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Population in Japan compared to Mongolia: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank team

The latest officially reported population of Japan was 123,975,371 in 2024 vs 3,524,788 people in Mongolia in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Japan's population is 122,677,250 people compared to 3,620,317 in Mongolia.

Population statistics:

  • Japan's population is 33.9 times bigger than Mongolia's.
  • Japan is ranked the 12th most populous country in the world, while Mongolia is the 132nd.
  • The countries together account for 1.52% of the world: 1.48% for Japan vs 0.04% for Mongolia.
  • For the last 10 years, Japan has had an average growth rate of -0.25% per year vs +1.79% in Mongolia.
  • Since 2006, the population of Japan has decreased from 128M people to 123M (4.05% decline), while Mongolia has grown from 2.57M to 3.62M (41% growth).

Japan vs Mongolia: population by year and forecast

Japan
Factual

Projection
Mongolia
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
Japan Mongolia
2100 76,978,998 5,629,299
2099 77,363,458 5,623,066
2098 77,742,445 5,615,212
2097 78,118,375 5,606,511
2096 78,498,614 5,597,140
2095 78,875,245 5,585,917
2094 79,250,325 5,574,522
2093 79,628,057 5,562,381
2092 80,007,967 5,549,290
2091 80,383,529 5,535,819
2090 80,760,724 5,521,210
2089 81,140,553 5,505,877
2088 81,521,696 5,490,024
2087 81,908,373 5,474,226
2086 82,304,497 5,458,465
2085 82,709,534 5,441,196
2084 83,123,058 5,423,740
2083 83,544,006 5,405,563
2082 83,980,325 5,387,443
2081 84,429,305 5,368,417
2080 84,899,768 5,348,645
2079 85,387,247 5,328,073
2078 85,897,934 5,306,120
2077 86,434,291 5,285,225
2076 86,993,007 5,263,067
2075 87,577,777 5,240,553
2074 88,190,392 5,217,755
2073 88,834,763 5,194,484
2072 89,499,356 5,171,399
2071 90,184,464 5,147,939
2070 90,899,136 5,123,730
2069 91,625,421 5,100,078
2068 92,367,969 5,075,923
2067 93,113,499 5,051,712
2066 93,869,240 5,026,451
2065 94,633,430 5,001,559
2064 95,391,433 4,977,095
2063 96,148,081 4,952,721
2062 96,902,907 4,928,284
2061 97,654,031 4,903,616
2060 98,400,894 4,877,808
2059 99,144,216 4,851,900
2058 99,868,968 4,825,704
2057 100,585,601 4,798,069
2056 101,295,868 4,770,106
2055 101,989,736 4,741,145
2054 102,683,462 4,710,703
2053 103,359,083 4,678,720
2052 104,036,901 4,645,641
2051 104,706,698 4,611,080
2050 105,377,283 4,575,698
2049 106,053,011 4,538,221
2048 106,731,207 4,499,652
2047 107,419,237 4,459,534
2046 108,115,358 4,418,220
2045 108,820,982 4,375,263
2044 109,529,333 4,332,061
2043 110,245,586 4,288,836
2042 110,968,174 4,244,827
2041 111,704,629 4,200,917
2040 112,438,759 4,157,409
2039 113,175,948 4,114,122
2038 113,915,783 4,071,754
2037 114,662,374 4,029,761
2036 115,410,956 3,988,994
2035 116,162,381 3,949,374
2034 116,911,001 3,910,459
2033 117,652,676 3,872,505
2032 118,393,188 3,835,471
2031 119,127,425 3,799,194
2030 119,856,131 3,762,550
2029 120,574,242 3,725,673
2028 121,287,543 3,687,959
2027 121,989,133 3,649,213
2026 122,677,250 3,609,604
2025 123,339,586 3,568,196
2024 123,975,371 3,524,788
2023 124,516,650 3,481,145
2022 125,124,989 3,433,748
2021 125,681,593 3,383,741
2020 126,261,000 3,327,204
2019 126,633,000 3,267,673
2018 126,811,000 3,208,189
2017 126,972,000 3,148,917
2016 127,076,000 3,088,856
2015 127,141,000 3,026,864
2014 127,276,000 2,963,113
2013 127,445,000 2,899,011
2012 127,629,000 2,839,705
2011 127,833,000 2,786,317
2010 128,070,000 2,738,622
2009 128,047,000 2,691,115
2008 128,063,000 2,643,201
2007 128,001,000 2,601,850
2006 127,854,000 2,567,168
2005 127,773,000 2,536,407
2004 127,761,000 2,508,412
2003 127,718,000 2,480,374
2002 127,445,000 2,449,027
2001 127,149,000 2,417,751
2000 126,843,000 2,388,299
1999 126,631,000 2,356,813
1998 126,400,000 2,323,809
1997 126,057,000 2,291,750
1996 125,757,000 2,259,507
1995 125,472,000 2,224,945
1994 125,178,000 2,189,395
1993 124,829,000 2,165,130
1992 124,425,000 2,167,790
1991 123,964,000 2,165,342
1990 123,478,000 2,098,710
1989 123,069,000 2,124,185
1988 122,578,000 2,076,322
1987 122,069,000 2,022,800
1986 121,482,000 1,970,965
1985 120,837,000 1,921,514
1984 120,083,000 1,874,349
1983 119,307,000 1,829,092
1982 118,480,000 1,785,364
1981 117,661,000 1,742,857
1980 116,807,000 1,701,335
1979 115,890,000 1,660,659
1978 114,913,000 1,619,468
1977 113,872,000 1,576,245
1976 112,775,000 1,531,945
1975 111,573,000 1,488,296
1974 110,162,000 1,446,050
1973 108,707,000 1,405,502
1972 107,188,000 1,366,821
1971 105,697,000 1,330,071
1970 103,403,000 1,295,272
1969 102,219,000 1,262,284
1968 101,011,000 1,229,930
1967 99,879,000 1,196,996
1966 98,851,000 1,163,754
1965 97,952,000 1,131,177
1964 96,903,000 1,100,234
1963 95,900,000 1,071,362
1962 94,933,000 1,041,444
1961 94,055,000 1,009,284
1960 93,216,000 977,595

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/japan/mongolia | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of Japan decreased by 778,000 people (a 0.61% decline), while Mongolia gained 521,688 people (a 20.3% growth).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Japan lost 4,398,750 people (a 3.46% decline), while Mongolia's population increased by 531,461 people (a 17.2% growth).

Japan was ranked 10th most populous country in 2006 and is 12th in 2026. Mongolia was ranked 137th in 2006 and ranked 132nd now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Japan's population will shrink by 14.1% to 105,377,283 people with a rank change from 12th to 17th. The population of Mongolia will increase by 26.4% to 4,575,698 people and rank change from 132nd to 130th.

Mongolia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 5.63M people, while Japan's population already peaked in 2010 at 128M people and is projected to decrease to 77M people by 2100.

Population growth rate by year

Japan
Factual

Projection
Mongolia
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
Japan Mongolia
2100 -0.5% 0.11%
2099 -0.49% 0.14%
2098 -0.48% 0.16%
2097 -0.48% 0.17%
2096 -0.48% 0.2%
2095 -0.47% 0.2%
2094 -0.47% 0.22%
2093 -0.47% 0.24%
2092 -0.47% 0.24%
2091 -0.47% 0.26%
2090 -0.47% 0.28%
2089 -0.47% 0.29%
2088 -0.47% 0.29%
2087 -0.48% 0.29%
2086 -0.49% 0.32%
2085 -0.5% 0.32%
2084 -0.5% 0.34%
2083 -0.52% 0.34%
2082 -0.53% 0.35%
2081 -0.55% 0.37%
2080 -0.57% 0.39%
2079 -0.59% 0.41%
2078 -0.62% 0.4%
2077 -0.64% 0.42%
2076 -0.67% 0.43%
2075 -0.69% 0.44%
2074 -0.73% 0.45%
2073 -0.74% 0.45%
2072 -0.76% 0.46%
2071 -0.79% 0.47%
2070 -0.79% 0.46%
2069 -0.8% 0.48%
2068 -0.8% 0.48%
2067 -0.81% 0.5%
2066 -0.81% 0.5%
2065 -0.79% 0.49%
2064 -0.79% 0.49%
2063 -0.78% 0.5%
2062 -0.77% 0.5%
2061 -0.76% 0.53%
2060 -0.75% 0.53%
2059 -0.73% 0.54%
2058 -0.71% 0.58%
2057 -0.7% 0.59%
2056 -0.68% 0.61%
2055 -0.68% 0.65%
2054 -0.65% 0.68%
2053 -0.65% 0.71%
2052 -0.64% 0.75%
2051 -0.64% 0.77%
2050 -0.64% 0.83%
2049 -0.64% 0.86%
2048 -0.64% 0.9%
2047 -0.64% 0.94%
2046 -0.65% 0.98%
2045 -0.65% 1%
2044 -0.65% 1.01%
2043 -0.65% 1.04%
2042 -0.66% 1.05%
2041 -0.65% 1.05%
2040 -0.65% 1.05%
2039 -0.65% 1.04%
2038 -0.65% 1.04%
2037 -0.65% 1.02%
2036 -0.65% 1%
2035 -0.64% 1%
2034 -0.63% 0.98%
2033 -0.63% 0.97%
2032 -0.62% 0.95%
2031 -0.61% 0.97%
2030 -0.6% 0.99%
2029 -0.59% 1.02%
2028 -0.58% 1.06%
2027 -0.56% 1.1%
2026 -0.54% 1.16%
2025 -0.51% 1.23%
2024 -0.43% 1.25%
2023 -0.49% 1.38%
2022 -0.44% 1.48%
2021 -0.46% 1.7%
2020 -0.29% 1.82%
2019 -0.14% 1.85%
2018 -0.13% 1.88%
2017 -0.08% 1.94%
2016 -0.05% 2.05%
2015 -0.11% 2.15%
2014 -0.13% 2.21%
2013 -0.14% 2.09%
2012 -0.16% 1.92%
2011 -0.19% 1.74%
2010 0.02% 1.77%
2009 -0.01% 1.81%
2008 0.05% 1.59%
2007 0.11% 1.35%
2006 0.06% 1.21%
2005 0.009% 1.12%
2004 0.03% 1.13%
2003 0.21% 1.28%
2002 0.23% 1.29%
2001 0.24% 1.23%
2000 0.17% 1.34%
1999 0.18% 1.42%
1998 0.27% 1.4%
1997 0.24% 1.43%
1996 0.23% 1.55%
1995 0.23% 1.62%
1994 0.28% 1.12%
1993 0.32% -0.12%
1992 0.37% 0.11%
1991 0.39% 3.17%
1990 0.33% -1.2%
1989 0.4% 2.31%
1988 0.42% 2.65%
1987 0.48% 2.63%
1986 0.53% 2.57%
1985 0.63% 2.52%
1984 0.65% 2.47%
1983 0.7% 2.45%
1982 0.7% 2.44%
1981 0.73% 2.44%
1980 0.79% 2.45%
1979 0.85% 2.54%
1978 0.91% 2.74%
1977 0.97% 2.89%
1976 1.08% 2.93%
1975 1.28% 2.92%
1974 1.34% 2.88%
1973 1.42% 2.83%
1972 1.41% 2.76%
1971 2.22% 2.69%
1970 1.16% 2.61%
1969 1.2% 2.63%
1968 1.13% 2.75%
1967 1.04% 2.86%
1966 0.92% 2.88%
1965 1.08% 2.81%
1964 1.05% 2.69%
1963 1.02% 2.87%
1962 0.93% 3.19%
1961 0.9% 3.24%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/japan/mongolia | CC BY

In 2024, the population of Japan declined by 0.43%, while Mongolia's population grew by 1.25%.

Live population counters

Japan Mongolia
Current population
122677250
3620317
Population rank 12/197 132/197
Percent of world population 1.48% 0.04%
One net population change
58.3 seconds
12 minutes
One birth every
42.2 seconds
7.95 minutes
One death every
19.5 seconds
27.5 minutes
Daily growth/decline -1,483 +120
Annual growth/decline -541,279 +43,643
Annual growth/decline rate -0.43% +1.25%
Population growth rate rank 185/197 86/197
One migration net change every
3.75 minutes
4.63 days
Annual migration change +140,579 +79
Net migration rank 10/196 74/196
Foreign-born residents 3,409,529 22,589
Foreign-born residents rank 19/195 169/195
Foreign-born share of population 2.8% 0.6%
Foreign-born share rank 120/195 171/195

Natural population change vs migration

Japan
Natural

Migration
Mongolia
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
Japan Mongolia
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - 140,579 - 79
2024 - 153,357 - 83
2023 -871,617 175,003 46,995 0
2022 -825,825 175,003 47,730 0
2021 -640,976 -34,996 52,109 0
2020 -542,923 42,001 60,888 0
2019 -531,858 318,190 61,433 8,660
2018 -456,520 320,601 60,635 7,811
2017 -406,310 322,564 57,940 6,831
2016 -343,106 314,732 62,086 5,633
2015 -292,424 168,896 64,473 4,307
2014 -267,279 58,109 66,078 2,921
2013 -242,146 66,449 62,618 1,505
2012 -229,733 67,904 55,942 351
2011 -204,533 97,720 50,711 -505
2010 -128,070 131,860 44,914 -6,444
2009 -76,828 125,450 48,876 -15,007
2008 -51,225 142,605 45,843 -17,277
2007 -25,600 138,024 39,636 -15,220
2006 12,785 130,065 33,609 -11,934
2005 -25,554 113,017 29,290 -8,924
2004 76,656 69,014 28,418 -8,148
2003 114,946 74,875 28,827 -7,986
2002 178,423 60,864 30,439 -8,934
2001 203,438 59,563 32,052 -10,244
2000 228,317 23,468 32,753 -11,241
1999 202,610 56,901 32,283 -13,481
1998 265,440 45,912 31,757 -10,315
1997 277,325 43,366 32,403 -9,132
1996 314,392 25,030 33,741 -8,626
1995 276,039 87,714 34,473 -7,346
1994 363,017 154,214 34,711 -5,449
1993 312,073 168,836 36,924 -5,429
1992 360,833 170,878 42,437 -8,404
1991 396,685 161,331 47,884 -11,427
1990 407,478 124,582 49,443 -11,881
1989 467,662 31,202 51,420 -9,757
1988 527,085 51,154 51,588 2,459
1987 598,138 28,001 51,140 1,855
1986 631,706 27,987 50,329 354
1985 676,687 -141,323 49,944 -1,719
1984 756,523 -273,686 48,562 -2,452
1983 775,495 -269,755 46,919 -2,522
1982 805,664 -288,550 45,179 -2,132
1981 811,861 -278,525 43,588 -1,615
1980 864,372 -92,314 42,343 -1,268
1979 950,298 -57,692 41,568 -1,296
1978 1,011,234 -47,996 40,276 1,833
1977 1,070,397 -49,082 38,995 5,354
1976 1,127,750 -34,976 37,670 6,577
1975 1,204,989 107 36,490 6,556
1974 1,332,960 -10,145 35,297 6,153
1973 1,391,449 -34,674 33,993 5,647
1972 1,372,006 -73,980 32,727 4,999
1971 1,331,782 -107,778 31,536 4,238
1970 1,230,496 33,731 30,558 3,263
1969 1,195,962 49,447 29,781 2,366
1968 1,191,930 43,593 29,017 3,535
1967 1,258,475 29,632 28,178 5,139
1966 682,072 68,934 27,338 5,837
1965 1,126,448 -50,667 26,364 5,610
1964 1,046,553 -100,696 25,317 4,599
1963 987,770 -100,742 24,142 3,687
1962 901,864 -57,075 22,960 9,049
1961 893,522 -58,882 21,873 10,440
1960 894,874 -150,371 20,726 10,334

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/japan/mongolia | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 73.6% of the population change in Japan is from natural causes (a loss of 5,178,838 people) and 26.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,860,103 people). In Mongolia 94.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 580,367 people) and 5.87% is from migration (a gain of 36,163 people).

As of 2024, 3,409,529 residents or 2.8% of the population were not native-born in Japan, compared to 22,589 people or 0.6% in Mongolia.

Biggest cities by population

Japan
City Population
Tokyo 14.3M
Yokohama 3.76M
Osaka 2.75M
Nagoya 2.33M
Sapporo 1.96M
Fukuoka 1.6M
Kawasaki 1.54M
Kobe 1.52M
Kyoto 1.46M
Saitama 1.33M
Mongolia
City Population
Ulaanbaatar 1.4M
Bulgan 12.3K

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/population/japan/mongolia | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
  5. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)

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