Skip to content

Economy of Comoros vs DR Congo compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Comoros has a GDP of $1.55B compared to $70.7B for the DR Congo, ranking 183/197 and 87/197 by economy size, respectively.

Comoros has $477M in government debt (32.5% of GDP), compared to $13.7B (16.3% of GDP) in the DR Congo.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Comoros
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
DR Congo
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Comoros DR Congo
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $3,359,404,118 $19,168,015,352
1961 - - $3,086,746,857 $17,088,021,918
1962 - - $3,779,841,429 $20,710,801,757
1963 - - $6,213,185,743 $21,790,660,917
1964 - - $2,881,545,273 $21,258,920,074
1965 - - $4,043,901,818 $21,470,945,657
1966 - - $4,532,660,182 $22,925,706,424
1967 - - $3,384,063,372 $22,699,718,873
1968 - - $3,909,780,539 $23,683,229,244
1969 - - $5,032,434,970 $25,892,599,200
1970 - - $4,877,684,910 $25,829,147,683
1971 - - $5,594,770,359 $27,380,192,668
1972 - - $6,173,712,814 $27,421,573,863
1973 - - $7,870,239,461 $29,652,942,981
1974 - - $9,596,960,180 $30,581,253,827
1975 - - $10,237,343,174 $29,057,808,604
1976 - - $9,648,583,225 $27,515,128,941
1977 - - $12,344,424,764 $27,724,462,281
1978 - - $15,372,608,002 $26,242,508,948
1979 - - $15,068,422,236 $26,355,374,899
1980 $212,218,262 $339,631,220 $14,394,927,495 $26,933,852,428
1981 $196,349,932 $352,757,725 $12,537,821,038 $27,566,939,114
1982 $184,009,014 $375,275,369 $13,651,667,371 $27,440,771,406
1983 $191,621,955 $393,368,903 $11,006,712,650 $27,828,153,788
1984 $184,697,226 $409,537,545 $7,857,729,193 $29,370,132,388
1985 $196,726,096 $418,874,840 $7,195,042,616 $29,507,540,832
1986 $279,197,722 $426,697,798 $8,095,367,168 $30,899,473,397
1987 $337,525,853 $433,686,187 $7,661,625,473 $31,726,232,824
1988 $356,500,033 $445,340,980 $8,861,299,977 $31,875,467,102
1989 $341,476,768 $431,177,995 $9,021,862,775 $31,471,907,548
1990 $429,622,178 $453,130,286 $9,349,764,580 $29,404,734,879
1991 $424,108,770 $428,681,020 $9,625,436,873 $26,928,547,012
1992 $457,388,652 $465,251,719 $8,227,343,907 $24,101,047,269
1993 $452,881,475 $479,237,471 $10,706,259,937 $20,854,865,032
1994 $319,189,184 $453,949,150 $5,820,382,248 $20,041,525,963
1995 $398,461,797 $470,337,651 $5,643,439,376 $20,181,816,410
1996 $396,053,806 $464,262,352 $5,771,456,952 $19,975,321,586
1997 $364,445,601 $482,972,838 $6,090,838,693 $18,853,298,464
1998 $370,106,746 $489,167,041 $6,217,805,821 $18,547,091,854
1999 $382,454,990 $498,580,614 $4,711,259,427 $17,755,104,912
2000 $351,136,580 $552,666,034 $19,088,046,306 $16,528,062,517
2001 $378,512,024 $565,559,219 $7,438,189,100 $16,180,944,606
2002 $425,964,681 $578,708,159 $8,728,038,525 $16,657,920,858
2003 $546,885,223 $590,883,436 $8,937,567,060 $17,587,070,084
2004 $633,706,111 $602,226,388 $10,297,483,481 $18,772,152,630
2005 $653,845,169 $619,314,850 $11,964,484,466 $19,923,852,569
2006 $698,431,794 $635,707,838 $14,451,901,696 $20,983,996,693
2007 $795,673,153 $640,793,770 $16,737,071,816 $22,297,485,300
2008 $915,659,108 $666,198,752 $19,788,515,590 $23,685,703,159
2009 $905,341,173 $709,414,591 $18,648,372,553 $24,361,945,146
2010 $907,979,446 $743,473,998 $21,565,721,045 $26,093,586,500
2011 $1,023,087,476 $787,250,882 $25,839,749,199 $27,887,434,695
2012 $1,015,842,907 $836,931,449 $29,306,235,285 $29,863,789,011
2013 $1,116,223,107 $911,646,575 $32,679,745,048 $32,396,822,645
2014 $1,149,587,624 $947,161,529 $35,909,040,926 $35,464,895,084
2015 $966,029,600 $966,029,600 $37,917,706,497 $37,917,706,497
2016 $1,012,835,493 $992,887,430 $37,134,801,555 $38,827,503,534
2017 $1,077,439,756 $1,048,451,293 $38,019,264,795 $40,274,584,268
2018 $1,188,797,450 $1,091,014,284 $47,568,210,010 $42,619,016,591
2019 $1,195,019,531 $1,130,604,685 $51,775,829,877 $44,487,659,679
2020 $1,225,039,196 $1,175,888,998 $48,716,961,860 $45,259,708,654
2021 $1,299,039,312 $1,207,941,362 $55,328,482,784 $48,065,880,295
2022 $1,279,542,248 $1,241,985,921 $65,801,547,756 $52,355,494,716
2023 $1,430,523,436 $1,280,048,597 $67,006,756,666 $56,862,826,231
2024 $1,546,164,420 $1,323,426,672 $70,749,355,652 $60,658,948,871

Economic indicators

Comoros DR Congo
Gross domestic product
$1.55B
2024
$70.7B
2024
GDP rank
183/197
2024
87/197
2024
GDP growth
8.08%
2023-2024
5.59%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$1,784
2024
$647
2024
GDP per capita rank
158/197
2024
189/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$4,055
2024
$1,710
2024
Government debt
$477M
2024
$13.7B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
32.5%
2025
16.3%
2025
Government debt per person
$550
2024
$125
2024
Government debt per person rank
165/185
2024
183/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,909
2025
$1,758
2025
Income share by richest 10%
33.6%
2014
35.7%
2020
Income share by poorest 10%
1.6%
2014
2.1%
2020
Government expenditure, % of GDP
21.6%
2025
17.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2024-2025
2.89%
2015-2016
Central bank interest rate n/a
25%
2023
Unemployment rate
4.39%
2021
1.47%
2020
Population
895828
115740092

GDP per capita in Comoros vs DR Congo

Comoros' GDP per capita is $1,784, ranking 158/197, compared to $647 in the DR Congo, ranking 189/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Comoros ranks 166th at $4,055, while the DR Congo ranks 191st at $1,710.

Comoros
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
DR Congo
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Comoros DR Congo
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $220.1 -
1961 - - $197.1 -
1962 - - $235.1 -
1963 - - $376 -
1964 - - $169.9 -
1965 - - $232 -
1966 - - $252.8 -
1967 - - $183.3 -
1968 - - $205.6 -
1969 - - $257.1 -
1970 - - $242.2 -
1971 - - $270.3 -
1972 - - $290.5 -
1973 - - $361 -
1974 - - $428 -
1975 - - $445 -
1976 - - $408 -
1977 - - $509 -
1978 - - $615 -
1979 - - $582 -
1980 $628 - $539 -
1981 $565 - $456 -
1982 $515 - $482 -
1983 $522 - $376 -
1984 $489 - $259.8 -
1985 $507 - $230.1 -
1986 $699 - $250.9 -
1987 $822 - $230.1 -
1988 $845 - $257.7 -
1989 $788 - $254.2 -
1990 $966 $1,386 $254.9 $832
1991 $931 $1,323 $253.8 $762
1992 $983 $1,438 $209.7 $674
1993 $956 $1,489 $263.3 $576
1994 $662 $1,415 $136.5 $540
1995 $812 $1,471 $127 $532
1996 $794 $1,454 $127.4 $526
1997 $718 $1,512 $132.3 $497
1998 $716 $1,522 $131.5 $481
1999 $727 $1,546 $96.3 $452
2000 $655 $1,719 $378 $417
2001 $692 $1,762 $142.7 $404
2002 $762 $1,793 $162.4 $410
2003 $960 $1,831 $161.5 $428
2004 $1,091 $1,880 $180.7 $456
2005 $1,103 $1,954 $203.6 $484
2006 $1,155 $2,026 $238.4 $509
2007 $1,290 $2,056 $267.9 $539
2008 $1,455 $2,136 $307 $567
2009 $1,410 $2,244 $280.8 $569
2010 $1,387 $2,333 $315 $597
2011 $1,531 $2,472 $365 $630
2012 $1,490 $2,679 $400 $632
2013 $1,603 $2,833 $431 $712
2014 $1,616 $2,938 $458 $805
2015 $1,329 $2,949 $468 $859
2016 $1,365 $3,139 $442 $914
2017 $1,424 $3,347 $437 $1,003
2018 $1,541 $3,305 $528 $1,069
2019 $1,519 $3,313 $557 $1,167
2020 $1,527 $3,262 $508 $1,136
2021 $1,588 $3,449 $558 $1,314
2022 $1,534 $3,726 $643 $1,484
2023 $1,682 $3,903 $633 $1,616
2024 $1,784 $4,055 $647 $1,710

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Comoros' government spending was $308M, accounting for 21.6% of its GDP, while the DR Congo's spent $12.6B, or 17.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 32.5% in Comoros and 16.3% in the DR Congo, ranking 157/185 and 175/185, respectively.

Comoros
Government spending

Government debt
DR Congo
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Comoros DR Congo
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1984 23.3% 150.3% - -
1985 24.8% 142.9% - -
1986 25.6% 136.8% - -
1987 22.4% 128.9% - -
1988 20.2% 120% - -
1989 19.7% 113.8% - -
1990 20.3% 108.1% - -
1991 19.9% 103.9% - -
1992 20.4% 101% - -
1993 16.3% 95.7% - -
1994 21.8% 87.8% - -
1995 18.4% 77.7% - -
1996 15.5% 75.4% 2.17% -
1997 14.5% 70.9% 2.51% -
1998 13.1% 69.4% 2.78% -
1999 11.5% 64.5% 2.15% -
2000 9.74% 60.7% 2.49% 135%
2001 13% 53% 4.26% 185.4%
2002 14.3% 48.2% 4.17% 136%
2003 12.8% 44.4% 9.19% 114.5%
2004 11.7% 42.4% 8.11% 164.1%
2005 12.8% 39.9% 8.28% 112%
2006 12.5% 38.5% 8.45% 107.5%
2007 13.1% 35.6% 8.78% 85.1%
2008 15.1% 33.2% 10.1% 80.3%
2009 13.7% 31.7% 12.4% 91.6%
2010 13.3% 30.5% 15.4% 31.8%
2011 13.2% 27.7% 13.7% 29.3%
2012 14.9% 25.1% 13.4% 25.1%
2013 14.8% 10.3% 11.9% 23.8%
2014 14.5% 11.8% 12.9% 22.8%
2015 19.1% 14.3% 15.2% 25.5%
2016 18.9% 16.2% 13.9% 33%
2017 18.8% 18.9% 10.4% 23.2%
2018 19.2% 17% 11.7% 19.3%
2019 20.1% 21.2% 13.4% 19.4%
2020 18.8% 24.3% 12.6% 24.9%
2021 20% 26.3% 14.4% 24.7%
2022 18.4% 28.2% 18.2% 22.6%
2023 17.9% 28.7% 17.2% 25.1%
2024 19.9% 30.8% 17.8% 19.3%
2025 21.6% 32.5% 17.4% 16.3%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Comoros' government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$54.2M, equivalent to -3.5% of GDP. This compares to the DR Congo's deficit of -$1.43B, or -2.02% of GDP.

Over the past 29 years, Comoros recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while the DR Congo ran a deficit in 19 years. On average, Comoros posted an annual deficit equal to -0.85% of GDP, compared to deficit of -0.57% of GDP for the DR Congo.

Deficit/surplus
Comoros

DR Congo
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Comoros DR Congo
1984 -5.7% -
1985 -5.02% -
1986 -4.83% -
1987 -3.11% -
1988 -2.69% -
1989 -1.31% -
1990 -1.03% -
1991 -2.26% -
1992 -1.99% -
1993 1.27% -
1994 -3.7% -
1995 -4.13% -
1996 -3.43% -0.56%
1997 -1.3% -1.06%
1998 -2% -1.55%
1999 -0.46% -1.35%
2000 -1.14% -1.85%
2001 -2.13% -1.27%
2002 -2.15% 0.72%
2003 -2.05% -4.24%
2004 -0.98% -1.09%
2005 -1.41% 0.61%
2006 -1.51% 0.99%
2007 -1.18% 0.41%
2008 -1.46% -0.41%
2009 0.36% 0.92%
2010 4.2% -0.97%
2011 0.86% -0.96%
2012 1.96% 1.71%
2013 10.5% 1.76%
2014 -0.33% 4.36%
2015 2.6% 0.66%
2016 -5.52% -0.48%
2017 -0.1% 0.24%
2018 -1.35% -1.17%
2019 -4.3% -2.63%
2020 -0.52% -3.19%
2021 -2.81% -1.4%
2022 -4.17% -0.91%
2023 -1.34% -1.73%
2024 -3.5% -2.02%
2025 -2.4% -2.58%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 21 years, Comoros has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 3.05%, compared with 97% in the DR Congo. In 2016, inflation was 3.3% in Comoros and 2.89% in the DR Congo.

Inflation
Comoros

DR Congo
Year Inflation
Comoros DR Congo Comoros DR Congo
1996 2.4% 492%
1997 1.5% 198.5%
1998 1.2% 29.1%
1999 1.1% 284.9%
2000 5.9% 514%
2001 5.6% 360%
2002 3.6% 31.5%
2003 3.7% 12.9%
2004 4.5% 3.99%
2005 3% 21.3%
2006 3.4% 13.1%
2007 4.5% 16.9%
2008 4.8% 17.3%
2009 4.8% 2.8%
2010 3.9% 7.1%
2011 2.2% 15.3%
2012 5.9% 9.72%
2013 0.4% 0.81%
2014 0% 1.24%
2015 0.9% 0.74%
2016 0.8% 2.89%
2017 0.1% -
2018 1.7% -
2019 3.7% -
2020 0.8% -
2021 0% -
2022 12.4% -
2023 8.5% -
2024 5% -
2025 3.3% -

Balance of trade

Comoros DR Congo
Current account balance
-$24.6M
2023
-$2.72B
2024
Current account balance ranking
77/189
2023
150/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.72%
2023
-3.84%
2024
Goods imports
$299M
2023
$31B
2024
Goods exports
$32.1M
2023
$34.9B
2024
Service imports
$205M
2023
$6.14B
2024
Service exports
$116M
2023
$322M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.5%
2024
50.9%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
9.91%
2024
46.6%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Comoros DR Congo
Economic freedom 51.4 47.3
Economic freedom ranking 153/197 177/197
Property rights 22.9 15.6
Government integrity 16 11.7
Judicial effectiveness 20.9 12
Tax burden 65.3 74.2
Government spending 89.5 92.4
Fiscal health 86.1 97
Business freedom 49.9 32.8
Labor freedom 55.1 54.4
Monetary freedom 71.3 59.4
Trade freedom 64.2 68.2
Investment freedom 45 30
Financial freedom 30 20

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Comoros is 51.4, ranking 153/197, compared to 47.3 for the DR Congo, ranking 177/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Comoros
DR Congo
Year Economic freedom index
Comoros DR Congo
1995 - 41.4
1996 - 39.5
1997 - 39.5
1998 - 40.6
1999 - 34
2000 - 34.8
2001 - -
2002 - -
2003 - -
2004 - -
2005 - -
2006 - -
2007 - -
2008 - -
2009 43.3 42.8
2010 44.9 41.4
2011 43.8 40.7
2012 45.7 41.1
2013 47.5 39.6
2014 51.4 40.6
2015 52.1 45
2016 52.4 46.4
2017 55.8 56.4
2018 56.2 52.1
2019 55.4 50.3
2020 53.7 49.5
2021 55.7 49
2022 50.4 47.6
2023 53.5 47.9
2024 52 47.6
2025 51.4 47.3

More economic indicators

Comoros DR Congo
Services, % of GDP
50.1%
2024
33%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
9.56%
2024
46.6%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
36.6%
2024
17.1%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$1.47B
2024
$70.4B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$4,080
2024
$1,650
2024
Total reserves including gold
$324M
2024
$5.1B
2023
Total reserves ranking
166/177
2024
99/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$5.35M
2023
-$2.92B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$7.1M
2024
$2.92B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$1.1M
1990
$198M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.31%
2023
0.76%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
44.8%
2020
56.2%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
11.7%
2024
33.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Economy comparisons

Economy vs Comoros vs DR Congo
Afghanistan Compare Compare
Albania Compare Compare
Algeria Compare Compare
Andorra Compare Compare
Angola Compare Compare
Antigua Compare Compare
Argentina Compare Compare
Armenia Compare Compare
Australia Compare Compare
Austria Compare Compare
Azerbaijan Compare Compare
Bahamas Compare Compare
Bahrain Compare Compare
Bangladesh Compare Compare
Barbados Compare Compare
Belarus Compare Compare
Belgium Compare Compare
Belize Compare Compare
Benin Compare Compare
Bhutan Compare Compare
Bolivia Compare Compare
Bosnia Compare Compare
Botswana Compare Compare
Brazil Compare Compare
Brunei Compare Compare
Bulgaria Compare Compare
Burkina Faso Compare Compare
Burundi Compare Compare
Cambodia Compare Compare
Cameroon Compare Compare
Canada Compare Compare
Cape Verde Compare Compare
Cayman Islands Compare Compare
CAR Compare Compare
Chad Compare Compare
Chile Compare Compare
China Compare Compare
Colombia Compare Compare
Congo Compare Compare
Costa Rica Compare Compare
Croatia Compare Compare
Cuba Compare Compare
Curacao Compare Compare
Cyprus Compare Compare
Czech Republic Compare Compare
Denmark Compare Compare
Djibouti Compare Compare
Dominica Compare Compare
Dominican Republic Compare Compare
East Timor Compare Compare
Ecuador Compare Compare
Egypt Compare Compare
El Salvador Compare Compare
Equatorial Guinea Compare Compare
Eritrea Compare Compare
Estonia Compare Compare
Eswatini Compare Compare
Ethiopia Compare Compare
Fiji Compare Compare
Finland Compare Compare
France Compare Compare
Gabon Compare Compare
Gambia Compare Compare
Georgia Compare Compare
Germany Compare Compare
Ghana Compare Compare
Greece Compare Compare
Grenada Compare Compare
Guatemala Compare Compare
Guinea Compare Compare
Guinea-Bissau Compare Compare
Guyana Compare Compare
Haiti Compare Compare
Honduras Compare Compare
Hungary Compare Compare
Iceland Compare Compare
India Compare Compare
Indonesia Compare Compare
Iran Compare Compare
Iraq Compare Compare
Ireland Compare Compare
Israel Compare Compare
Italy Compare Compare
Ivory Coast Compare Compare
Jamaica Compare Compare
Japan Compare Compare
Jordan Compare Compare
Kazakhstan Compare Compare
Kenya Compare Compare
Kiribati Compare Compare
Kuwait Compare Compare
Kyrgyzstan Compare Compare
Laos Compare Compare
Latvia Compare Compare
Lebanon Compare Compare
Lesotho Compare Compare
Liberia Compare Compare
Libya Compare Compare
Liechtenstein Compare Compare
Lithuania Compare Compare
Luxembourg Compare Compare
Madagascar Compare Compare
Malawi Compare Compare
Malaysia Compare Compare
Maldives Compare Compare
Mali Compare Compare
Malta Compare Compare
Marshall Islands Compare Compare
Mauritania Compare Compare
Mauritius Compare Compare
Mexico Compare Compare
Moldova Compare Compare
Monaco Compare Compare
Mongolia Compare Compare
Montenegro Compare Compare
Morocco Compare Compare
Mozambique Compare Compare
Myanmar Compare Compare
Namibia Compare Compare
Nauru Compare Compare
Nepal Compare Compare
Netherlands Compare Compare
New Zealand Compare Compare
Nicaragua Compare Compare
Niger Compare Compare
Nigeria Compare Compare
North Korea Compare Compare
North Macedonia Compare Compare
Norway Compare Compare
Oman Compare Compare
Pakistan Compare Compare
Palau Compare Compare
Palestine Compare Compare
Panama Compare Compare
Papua New Guinea Compare Compare
Paraguay Compare Compare
Peru Compare Compare
Philippines Compare Compare
Poland Compare Compare
Portugal Compare Compare
Qatar Compare Compare
Romania Compare Compare
Russia Compare Compare
Rwanda Compare Compare
Saint Kitts Compare Compare
Saint Lucia Compare Compare
Saint Vincent Compare Compare
Samoa Compare Compare
San Marino Compare Compare
Sao Tome Compare Compare
Saudi Arabia Compare Compare
Senegal Compare Compare
Serbia Compare Compare
Seychelles Compare Compare
Sierra Leone Compare Compare
Singapore Compare Compare
Slovakia Compare Compare
Slovenia Compare Compare
Solomon Islands Compare Compare
Somalia Compare Compare
South Africa Compare Compare
South Korea Compare Compare
South Sudan Compare Compare
Spain Compare Compare
Sri Lanka Compare Compare
Sudan Compare Compare
Suriname Compare Compare
Sweden Compare Compare
Switzerland Compare Compare
Syria Compare Compare
Taiwan Compare Compare
Tajikistan Compare Compare
Tanzania Compare Compare
Thailand Compare Compare
Togo Compare Compare
Tonga Compare Compare
Trinidad Compare Compare
Tunisia Compare Compare
Turkey Compare Compare
Turkmenistan Compare Compare
Tuvalu Compare Compare
Uganda Compare Compare
Ukraine Compare Compare
UAE Compare Compare
United Kingdom Compare Compare
United States Compare Compare
Uruguay Compare Compare
Uzbekistan Compare Compare
Vanuatu Compare Compare
Vatican Compare Compare
Venezuela Compare Compare
Vietnam Compare Compare
Yemen Compare Compare
Zambia Compare Compare
Zimbabwe Compare Compare

The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.