2009	1.37	1.59
2008	1.37	1.61
2007	1.34	1.61
2006	1.32	1.65
2005	1.26	1.63
2004	1.29	1.66
2003	1.29	1.62
2002	1.32	1.63
2001	1.33	1.66
2000	1.36	1.76
1999	1.34	1.74
1998	1.38	1.68
1997	1.39	1.71
1996	1.43	1.77
1995	1.42	1.7
1994	1.5	1.72
1993	1.46	1.7
1992	1.5	1.64
1991	1.53	1.6
1990	1.54	1.6
1989	1.57	1.52
1988	1.66	1.51
1987	1.69	1.4
1986	1.72	1.43
1985	1.76	1.38
1984	1.81	1.42
1983	1.8	1.43
1982	1.77	1.49
1981	1.74	1.55
1980	1.75	1.5
1979	1.77	1.48
1978	1.79	1.48
1977	1.8	1.5
1976	1.85	1.48
1975	1.91	1.55
1974	2.05	1.58
1973	2.14	1.58
1972	2.14	1.75
1971	2.16	1.95
1970	2.13	1.97
1969	2.13	2.02
1968	2.13	2.12
1967	2.23	2.24
1966	1.58	2.34
1965	2.14	2.42
1964	2.05	2.34
1963	2	-
1962	1.98	2.37
1961	1.96	-
1960	2	2.29

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Japan was 1.2 children per woman in 2023, compared to 1.25 in Luxembourg in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Japan vs Luxembourg population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

Natural population change by year

Chart Table

Japan

Luxembourg

1x

Year	Natural population change
	Japan	Luxembourg
2023	-871,617	1,933
2022	-825,825	2,024
2021	-640,976	2,240
2020	-542,923	1,828
2019	-531,858	1,922
2018	-456,520	1,945
2017	-406,310	1,968
2016	-343,106	2,095
2015	-292,424	2,107
2014	-267,279	2,225
2013	-242,146	2,336
2012	-229,733	2,124
2011	-204,533	1,814
2010	-128,070	2,129
2009	-76,828	1,991
2008	-51,225	2,003
2007	-25,600	1,584
2006	12,785	1,748
2005	-25,554	1,721
2004	76,656	1,878
2003	114,946	1,220
2002	178,423	1,607
2001	203,438	1,766
2000	228,317	1,963
1999	202,610	1,808
1998	265,440	1,486
1997	277,325	1,552
1996	314,392	1,781
1995	276,039	1,634
1994	363,017	1,652
1993	312,073	1,470
1992	360,833	1,098
1991	396,685	1,239
1990	407,478	1,145
1989	467,662	679
1988	527,085	747
1987	598,138	222
1986	631,706	331
1985	676,687	74
1984	756,523	146
1983	775,495	37
1982	805,664	183
1981	811,861	329
1980	864,372	37
1979	950,298	72
1978	1,011,234	-145
1977	1,070,397	-36
1976	1,127,750	-578
1975	1,204,989	-395
1974	1,332,960	-390
1973	1,391,449	-421
1972	1,372,006	-35
1971	1,331,782	69
1970	1,230,496	272
1969	1,195,962	303
1968	1,191,930	604
1967	1,258,475	837
1966	682,072	1,168
1965	1,126,448	1,260
1964	1,046,553	1,377
1963	987,770	1,199
1962	901,864	1,091
1961	893,522	1,489
1960	894,874	1,319

The chart above illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes in population resulting from births and deaths.

Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was -0.7% in Japan and +0.29% in Luxembourg.

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change has been -0.41% in Japan and +0.33% in Luxembourg.

Birth rate in Japan vs Luxembourg by year

Chart Table

Japan

Luxembourg

Annual births per 1,000 people

1x

Year	Annual births per 1,000 people
	Japan	Luxembourg
2023	6	9.5
2022	6.3	9.9
2021	6.6	10.5
2020	6.8	10.2
2019	7	10
2018	7.4	10.3
2017	7.6	10.4
2016	7.8	10.4
2015	8	10.7
2014	8	10.9
2013	8.2	11.3
2012	8.2	11.3
2011	8.3	10.9
2010	8.5	11.6
2009	8.5	11.3
2008	8.7	11.5
2007	8.6	11.4
2006	8.7	11.7
2005	8.4	11.5
2004	8.8	11.9
2003	8.9	11.7
2002	9.2	12
2001	9.3	12.4
2000	9.5	13.1
1999	9.4	13
1998	9.6	12.7
1997	9.5	13.1
1996	9.7	13.7
1995	9.6	13.3
1994	10	13.5
1993	9.6	13.5
1992	9.8	13.1
1991	9.9	12.9
1990	10	12.9
1989	10.2	12.4
1988	10.8	12.3
1987	11.1	11.4
1986	11.4	11.7
1985	11.9	11.2
1984	12.5	11.5
1983	12.7	11.4
1982	12.8	11.8
1981	13	12.1
1980	13.6	11.4
1979	14.2	11.2
1978	14.9	11.2
1977	15.5	11.2
1976	16.3	10.9
1975	17.1	11.1
1974	18.6	11.1
1973	19.4	10.8
1972	19.3	11.8
1971	19.2	13
1970	18.8	13
1969	18.5	13.3
1968	18.6	14
1967	19.4	14.8
1966	13.7	15.6
1965	18.6	16
1964	17.7	16
1963	17.3	15.8
1962	17	16
1961	16.9	16.1
1960	17.2	16

The latest reported birth rate per 1,000 people in 2023 was 6 in Japan and 9.5 in Luxembourg, compared with 17.2 and 16, respectively, in 1960.

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Chart Table

Japan

Factual

UN forecast

Luxembourg

Factual

UN forecast

1x

Year	Young
	Japan	Luxembourg
2100	11.5%	12.9%
2099	11.5%	12.9%
2098	11.5%	12.9%
2097	11.5%	12.9%
2096	11.6%	13%
2095	11.6%	13%
2094	11.6%	13%
2093	11.7%	13%
2092	11.7%	13%
2091	11.8%	13%
2090	11.8%	13%
2089	11.8%	13%
2088	11.8%	13%
2087	11.9%	13%
2086	11.9%	13%
2085	11.8%	13%
2084	11.8%	12.9%
2083	11.8%	12.9%
2082	11.8%	12.9%
2081	11.7%	12.9%
2080	11.6%	12.9%
2079	11.6%	13%
2078	11.5%	13%
2077	11.4%	13%
2076	11.3%	13%
2075	11.2%	13.1%
2074	11.1%	13.1%
2073	11.1%	13.1%
2072	11%	13.2%
2071	10.9%	13.2%
2070	10.9%	13.3%
2069	10.8%	13.3%
2068	10.8%	13.3%
2067	10.8%	13.4%
2066	10.8%	13.4%
2065	10.8%	13.4%
2064	10.8%	13.5%
2063	10.8%	13.5%
2062	10.9%	13.5%
2061	10.9%	13.5%
2060	11%	13.5%
2059	11%	13.5%
2058	11.1%	13.5%
2057	11.1%	13.5%
2056	11.2%	13.5%
2055	11.2%	13.5%
2054	11.3%	13.5%
2053	11.3%	13.5%
2052	11.3%	13.5%
2051	11.3%	13.5%
2050	11.2%	13.5%
2049	11.2%	13.5%
2048	11.1%	13.5%
2047	11.1%	13.5%
2046	11%	13.6%
2045	10.9%	13.6%
2044	10.8%	13.7%
2043	10.7%	13.8%
2042	10.6%	14%
2041	10.5%	14.1%
2040	10.4%	14.3%
2039	10.3%	14.4%
2038	10.2%	14.6%
2037	10.1%	14.7%
2036	10.1%	14.8%
2035	10.1%	14.9%
2034	10.1%	15%
2033	10.1%	15.2%
2032	10.2%	15.3%
2031	10.3%	15.4%
2030	10.5%	15.4%
2029	10.6%	15.6%
2028	10.8%	15.6%
2027	11%	15.7%
2026	11.1%	15.7%
2025	11.3%	15.8%
2024	11.4%	15.8%
2023	11.6%	15.8%
2022	11.9%	15.9%
2021	12%	15.9%
2020	12.2%	16%
2019	12.4%	16%
2018	12.5%	16.1%
2017	12.6%	16.2%
2016	12.7%	16.4%
2015	12.8%	16.6%
2014	13%	16.7%
2013	13.1%	16.9%
2012	13.2%	17.1%
2011	13.3%	17.4%
2010	13.4%	17.7%
2009	13.5%	17.8%
2008	13.5%	18%
2007	13.6%	18.2%
2006	13.7%	18.4%
2005	13.8%	18.5%
2004	13.8%	18.7%
2003	13.9%	18.8%
2002	14.1%	18.9%
2001	14.2%	18.9%
2000	14.4%	18.9%
1999	14.6%	18.9%
1998	14.8%	18.8%
1997	15.1%	18.7%
1996	15.3%	18.6%
1995	15.6%	18.4%
1994	16%	18.3%
1993	16.4%	18%
1992	16.9%	17.8%
1991	17.4%	17.6%
1990	18%	17.4%
1989	18.8%	17.2%
1988	19.5%	17%
1987	20.3%	16.9%
1986	21%	17%
1985	21.7%	17.2%
1984	22.2%	17.5%
1983	22.6%	17.8%
1982	23.1%	18.1%
1981	23.3%	18.4%
1980	23.4%	18.8%
1979	23.7%	19.2%
1978	23.8%	19.5%
1977	23.9%	19.9%
1976	23.9%	20.2%
1975	23.8%	20.5%
1974	23.8%	20.9%
1973	23.6%	21.2%
1972	23.4%	21.6%
1971	23.3%	22%
1970	23.3%	22.2%
1969	23.4%	22.4%
1968	23.5%	22.5%
1967	23.8%	22.6%
1966	24.4%	22.5%
1965	25.1%	22.3%
1964	25.8%	22.1%
1963	26.8%	21.9%
1962	28%	21.7%
1961	29.1%	21.5%
1960	29.8%	21.2%

Children aged 0-14 make up 11.4% of the population in Japan and 15.8% in Luxembourg in 2024, compared to 18% and 17.4% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Japan and Luxembourg compared.

Maternal mortality chart: Japan vs Luxembourg

Chart Table

Japan

Luxembourg

1x

Year	Maternal mortality per 100K births
	Japan	Luxembourg
2023	3	11
2022	5	6
2021	4	6
2020	4	6
2019	5	12
2018	5	9
2017	5	15
2016	5	13
2015	5	13
2014	5	13
2013	5	15
2012	6	13
2011	6	13
2010	6	17
2009	6	15
2008	6	13
2007	6	14
2006	7	16
2005	7	17
2004	7	17
2003	8	15
2002	8	17
2001	8	19
2000	9	18
1999	9	21
1998	10	18
1997	10	22
1996	11	23
1995	11	22
1994	11	20
1993	12	20
1992	13	26
1991	13	25
1990	14	24
1989	15	21
1988	16	24
1987	17	23
1986	18	24
1985	19	24

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 3 deaths per 100,000 live births in Japan, compared to 11 deaths in Luxembourg.

Under-five mortality rates

Chart Table

Japan

Luxembourg

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

1x

Year	Under 5 mortality rate
	Japan	Luxembourg
2023	0.24%	0.23%
2022	0.24%	0.24%
2021	0.24%	0.24%
2020	0.24%	0.25%
2019	0.25%	0.25%
2018	0.25%	0.25%
2017	0.26%	0.25%
2016	0.27%	0.25%
2015	0.28%	0.26%
2014	0.29%	0.26%
2013	0.3%	0.26%
2012	0.31%	0.27%
2011	0.33%	0.27%
2010	0.33%	0.28%
2009	0.34%	0.29%
2008	0.34%	0.3%
2007	0.35%	0.31%
2006	0.36%	0.33%
2005	0.37%	0.35%
2004	0.39%	0.37%
2003	0.4%	0.39%
2002	0.41%	0.42%
2001	0.43%	0.44%
2000	0.45%	0.47%
1999	0.47%	0.5%
1998	0.5%	0.53%
1997	0.52%	0.56%
1996	0.55%	0.6%
1995	0.57%	0.64%
1994	0.59%	0.68%
1993	0.6%	0.73%
1992	0.61%	0.78%
1991	0.62%	0.83%
1990	0.63%	0.88%
1989	0.64%	0.93%
1988	0.66%	0.97%
1987	0.68%	1.02%
1986	0.71%	1.07%
1985	0.75%	1.12%
1984	0.79%	1.16%
1983	0.83%	1.21%
1982	0.88%	1.25%
1981	0.93%	1.29%
1980	0.99%	1.34%
1979	1.05%	1.39%
1978	1.11%	1.44%
1977	1.18%	1.51%
1976	1.25%	1.58%
1975	1.33%	1.67%
1974	1.41%	1.77%
1973	1.49%	1.88%
1972	1.57%	1.99%
1971	1.65%	2.11%
1970	1.75%	2.24%
1969	1.85%	2.36%
1968	1.96%	2.48%
1967	2.1%	2.61%
1966	2.26%	2.75%
1965	2.46%	2.89%
1964	2.7%	3.04%
1963	2.98%	3.2%
1962	3.29%	3.36%
1961	3.62%	3.54%
1960	3.97%	3.72%

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 0.24% in Japan and 0.23% in Luxembourg. Above is a chart with historical data on under-five mortality rates.