Panama has a GDP of $90.5B compared to $335B for Peru, ranking 82/197 and 47/197 by economy size, respectively.
Panama has $51.2B in government debt (56.6% of GDP), compared to $101B (30.2% of GDP) in Peru.
Panama vs Peru GDP by year
| Year | GDP, current $ | |
|---|---|---|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
| 2025 | $90,462,600,000 | $334,854,659,182 |
| 2024 | $86,523,959,100 | $291,751,523,019 |
| 2023 | $83,812,155,200 | $268,025,009,709 |
| 2022 | $76,479,304,500 | $246,169,867,863 |
| 2021 | $67,396,392,500 | $226,406,075,009 |
| 2020 | $57,059,846,500 | $201,409,694,756 |
| 2019 | $69,778,991,200 | $228,346,006,004 |
| 2018 | $67,316,471,200 | $222,597,009,739 |
| 2017 | $64,327,688,800 | $211,007,984,081 |
| 2016 | $59,760,858,700 | $191,898,104,390 |
| 2015 | $55,767,806,100 | $189,802,976,286 |
| 2014 | $51,427,104,900 | $200,786,250,583 |
| 2013 | $46,949,496,500 | $201,175,543,571 |
| 2012 | $41,595,439,700 | $192,650,021,649 |
| 2011 | $35,687,738,300 | $171,761,737,047 |
| 2010 | $30,231,009,500 | $147,527,631,521 |
| 2009 | $27,791,215,500 | $120,822,986,521 |
| 2008 | $25,721,328,000 | $120,550,599,815 |
| 2007 | $21,717,433,800 | $102,170,981,144 |
| 2006 | $18,659,721,500 | $88,643,193,062 |
| 2005 | $16,623,906,700 | $76,060,606,061 |
| 2004 | $15,100,203,400 | $66,768,703,498 |
| 2003 | $13,603,456,000 | $58,731,030,122 |
| 2002 | $12,800,851,300 | $54,777,553,515 |
| 2001 | $12,252,906,300 | $52,030,158,775 |
| 2000 | $11,966,497,000 | $51,744,749,133 |
| 1999 | $11,660,704,800 | $50,187,324,568 |
| 1998 | $11,019,557,700 | $55,501,467,877 |
| 1997 | $10,058,854,400 | $58,147,522,523 |
| 1996 | $9,197,503,300 | $55,252,414,130 |
| 1995 | $9,573,813,700 | $53,312,793,687 |
| 1994 | $9,365,289,800 | $44,882,079,767 |
| 1993 | $8,782,585,400 | $34,832,077,221 |
| 1992 | $8,042,337,700 | $35,966,302,303 |
| 1991 | $7,074,675,500 | $34,341,465,998 |
| 1990 | $6,433,967,000 | $26,410,386,963 |
| 1989 | $5,918,469,800 | $22,499,558,526 |
| 1988 | $5,902,783,400 | $15,439,408,447 |
| 1987 | $6,827,665,300 | $36,889,706,593 |
| 1986 | $6,797,834,200 | $21,859,448,586 |
| 1985 | $6,541,517,100 | $15,078,736,875 |
| 1984 | $6,183,387,100 | $17,600,400,385 |
| 1983 | $5,923,755,900 | $17,345,260,564 |
| 1982 | $5,769,767,900 | $21,794,535,621 |
| 1981 | $5,222,421,500 | $21,648,214,893 |
| 1980 | $4,614,086,400 | $18,136,838,538 |
| 1979 | $3,704,551,600 | $15,954,012,439 |
| 1978 | $3,244,558,600 | $12,491,876,743 |
| 1977 | $2,738,261,900 | $14,544,913,961 |
| 1976 | $2,588,106,000 | $16,131,958,851 |
| 1975 | $2,435,304,100 | $16,931,162,355 |
| 1974 | $2,188,307,600 | $13,858,441,211 |
| 1973 | $1,913,793,400 | $10,994,381,895 |
| 1972 | $1,673,411,700 | $9,189,413,409 |
| 1971 | $1,523,917,200 | $8,289,582,884 |
| 1970 | $1,351,006,400 | $7,432,223,177 |
| 1969 | $1,221,305,700 | $6,420,909,790 |
| 1968 | $1,112,791,100 | $5,736,083,835 |
| 1967 | $1,034,376,400 | $6,194,340,080 |
| 1966 | $928,833,000 | $6,109,048,737 |
| 1965 | $852,485,300 | $5,163,008,077 |
| 1964 | $776,137,500 | $4,353,664,867 |
| 1963 | $722,784,500 | $3,598,272,493 |
| 1962 | $652,120,900 | $3,284,322,201 |
| 1961 | $599,026,300 | $2,897,852,693 |
| 1960 | $537,147,100 | $2,571,986,572 |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/panama/peru | CC BY 
GDP per capita in Panama vs Peru by year
| Year | Current $ | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|||
| GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | GDP per capita | GDP per capita, PPP | |
| 2025 | $19,790 | - | $9,684 | - |
| 2024 | $19,161 | $41,369 | $8,526 | $17,802 |
| 2023 | $18,797 | $39,813 | $7,919 | $17,011 |
| 2022 | $17,379 | $36,333 | $7,354 | $16,669 |
| 2021 | $15,510 | $30,933 | $6,829 | $15,281 |
| 2020 | $13,291 | $27,017 | $6,133 | $12,563 |
| 2019 | $16,478 | $33,240 | $7,037 | $13,564 |
| 2018 | $16,151 | $32,464 | $6,978 | $13,078 |
| 2017 | $15,695 | $33,533 | $6,736 | $12,592 |
| 2016 | $14,832 | $30,277 | $6,217 | $12,067 |
| 2015 | $14,083 | $27,245 | $6,232 | $11,600 |
| 2014 | $13,213 | $24,376 | $6,667 | $11,518 |
| 2013 | $12,273 | $21,924 | $6,747 | $11,291 |
| 2012 | $11,065 | $19,473 | $6,519 | $10,757 |
| 2011 | $9,662 | $17,474 | $5,861 | $10,463 |
| 2010 | $8,331 | $15,573 | $5,072 | $9,713 |
| 2009 | $7,797 | $14,766 | $4,181 | $8,917 |
| 2008 | $7,348 | $14,705 | $4,198 | $8,820 |
| 2007 | $6,318 | $13,333 | $3,581 | $7,982 |
| 2006 | $5,529 | $11,685 | $3,130 | $7,214 |
| 2005 | $5,018 | $10,511 | $2,707 | $6,560 |
| 2004 | $4,645 | $9,592 | $2,397 | $6,038 |
| 2003 | $4,265 | $8,801 | $2,129 | $5,657 |
| 2002 | $4,091 | $8,370 | $2,007 | $5,383 |
| 2001 | $3,992 | $8,197 | $1,930 | $5,086 |
| 2000 | $3,975 | $8,097 | $1,945 | $5,012 |
| 1999 | $3,950 | $7,749 | $1,917 | $4,847 |
| 1998 | $3,808 | $7,408 | $2,156 | $4,791 |
| 1997 | $3,546 | $6,895 | $2,301 | $4,844 |
| 1996 | $3,308 | $6,421 | $2,227 | $4,556 |
| 1995 | $3,514 | $6,182 | $2,190 | $4,435 |
| 1994 | $3,508 | $6,073 | $1,879 | $4,123 |
| 1993 | $3,358 | $5,902 | $1,488 | $3,666 |
| 1992 | $3,140 | $5,582 | $1,567 | $3,472 |
| 1991 | $2,821 | $5,150 | $1,527 | $3,484 |
| 1990 | $2,620 | $4,651 | $1,200 | $3,367 |
| 1989 | $2,462 | - | $1,045 | - |
| 1988 | $2,509 | - | $733 | - |
| 1987 | $2,966 | - | $1,792 | - |
| 1986 | $3,019 | - | $1,087 | - |
| 1985 | $2,972 | - | $767 | - |
| 1984 | $2,875 | - | $918 | - |
| 1983 | $2,819 | - | $927 | - |
| 1982 | $2,811 | - | $1,194 | - |
| 1981 | $2,605 | - | $1,216 | - |
| 1980 | $2,357 | - | $1,045 | - |
| 1979 | $1,938 | - | $942 | - |
| 1978 | $1,738 | - | $756 | - |
| 1977 | $1,503 | - | $903 | - |
| 1976 | $1,457 | - | $1,026 | - |
| 1975 | $1,406 | - | $1,104 | - |
| 1974 | $1,296 | - | $927 | - |
| 1973 | $1,164 | - | $754 | - |
| 1972 | $1,046 | - | $647 | - |
| 1971 | $979 | - | $599 | - |
| 1970 | $893 | - | $550 | - |
| 1969 | $830 | - | $488 | - |
| 1968 | $778 | - | $448 | - |
| 1967 | $745 | - | $498 | - |
| 1966 | $689 | - | $505 | - |
| 1965 | $651 | - | $439 | - |
| 1964 | $611 | - | $381 | - |
| 1963 | $587 | - | $324 | - |
| 1962 | $546 | - | $305 | - |
| 1961 | $516 | - | $276.6 | - |
| 1960 | $477 | - | $252.8 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/panama/peru | CC BY
Panama's GDP per capita is $19,790, ranking 62/197, compared to $9,684 in Peru, ranking 90/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Panama ranks 56th at $41,369, while Peru ranks 104th at $17,802.
Economic indicators
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Gross domestic product |
$90.5B
2025 |
$335B
2025 |
| GDP rank |
82/197
2025 |
47/197
2025 |
| GDP growth |
4.35%
2024-2025 |
3.43%
2024-2025 |
| GDP per capita |
$19,790
2025 |
$9,684
2025 |
| GDP per capita rank |
62/197
2025 |
90/197
2025 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$41,369
2024 |
$17,802
2024 |
| GDP per capita PPP rank |
56/197
2024 |
104/197
2024 |
| Government debt |
$51.2B
2025 |
$101B
2025 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
56.6%
2025 |
30.2%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$11,198
2025 |
$2,927
2025 |
| Government debt per person rank |
56/185
2025 |
107/185
2025 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$11,056
2026 |
$7,143
2026 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies |
$27.2B
2025 |
$105B
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
37.6%
2024 |
30.3%
2024 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
1.2%
2024 |
2%
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
20.9%
2025 |
21.4%
2025 |
| Consumer prices inflation |
-0.19%
2024-2025 |
1.53%
2024-2025 |
| Central bank interest rate | n/a |
4.25%
2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
8.31%
2025 |
4.32%
2025 |
| Population |
4654479
|
35105331
|
Spending and national debt comparison by year
| Year | % of GDP | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|||
| Government spending | Government debt | Government spending | Government debt | |
| 2025 | 20.9% | 56.6% | 21.4% | 30.2% |
| 2024 | 23.1% | 57.8% | 22.2% | 32.1% |
| 2023 | 21.4% | 54.4% | 22.1% | 32.4% |
| 2022 | 21.3% | 56.2% | 23.1% | 33.5% |
| 2021 | 23.7% | 58% | 23.1% | 35.5% |
| 2020 | 27% | 62.4% | 25.7% | 34.3% |
| 2019 | 20.5% | 42.5% | 20.8% | 26.5% |
| 2018 | 21.7% | 36.3% | 21% | 25.7% |
| 2017 | 21.1% | 34.3% | 20.6% | 24.8% |
| 2016 | 21.3% | 34% | 20.5% | 23.9% |
| 2015 | 21.4% | 34.1% | 22% | 23.7% |
| 2014 | 22.9% | 32.9% | 22.4% | 20.5% |
| 2013 | 23.6% | 30.8% | 21.5% | 19.9% |
| 2012 | 23% | 31.3% | 20.3% | 20.7% |
| 2011 | 23.7% | 35.9% | 19.8% | 23.1% |
| 2010 | 24.4% | 38.5% | 21% | 25.1% |
| 2009 | 22.9% | 39.5% | 21.3% | 28.2% |
| 2008 | 23% | 40.6% | 19.9% | 28.1% |
| 2007 | 22.2% | 48.2% | 18.6% | 31.9% |
| 2006 | 22.4% | 56.1% | 19.2% | 34.9% |
| 2005 | 23.2% | 61.5% | 20.4% | 40.4% |
| 2004 | 24.4% | 61.5% | 19.6% | 46.7% |
| 2003 | 25.7% | 59.9% | 20.1% | 49.4% |
| 2002 | 25.1% | 60.9% | 19.6% | 45.5% |
| 2001 | 25.2% | 62.1% | 20.9% | 43.8% |
| 2000 | 24.7% | 58% | 21.7% | 44.9% |
| 1999 | 25.2% | 60.4% | 17.8% | 41.1% |
| 1998 | 25.9% | 64.3% | 16.3% | 36.8% |
| 1997 | 24.8% | 67.3% | 15.6% | 34.5% |
| 1996 | 24.3% | 73.6% | 16.5% | 37.4% |
| 1995 | 29.3% | 86.7% | 17.5% | 36.8% |
| 1994 | 28.5% | 88.7% | 16.9% | 41.9% |
| 1993 | 33.8% | 83.6% | 18.2% | 49.9% |
| 1992 | 27.8% | 91.2% | 19.1% | 46.8% |
| 1991 | 20.9% | 103.7% | 15.7% | 48.3% |
| 1990 | 41.5% | 112.7% | 20.4% | 56.3% |
| 1989 | 43% | 104.4% | 12.1% | 34.9% |
| 1988 | 41.8% | 105% | 12.8% | 42.8% |
| 1987 | 40.1% | 92.2% | 15.5% | 39.1% |
| 1986 | 38.6% | 84% | 16.6% | 48.6% |
| 1985 | 39.7% | 82.5% | 17.2% | 63.4% |
| 1984 | 44% | 82.5% | 18.3% | 56.7% |
| 1983 | 44.6% | 86.6% | 19.4% | 56.2% |
| 1982 | 48% | 80.9% | 17.6% | 34.2% |
| 1981 | 30.7% | 68.7% | 18.4% | 30.6% |
| 1980 | 30.5% | 69.4% | 19.3% | 36.3% |
| 1979 | 35% | 78.9% | 16.4% | 45.9% |
| 1978 | 27.6% | 83.1% | 19% | 56% |
| 1977 | 16.9% | 77.7% | 19.4% | 44.8% |
| 1976 | 15.9% | 69.7% | 21.1% | 34.5% |
| 1975 | 15.3% | 52.6% | 19.8% | 27% |
| 1974 | 15.3% | 37.6% | 17.7% | 24% |
| 1973 | 14.4% | 32.6% | 19.5% | 22.6% |
| 1972 | 15.6% | 29.5% | 15.3% | 20.6% |
| 1971 | 15% | 26.2% | 15% | 19% |
| 1970 | 22.4% | 25.7% | 14.3% | 20% |
| 1969 | 20.5% | 23.2% | 16.4% | - |
| 1968 | 14.2% | 18% | 18.4% | 15.2% |
| 1967 | 14.9% | 17.8% | 19.1% | 12.1% |
| 1966 | 14% | 17.9% | 18.6% | 17% |
| 1965 | 13.2% | 18.7% | 18.7% | 14.5% |
| 1964 | 14.1% | 20% | 16.9% | 14.1% |
| 1963 | 19.1% | 22.6% | 16.2% | - |
| 1962 | 16.4% | 19.8% | 14.6% | - |
| 1961 | 18.9% | 20.5% | 14.8% | 16% |
| 1960 | 16.6% | 21% | 13.3% | - |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1960–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1994–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/panama/peru | CC BY
In 2025, Panama's government spending was $18.9B, accounting for 20.9% of its GDP, while Peru spent $71.7B, or 21.4% of GDP.
Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.6% in Panama and 30.2% in Peru, ranking 84/185 and 154/185, respectively.
Government deficit by year
| Year | Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
| 2025 | -3.67% | -2.36% |
| 2024 | -6.23% | -3.53% |
| 2023 | -3.9% | -2.74% |
| 2022 | -3.98% | -1.38% |
| 2021 | -6.45% | -2.49% |
| 2020 | -9.68% | -8.19% |
| 2019 | -2.74% | -1.37% |
| 2018 | -2.76% | -1.94% |
| 2017 | -1.8% | -2.79% |
| 2016 | -1.76% | -2.12% |
| 2015 | -2.17% | -2.02% |
| 2014 | -3.04% | -0.19% |
| 2013 | -2.4% | 0.75% |
| 2012 | -1.32% | 2.07% |
| 2011 | -1.97% | 2.05% |
| 2010 | -1.69% | -0.02% |
| 2009 | -0.91% | -1.48% |
| 2008 | 0.38% | 2.48% |
| 2007 | 3.17% | 3.35% |
| 2006 | 0.53% | 2.03% |
| 2005 | -2.29% | -0.44% |
| 2004 | -4.54% | -1.03% |
| 2003 | -2.41% | -1.62% |
| 2002 | -1.03% | -1.4% |
| 2001 | -0.45% | -2.15% |
| 2000 | 2.22% | -2.12% |
| 1999 | -0.71% | -2.93% |
| 1998 | -1.23% | -0.2% |
| 1997 | 1.39% | 0.47% |
| 1996 | 2.81% | -0.25% |
| 1995 | 2.61% | -2.05% |
| 1994 | 2.4% | -1.9% |
| 1993 | -9.4% | -2.82% |
| 1992 | -2.62% | -3.55% |
| 1991 | -0.6% | -1.98% |
| 1990 | -3.65% | -7.99% |
| 1989 | -13.6% | -1.3% |
| 1988 | -13.5% | -3.57% |
| 1987 | -1.7% | -6.26% |
| 1986 | -1% | -4.08% |
| 1985 | -2.57% | -2.41% |
| 1984 | -7.56% | -4.45% |
| 1983 | -7.62% | -7.52% |
| 1982 | -13.3% | -3.22% |
| 1981 | -6.77% | -3.98% |
| 1980 | -5.17% | -2.36% |
| 1979 | -12.1% | -0.54% |
| 1978 | -5.21% | -5.07% |
| 1977 | -1.61% | -6.52% |
| 1976 | -2.65% | -8.37% |
| 1975 | -0.74% | -6.54% |
| 1974 | -0.6% | -4.47% |
| 1973 | -0.01% | -6.68% |
| 1972 | -1.17% | -2.04% |
| 1971 | -0.51% | -1.89% |
| 1970 | -8.02% | -0.42% |
| 1969 | -7.56% | -1.1% |
| 1968 | -1.5% | -3.28% |
| 1967 | -1.97% | -3.76% |
| 1966 | -1.18% | -5.41% |
| 1965 | -1.17% | -4.79% |
| 1964 | -2.51% | -3.37% |
| 1963 | -6.71% | -1.86% |
| 1962 | -3.01% | 2.16% |
| 1961 | -5.45% | 2.46% |
| 1960 | -3.05% | 3.32% |
| 1959 | -3.79% | -1.46% |
| 1958 | -1.62% | -2.63% |
| 1957 | -0.89% | -2.23% |
| 1956 | -3.69% | -0.93% |
| 1955 | -1.33% | 0.06% |
| 1954 | -0.2% | -0.66% |
| 1953 | -0.55% | -2.35% |
| 1952 | -3.84% | 0.04% |
| 1951 | -2.54% | 0.61% |
| 1950 | -3.89% | 0.08% |
| 1949 | -1% | 0.26% |
| 1948 | -1.21% | -0.84% |
| 1947 | -1.94% | -0.54% |
| 1946 | -3.19% | -1.39% |
| 1945 | - | 0% |
| 1944 | - | 0% |
| 1943 | - | 0.18% |
| 1942 | - | -2.38% |
| 1941 | - | -1.76% |
| 1940 | - | 0.27% |
| 1939 | - | -1.01% |
| 1938 | - | -1.57% |
| 1937 | - | 0.18% |
| 1936 | - | 0.18% |
| 1935 | - | 0.09% |
| 1934 | - | 0.11% |
| 1933 | - | 0.02% |
| 1932 | - | -0.57% |
| 1931 | - | -0.28% |
| 1930 | - | -0.67% |
| 1929 | - | 0.008% |
| 1928 | - | -1.88% |
| 1927 | - | 0% |
| 1926 | - | -1.84% |
| 1925 | - | -1.69% |
| 1924 | - | -1.31% |
| 1923 | - | -0.85% |
| 1922 | - | -1.24% |
| 1921 | - | -1.53% |
| 1920 | - | -0.4% |
| 1919 | - | -0.26% |
| 1918 | - | -0.34% |
| 1917 | - | -0.25% |
| 1916 | - | 0.27% |
| 1915 | - | -0.74% |
| 1914 | - | -1.59% |
| 1913 | - | -3.04% |
| 1912 | - | -0.45% |
| 1911 | - | 0.32% |
| 1910 | - | 0.16% |
| 1909 | - | -0.33% |
| 1908 | - | -0.18% |
| 1907 | - | 0.18% |
| 1906 | - | 0.38% |
| 1905 | - | 0.2% |
| 1904 | - | 0.22% |
| 1903 | - | 0.24% |
| 1902 | - | 0.26% |
| 1901 | - | 0.26% |
| 1900 | - | 0% |
Data sources: International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08); International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1994–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/panama/peru | CC BY
In 2025, Panama's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was $3.32B, equivalent to 3.67% of GDP. This compares to Peru's deficit of $7.9B, or 2.36% of GDP.
Over the past 66 years, Panama recorded a fiscal deficit in 58 of those years, while Peru ran a deficit in 56 years. On average, Panama posted an annual deficit equal to 3.17% of GDP, compared to deficit of 2.26% of GDP for Peru.
Inflation comparison by year
| Year | Consumer prices inflation | |
|---|---|---|
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
| 2025 | -0.19% | 1.53% |
| 2024 | 0.69% | 2.01% |
| 2023 | 1.49% | 6.46% |
| 2022 | 2.86% | 8.33% |
| 2021 | 1.63% | 4.27% |
| 2020 | -1.55% | 2% |
| 2019 | -0.36% | 2.25% |
| 2018 | 0.76% | 1.51% |
| 2017 | 0.88% | 2.99% |
| 2016 | 0.74% | 3.56% |
| 2015 | 0.14% | 3.4% |
| 2014 | 2.63% | 3.41% |
| 2013 | 4.03% | 2.77% |
| 2012 | 5.7% | 3.61% |
| 2011 | 5.88% | 3.37% |
| 2010 | 3.49% | 1.53% |
| 2009 | 2.41% | 2.94% |
| 2008 | 8.76% | 5.79% |
| 2007 | 4.17% | 1.78% |
| 2006 | 2.46% | 2% |
| 2005 | 2.86% | 1.62% |
| 2004 | 0.47% | 3.66% |
| 2003 | 0.39% | 2.26% |
| 2002 | 1.01% | 0.19% |
| 2001 | 0.31% | 1.98% |
| 2000 | 1.5% | 3.76% |
| 1999 | 1.25% | 3.47% |
| 1998 | 0.56% | 7.25% |
| 1997 | 1.32% | 8.56% |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1997–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/panama/peru | CC BY
Over the past 29 years, Panama has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 1.94%, compared with 3.39% in Peru. In 2025, inflation was -0.19% in Panama and 1.53% in Peru.
Top exports between countries
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Machinery & equipment | $220M |
| Chemicals & pharma | $76.7M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $29.3M |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $12.2M |
| Raw materials & minerals | $6.45M |
| Precious metals & jewellery | $5.8M |
| Animal & marine products | $4.12M |
| Metals | $2.14M |
| Wood & paper products | $1.09M |
| Raw agricultural goods | $146K |
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|
| Export category | Export value |
| Raw materials & minerals | $202M |
| Raw agricultural goods | $48.9M |
| Processed food, beverages & tobacco | $32.2M |
| Chemicals & pharma | $24.9M |
| Textiles & consumer goods | $13.6M |
| Machinery & equipment | $13.4M |
| Wood & paper products | $10.2M |
| Metals | $8.08M |
| Animal & marine products | $5.74M |
| Miscellaneous | $718K |
Balance of trade
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
|
Current account balance
|
-$169M
2025 |
$12B
2025 |
| Current account balance ranking |
91/190
2025 |
23/190
2025 |
| Current account balance, % of GDP |
-0.19%
2025 |
+3.58%
2025 |
| Goods imports |
$28.2B
2025 |
$58.6B
2025 |
| Goods exports |
$18.6B
2025 |
$94B
2025 |
| Service imports |
$5.91B
2025 |
$15.9B
2025 |
| Service exports |
$20.2B
2025 |
$7.64B
2025 |
| Imports of goods and services, % of GDP |
39.3%
2024 |
21.8%
2025 |
| Exports of goods and services, % of GDP |
44.4%
2024 |
30%
2025 |
Economic freedom indices
The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Economic freedom | 64.9 | 66.3 |
| Economic freedom ranking | 70/197 | 62/197 |
| Property rights | 56.7 | 44 |
| Government integrity | 37.4 | 35 |
| Judicial effectiveness | 49.6 | 47.8 |
| Tax burden | 86.1 | 79.4 |
| Government spending | 85.5 | 84.8 |
| Fiscal health | 51.8 | 87.4 |
| Business freedom | 72.6 | 73.1 |
| Labor freedom | 60.9 | 64.7 |
| Monetary freedom | 78.2 | 77.6 |
| Trade freedom | 80.2 | 81.6 |
| Investment freedom | 60 | 60 |
| Financial freedom | 60 | 60 |
Economic freedom comparison by year
| Year | Economic freedom index | |
|---|---|---|
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
| 2026 | 64.9 | 66.3 |
| 2025 | 65.5 | 65.9 |
| 2024 | 64.1 | 64.8 |
| 2023 | 63.8 | 66.5 |
| 2022 | 65.4 | 66.5 |
| 2021 | 66.2 | 67.7 |
| 2020 | 67.2 | 67.9 |
| 2019 | 67.2 | 67.8 |
| 2018 | 67 | 68.7 |
| 2017 | 66.3 | 68.9 |
| 2016 | 64.8 | 67.4 |
| 2015 | 64.1 | 67.7 |
| 2014 | 63.4 | 67.4 |
| 2013 | 62.5 | 68.2 |
| 2012 | 65.2 | 68.7 |
| 2011 | 64.9 | 68.6 |
| 2010 | 64.8 | 67.6 |
| 2009 | 64.7 | 64.6 |
| 2008 | 64.7 | 63.8 |
| 2007 | 64.6 | 62.7 |
| 2006 | 65.6 | 60.5 |
| 2005 | 64.3 | 61.3 |
| 2004 | 65.3 | 64.7 |
| 2003 | 68.4 | 64.6 |
| 2002 | 68.5 | 64.8 |
| 2001 | 70.6 | 69.6 |
| 2000 | 71.6 | 68.7 |
| 1999 | 72.6 | 69.2 |
| 1998 | 72.6 | 65 |
| 1997 | 72.4 | 63.8 |
| 1996 | 71.8 | 62.5 |
| 1995 | 71.6 | 56.9 |
Data sources: The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/panama/peru | CC BY
The Economic Freedom Index for Panama is 64.9, ranking 70/197, compared to 66.3 for Peru, ranking 62/197. The chart above displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.
Other economic metrics
|
Panama
|
Peru
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Services, % of GDP |
70%
2025 |
50.9%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
24.9%
2025 |
34.3%
2024 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP |
2.62%
2025 |
7.47%
2024 |
|
GNI, Atlas method
|
$87.5B
2025 |
$291B
2025 |
| GNI per capita, PPP |
$41,770
2025 |
$17,540
2025 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$6.24B
2025 |
$90.4B
2025 |
| Total reserves ranking |
93/177
2025 |
32/177
2025 |
|
Net foreign direct investment
|
-$1.81B
2025 |
-$8.93B
2025 |
|
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
|
$2.09B
2024 |
$6.7B
2024 |
|
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
|
$84.3M
2024 |
$1.14B
2024 |
|
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
|
n/a |
5.54%
2024 |
| Poverty at national poverty lines |
21.7%
2023 |
27.6%
2024 |
|
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
|
33.5%
2024 |
20.3%
2025 |
GDP per capita map
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/economy/panama/peru | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Economy & Growth (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Public Finances in Modern History (1900–1999, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (1994–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- The Heritage Foundation | Economic Freedom Index (1995–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1985–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- TradeMap (2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.
The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.
Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.
A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.
Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.
Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.
Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.