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Economy of Portugal vs Sierra Leone compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank

Portugal has a GDP of $347B compared to $7.46B for Sierra Leone, ranking 46/197 and 160/197 by economy size, respectively.

Portugal has $312B in government debt (89.9% of GDP), compared to $3.38B (45.2% of GDP) in Sierra Leone.

Portugal vs Sierra Leone GDP by year

Portugal
Sierra Leone
1x
Year GDP, current $
Portugal Sierra Leone
2025 $346,639,825,142 $7,464,157,904
2024 $313,656,884,871 $6,971,127,234
2023 $292,323,800,949 $6,415,852,766
2022 $256,898,677,175 $7,121,125,277
2021 $256,055,879,091 $7,166,931,483
2020 $229,618,773,423 $6,688,307,706
2019 $240,115,970,063 $6,523,577,590
2018 $242,092,894,543 $6,390,514,689
2017 $220,862,990,767 $5,749,846,528
2016 $206,305,431,242 $6,084,297,211
2015 $199,038,523,120 $6,788,352,975
2014 $230,078,616,300 $7,686,138,791
2013 $226,677,408,292 $7,502,762,863
2012 $216,536,676,772 $6,141,666,509
2011 $245,426,767,676 $4,861,632,885
2010 $238,443,864,993 $4,262,805,967
2009 $244,667,762,836 $3,953,403,098
2008 $263,416,394,624 $4,157,895,298
2007 $240,496,147,317 $3,632,957,611
2006 $208,756,449,276 $3,263,697,467
2005 $197,253,876,705 $2,545,275,313
2004 $189,382,122,532 $2,237,350,687
2003 $165,226,175,537 $2,142,618,046
2002 $134,795,565,549 $1,933,863,911
2001 $121,604,107,165 $1,681,473,894
2000 $118,605,192,877 $635,866,404
1999 $127,470,385,557 $669,386,624
1998 $123,946,327,916 $672,368,187
1997 $117,016,535,163 $850,232,760
1996 $122,630,089,680 $941,709,423
1995 $118,122,007,430 $870,740,292
1994 $99,688,641,304 $911,853,802
1993 $95,009,751,901 $768,867,883
1992 $107,592,098,307 $679,940,814
1991 $89,233,599,278 $779,981,987
1990 $78,713,860,217 $649,644,098
1989 $60,594,092,182 $932,974,420
1988 $56,347,250,696 $1,055,083,933
1987 $48,182,925,857 $660,106,336
1986 $38,745,901,354 $490,181,457
1985 $27,115,807,742 $856,890,459
1984 $25,217,969,050 $1,087,471,862
1983 $27,239,650,742 $995,104,305
1982 $30,527,754,793 $1,295,361,886
1981 $31,977,276,873 $1,114,830,472
1980 $32,896,519,824 $1,100,685,845
1979 $26,622,819,672 $1,109,374,911
1978 $23,487,614,051 $960,728,339
1977 $21,439,523,311 $691,777,584
1976 $20,332,831,565 $594,895,942
1975 $19,347,607,843 $679,336,344
1974 $17,512,391,476 $648,590,643
1973 $15,090,564,186 $575,230,724
1972 $11,239,117,865 $465,381,340
1971 $9,201,604,240 $419,549,305
1970 $8,108,235,704 $434,410,974
1969 $7,287,555,035 $408,690,163
1968 $6,644,693,214 $329,859,732
1967 $6,002,607,030 $348,795,303
1966 $5,370,108,031 $375,479,850
1965 $4,901,711,248 $359,379,856
1964 $4,429,202,657 $371,847,461
1963 $4,084,251,593 $348,547,279
1962 $3,835,883,663 $342,721,416
1961 $3,573,719,085 $327,834,191
1960 $3,339,150,158 $322,009,962

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/portugal/sierra-leone | CC BY

GDP per capita in Portugal vs Sierra Leone by year

Portugal
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Sierra Leone
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
1x
Year Current $
Portugal Sierra Leone
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
2025 $32,082 - $846 -
2024 $29,328 $51,680 $807 $3,522
2023 $27,635 $49,353 $758 $3,368
2022 $24,621 $45,250 $860 $3,144
2021 $24,711 $38,658 $885 $2,849
2020 $22,299 $35,967 $845 $2,719
2019 $23,343 $37,866 $844 $2,704
2018 $23,541 $34,897 $846 $2,640
2017 $21,442 $32,971 $779 $2,501
2016 $19,980 $31,589 $844 $2,635
2015 $19,216 $29,608 $965 $2,560
2014 $22,121 $28,765 $1,118 $2,762
2013 $21,676 $27,966 $1,117 $2,701
2012 $20,593 $26,476 $938 $2,317
2011 $23,247 $26,803 $761 $2,043
2010 $22,552 $27,292 $685 $1,900
2009 $23,151 $26,472 $653 $1,814
2008 $24,949 $26,666 $705 $1,824
2007 $22,811 $25,738 $632 $1,770
2006 $19,839 $24,677 $580 $1,698
2005 $18,780 $22,725 $463 $1,615
2004 $18,064 $21,476 $418 $1,541
2003 $15,798 $20,850 $414 $1,458
2002 $12,937 $20,357 $389 $1,360
2001 $11,735 $19,529 $358 $1,121
2000 $11,526 $18,883 $143.7 $1,242
1999 $12,475 $17,718 $155 $1,167
1998 $12,199 $16,688 $156.5 $1,180
1997 $11,576 $15,789 $199.9 $1,157
1996 $12,185 $14,922 $224.3 $1,225
1995 $11,781 $14,406 $208.4 $1,187
1994 $9,977 $13,578 $218.5 $1,266
1993 $9,535 $13,202 $185 $1,269
1992 $10,811 $13,182 $163.2 $1,220
1991 $8,959 $12,739 $183.7 $1,445
1990 $7,885 $11,780 $154.8 $1,382
1989 $6,056 - $231.3 -
1988 $5,624 - $268.2 -
1987 $4,804 - $172.4 -
1986 $3,862 - $131.5 -
1985 $2,705 - $235.5 -
1984 $2,523 - $306 -
1983 $2,735 - $285.8 -
1982 $3,080 - $380 -
1981 $3,246 - $334 -
1980 $3,368 - $336 -
1979 $2,756 - $346 -
1978 $2,457 - $305 -
1977 $2,267 - $224.2 -
1976 $2,173 - $196.4 -
1975 $2,128 - $228.4 -
1974 $2,000 - $222.1 -
1973 $1,748 - $200.6 -
1972 $1,302 - $165.4 -
1971 $1,065 - $151.8 -
1970 $934 - $160.2 -
1969 $832 - $153.6 -
1968 $752 - $126.3 -
1967 $676 - $136.1 -
1966 $601 - $149.3 -
1965 $545 - $145.6 -
1964 $490 - $153.4 -
1963 $452 - $146.3 -
1962 $426 - $146.3 -
1961 $400 - $142.3 -
1960 $377 - $142 -

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/portugal/sierra-leone | CC BY

Portugal's GDP per capita is $32,082, ranking 43/197, compared to $846 in Sierra Leone, ranking 186/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Portugal ranks 42nd at $51,680, while Sierra Leone ranks 171st at $3,522.

Economic indicators

Portugal Sierra Leone
Gross domestic product
$347B
2025
$7.46B
2025
GDP rank
46/197
2025
160/197
2025
GDP growth
1.86%
2024-2025
4.61%
2024-2025
GDP per capita
$32,082
2025
$846
2025
GDP per capita rank
43/197
2025
186/197
2025
GDP per capita, PPP
$51,680
2024
$3,522
2024
GDP per capita PPP rank
42/197
2024
171/197
2024
Government debt
$312B
2025
$3.38B
2025
Debt-to-GDP ratio
89.9%
2025
45.2%
2025
Government debt per person
$28,843
2025
$383
2025
Government debt per person rank
26/185
2025
173/185
2025
Average annual personal income after taxes
$16,647
2026
$1,418
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$61.9B
2018
n/a
Number of millionaires
181,000
2026
n/a
Number of billionaires
1
2026
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
26.9%
2023
29.4%
2018
Income share by poorest 10%
2.7%
2023
3.4%
2018
Government expenditure, % of GDP
43.7%
2025
16.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.34%
2024-2025
7.6%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
16.8%
2025
Unemployment rate
6%
2025
1.65%
2018
Population
10788071
9090531

Spending and national debt comparison by year

Portugal
Spending

Debt
Sierra Leone
Spending

Debt
1x
Year % of GDP
Portugal Sierra Leone
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
2025 43.7% 89.9% 16.5% 45.2%
2024 42.5% 93.5% 17.6% 46.7%
2023 41.9% 96.9% 15.4% 49.4%
2022 43.9% 111.2% 16.7% 54%
2021 47.3% 123.9% 16.8% 47.1%
2020 49.1% 134.1% 15.6% 46.4%
2019 42.5% 116.1% 13.3% 45.3%
2018 43.3% 121.1% 13.7% 44.2%
2017 45.5% 126% 15% 44.2%
2016 44.9% 131.2% 14.9% 38.9%
2015 48.2% 131% 13.1% 28.4%
2014 51.7% 132.5% 13.5% 26.8%
2013 50% 130.8% 11.4% 22.3%
2012 48.8% 128.6% 13.5% 24.1%
2011 50% 114% 13.2% 25.8%
2010 51.9% 100.1% 12.5% 28.9%
2009 50.3% 87.8% 11.3% 31.1%
2008 45.5% 75.6% 10.3% 46.1%
2007 44.6% 72.7% 8.1% 26.4%
2006 45.2% 73.7% 9.97% 61.9%
2005 46.7% 72.2% 10.9% 78.9%
2004 46% 67.1% 11.1% 93.2%
2003 45.3% 63.9% 11.7% 99.8%
2002 44.2% 60% 12.6% 99.8%
2001 44.1% 57.4% 12% 113.5%
2000 42.8% 54.2% 10.3% -
1999 42.5% 55.4% - -
1998 42.6% 55.6% - -
1997 42.4% 58.7% - -
1996 43% 63.3% - -
1995 42.6% 62.2% - -
1994 42.8% 60.4% - -
1993 46.5% 57.2% - -
1992 48.2% 58.1% - -
1991 45.9% 63.9% - -
1990 42.2% 60.2% - -
1989 36.2% 55.4% - -
1988 36.2% 56.8% - -
1987 37.5% 57.2% - -
1986 38.9% 59.8% - -
1985 37.5% 59.4% - -
1984 34.6% 51.3% - -
1983 34.7% 46.7% - -
1982 35.8% 43% - -
1981 35.3% 39.3% - -
1980 32.4% 31% - -
1979 30.8% 35.2% - -
1978 31.7% 31.4% - -
1977 35.1% 26.9% - -
1976 38.2% 24.5% - -
1975 31.9% 19.2% - -
1974 25.8% 13.5% - -
1973 25.7% 13.6% - -
1972 22.8% 14.5% - -
1971 15.5% 15.7% - -
1970 15.5% 16.5% - -
1969 14.9% 16.8% - -
1968 14.3% 17.2% - -
1967 14.1% 18.5% - -
1966 14.4% 20.2% - -
1965 13.4% 20.4% - -
1964 13.9% 21.9% - -
1963 14.6% 20.8% - -
1962 14.5% 18.7% - -
1961 14.6% 17.1% - -
1960 14.3% 16.4% - -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/portugal/sierra-leone | CC BY

In 2025, Portugal's government spending was $152B, accounting for 43.7% of its GDP, while Sierra Leone spent $1.23B, or 16.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 89.9% in Portugal and 45.2% in Sierra Leone, ranking 30/185 and 115/185, respectively.

Government deficit by year

Deficit/surplus
Portugal

Sierra Leone
1x
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Portugal Sierra Leone
2025 0.31% -4.2%
2024 0.5% -5.16%
2023 1.26% -4.99%
2022 -0.31% -5.93%
2021 -2.83% -4.35%
2020 -5.75% -3.5%
2019 0.12% -1.95%
2018 -0.43% -3.57%
2017 -3% -5.61%
2016 -1.94% -5.41%
2015 -4.37% -2.86%
2014 -7.32% -2.77%
2013 -5.21% -1.74%
2012 -6.2% -3.41%
2011 -7.73% -2.78%
2010 -11.4% -3.09%
2009 -9.87% -1.51%
2008 -3.81% -2.22%
2007 -2.91% 12.6%
2006 -4.06% -0.93%
2005 -6.05% -1.17%
2004 -5.91% -1.46%
2003 -5.57% -2.78%
2002 -3.7% -3.03%
2001 -4.68% -3.22%
2000 -3.32% -1.94%
1999 -2.93% -
1998 -4.3% -
1997 -3.65% -
1996 -4.63% -
1995 -5.14% -
1994 -7.37% -
1993 -8.06% -
1992 -5.19% -
1991 -7.93% -
1990 -6.82% -
1989 -2.86% -
1988 -3.52% -
1987 -6.79% -
1986 -7.45% -
1985 -8.35% -
1984 -5.23% -
1983 -4.86% -
1982 -7.02% -
1981 -8.34% -
1980 -6.92% -
1979 -6.08% -
1978 -7.15% -
1977 -7.5% -
1976 -10.2% -
1975 -7.1% -
1974 -3.2% -
1973 -5.39% -
1972 -7.72% -
1971 -0.23% -
1970 -0.24% -
1969 -1.53% -
1968 -1.24% -
1967 -0.46% -
1966 -2% -
1965 -0.03% -
1964 -1.93% -
1963 -3.33% -
1962 -1.69% -
1961 -3.17% -
1960 -3.13% -
1959 -1.73% -
1958 -0.52% -
1957 0.08% -
1956 -0.18% -
1955 -0.31% -
1954 -0.58% -
1953 -0.35% -
1952 -0.34% -
1951 0.94% -
1950 -0.83% -
1949 -0.46% -
1948 -2.04% -
1947 -1.65% -
1946 -2.32% -
1945 -2.38% -
1944 -1.44% -
1943 0.03% -
1942 -0.35% -
1941 -0.08% -
1940 -1.74% -
1939 -0.73% -
1938 -0.08% -
1937 -0.09% -
1936 0.08% -
1935 0.75% -
1934 0.6% -
1933 -0.07% -
1932 -0.03% -
1931 0.04% -
1930 0.79% -
1929 1.86% -
1928 0.2% -
1927 -2.27% -
1926 -4.21% -
1925 -1.48% -
1924 -3.16% -
1923 -3.47% -
1922 -10% -
1921 -6.5% -
1920 -5.66% -
1919 -8.83% -
1918 -8.3% -
1917 -5.49% -
1916 - -
1915 - -
1914 - -
1913 -0.34% -
1912 -0.02% -
1911 -0.73% -
1910 -0.19% -
1909 -0.82% -
1908 -0.56% -
1907 -0.69% -
1906 -0.45% -
1905 -0.75% -
1904 -0.26% -
1903 -0.91% -
1902 -0.5% -
1901 -0.69% -
1900 -0.35% -
1899 -0.77% -
1898 -0.5% -
1897 -0.93% -
1896 -1.35% -
1895 -0.2% -
1894 -0.16% -
1893 -0.02% -
1892 -0.8% -
1891 -2.15% -
1890 -2.01% -
1889 -1.95% -
1888 -2.14% -
1887 -0.67% -
1886 -1.43% -
1885 -1.68% -
1884 -1.48% -
1883 -1.1% -
1882 -0.39% -
1881 -1.2% -
1880 -1.63% -

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/portugal/sierra-leone | CC BY

In 2025, Portugal's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $1.07B, equivalent to 0.31% of GDP. This compares to Sierra Leone's deficit of $313M, or 4.2% of GDP.

Over the past 26 years, Portugal recorded a fiscal deficit in 22 of those years, while Sierra Leone ran a deficit in 25 years. On average, Portugal posted an annual deficit equal to 4.01% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.58% of GDP for Sierra Leone.

Inflation comparison by year

Inflation
Portugal

Sierra Leone
1x
Year Consumer prices inflation
Portugal Sierra Leone
2025 2.34% 7.6%
2024 2.42% 28.4%
2023 4.31% 47.7%
2022 7.83% 27.2%
2021 1.27% 11.9%
2020 -0.01% 13.4%
2019 0.34% 14.8%
2018 0.99% 16%
2017 1.37% 18.2%
2016 0.61% 10.9%
2015 0.49% 6.7%
2014 -0.28% 4.6%
2013 0.27% 5.5%
2012 2.77% 6.6%
2011 3.65% 6.8%
2010 1.4% 7.2%
2009 -0.84% 7.5%
2008 2.59% 8.2%
2007 2.45% 17%
2006 3.11% 10.5%
2005 2.28% 13.7%
2004 2.37% 12.9%
2003 3.22% 4%
2002 3.6% 0.1%
2001 4.37% 2.6%
2000 2.85% -0.9%
1999 2.34% 34.1%
1998 2.57% 36%
1997 2.34% 14.6%

Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | World Economic Outlook (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/portugal/sierra-leone | CC BY

Over the past 29 years, Portugal has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.17%, compared with 13.6% in Sierra Leone. In 2025, inflation was 2.34% in Portugal and 7.6% in Sierra Leone.

Top exports between countries

Portugal
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $545K
Chemicals & pharma $260K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $201K
Textiles & consumer goods $136K
Wood & paper products $110K
Metals $103K
Raw materials & minerals $90K
Raw agricultural goods $29K
Animal & marine products $14K
Miscellaneous $2K
Sierra Leone
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $289K
Metals $5K

Balance of trade

Portugal Sierra Leone
Current account balance
$6.51B
2024
-$984M
2024
Current account balance ranking
30/190
2024
115/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+2.08%
2024
-14.1%
2024
Goods imports
$109B
2024
$2.4B
2024
Goods exports
$81.4B
2024
$1.55B
2024
Service imports
$27.9B
2024
$514M
2024
Service exports
$62.7B
2024
$49.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
42.7%
2025
28.2%
2025
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
43.7%
2025
20.9%
2025

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Portugal Sierra Leone
Economic freedom 71.2 49.6
Economic freedom ranking 33/197 165/197
Property rights 88.9 32.9
Government integrity 63.4 35.8
Judicial effectiveness 90.1 42
Tax burden 60.6 88.2
Government spending 44.6 92.4
Fiscal health 82 54.1
Business freedom 83.1 44.8
Labor freedom 54.8 38.2
Monetary freedom 77.7 53.6
Trade freedom 79.4 63.6
Investment freedom 70 30
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom comparison by year

Portugal
Sierra Leone
1x
Year Economic freedom index
Portugal Sierra Leone
2026 71.2 49.6
2025 70.5 48
2024 68.7 44.6
2023 69.5 50.2
2022 70.8 52
2021 67.5 51.7
2020 67 48
2019 65.3 47.5
2018 63.4 51.8
2017 62.6 52.6
2016 65.1 52.3
2015 65.3 51.7
2014 63.5 50.5
2013 63.1 48.3
2012 63 49.1
2011 64 49.6
2010 64.4 47.9
2009 64.9 47.8
2008 63.9 48.3
2007 64 47
2006 62.9 45.2
2005 62.4 44.8
2004 64.9 43.6
2003 64.9 42.2
2002 65.4 -
2001 66 -
2000 65.5 44.2
1999 65.6 47.2
1998 65 47.7
1997 63.6 45
1996 64.5 52.3
1995 62.4 49.8

Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/portugal/sierra-leone | CC BY

The Economic Freedom Index for Portugal is 71.2, ranking 33/197, compared to 49.6 for Sierra Leone, ranking 165/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Other economic metrics

Portugal Sierra Leone
Services, % of GDP
66.6%
2025
41.6%
2025
Industry, % of GDP
18.3%
2025
25.7%
2025
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
1.96%
2025
29.5%
2025
GNI, Atlas method
$323B
2025
$7.34B
2025
GNI per capita, PPP
$52,240
2025
$3,690
2025
Total reserves including gold
$68.8B
2025
$433M
2024
Total reserves ranking
39/177
2025
161/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$6.64B
2024
-$122M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$13.5B
2024
$122M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$6.84B
2024
$0
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI n/a
2.22%
2024
Poverty at national poverty lines
16.4%
2021
56.8%
2018
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21%
2025
23.2%
2025

GDP per capita map

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/economy/portugal/sierra-leone | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1880–1989, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1990–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  6. TradeMap (2018–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.