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Fertility & birth rates in Somalia and Sudan

Updated on by Georank team

Somalia has an annual birth rate of 43 births per 1,000 people, compared to 33.6 for Sudan. The average number of children a woman is expected to have during her lifetime — the fertility rate, is 6.13 in Somalia and 4.32 in Sudan — 29.5% difference.

1960 vs 2023, the fertility rate has decreased by -15.4% in Somalia and by -35.1% in Sudan — in 1960, it was 7.25 and 6.66, respectively.

Birth rates facts compared:

  • Somalia is ranked 2/196 by birth rate compared to 18/196 for Sudan.
  • The mean age at childbearing (for all the births, not just the first) is 29.4 in Somalia — it's 29.8 in Sudan.
  • Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 (adolescent birth rate or teenage mother rate) is 117.1 in Somalia vs 66.1 in Sudan.
  • In Somalia, 22.4% of the population is composed of women of reproductive age (15-49), compared to 24.8% in Sudan.
  • Excluding migration, the natural population change due to births and deaths from 2022 to 2023 was +3.31% in Somalia and +2.72% in Sudan.

Birth rate data compared

Somalia Sudan
Fertility rate 6.13 4.32
Birth rate 43 33.6
Birth rate rank 2/196 18/196
Average age at childbearing 29.4 years 29.8 years
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 15-19 114.3 62.7
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 20-29 269 188.7
Annual births per 1,000 women ages 30+ 98.9 72.7
Female of reproductive age (15-49), share of population 22.4% 24.8%
Any modern method of contraceptive prevalence among married women ages 15-49 0.9% 12%
Share of births attended by skilled health staff 31.9% 77.7%
Maternal mortality per live birth 0.56% 0.26%
Neonatal mortality rate (before reaching 28 days of age) 3.49% 2.48%
Infant mortality rate (before reaching 1 year of age) 6.78% 3.92%
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births 10.4% 5.01%
Population change due to births and deaths +608,203 +1,361,564
Natural population change rank 31/196 11/196
Natural population change rate +3.31% +2.72%
Population growth +3.54% +0.81%
Population growth rank 9/197 118/197
Life expectancy 59.1 years 66.7 years

Fertility rate in Somalia vs Sudan chart

According to the latest available data on birth rates, the fertility rate in Somalia was 6.13 children per woman in 2023, compared to 4.32 in Sudan in 2023. The replacement level is considered to be 2.1 children per woman.

Check Somalia vs Sudan population clock for a dynamic visualization of the changing population.

The chart below showcases historical changes in the birth rates.

Somalia
Factual

UN forecast
Sudan
Factual

UN forecast

Births per woman

Year Fertility rate
Somalia Sudan
1960 7.25 6.66
1961 7.25 6.66
1962 7.26 6.7
1963 7.26 6.76
1964 7.26 6.8
1965 7.26 6.84
1966 7.26 6.88
1967 7.25 6.91
1968 7.23 6.95
1969 7.21 6.97
1970 7.18 6.99
1971 7.15 7.02
1972 7.12 6.98
1973 7.09 6.94
1974 7.06 6.91
1975 7.03 6.87
1976 7.02 6.82
1977 7 6.78
1978 7.13 6.72
1979 7.16 6.65
1980 7.18 6.59
1981 7.23 6.53
1982 7.25 6.47
1983 7.28 6.41
1984 7.3 6.34
1985 7.33 6.28
1986 7.35 6.23
1987 7.37 6.18
1988 7.4 6.13
1989 7.42 6.11
1990 7.44 6.07
1991 7.47 6.05
1992 7.5 6.02
1993 7.53 5.97
1994 7.54 5.91
1995 7.58 5.86
1996 7.62 5.79
1997 7.66 5.72
1998 7.66 5.65
1999 7.66 5.62
2000 7.65 5.6
2001 7.64 5.56
2002 7.63 5.53
2003 7.6 5.49
2004 7.57 5.46
2005 7.53 5.4
2006 7.49 5.33
2007 7.46 5.27
2008 7.42 5.21
2009 7.38 5.17
2010 7.32 5.14
2011 7.27 5.09
2012 7.21 5.03
2013 7.14 4.97
2014 7.06 4.91
2015 6.98 4.9
2016 6.88 4.83
2017 6.77 4.76
2018 6.66 4.68
2019 6.56 4.62
2020 6.45 4.54
2021 6.35 4.46
2022 6.26 4.38
2023 6.13 4.32
2024 6.01 4.26
2025 5.91 4.19
2026 5.8 4.13
2027 5.68 4.06
2028 5.58 4
2029 5.47 3.95
2030 5.35 3.88
2031 5.25 3.82
2032 5.14 3.77
2033 5.04 3.7
2034 4.94 3.66
2035 4.84 3.6
2036 4.74 3.54
2037 4.63 3.49
2038 4.52 3.45
2039 4.44 3.4
2040 4.35 3.36
2041 4.26 3.32
2042 4.16 3.28
2043 4.07 3.24
2044 3.99 3.2
2045 3.91 3.17
2046 3.84 3.13
2047 3.78 3.1
2048 3.71 3.07
2049 3.65 3.03
2050 3.6 3

Children 0-14 years as share of population

Somalia
Factual

UN forecast
Sudan
Factual

UN forecast
Year Share of people 0-14 years old
Somalia Sudan
1960 44.4% 46.5%
1961 44.7% 46.6%
1962 44.8% 46.6%
1963 45% 46.7%
1964 45.1% 46.9%
1965 45.1% 47%
1966 44.9% 47.1%
1967 44.8% 47.2%
1968 44.7% 47.3%
1969 44.6% 47.4%
1970 44.5% 47.5%
1971 44.5% 47.6%
1972 44.4% 47.7%
1973 44.4% 47.9%
1974 44.4% 48.1%
1975 44.3% 48%
1976 44.3% 47.8%
1977 44.3% 47.7%
1978 44.4% 47.4%
1979 44.5% 47.1%
1980 44.6% 46.8%
1981 44.8% 46.6%
1982 45% 46.4%
1983 45.2% 46.3%
1984 45.4% 46.2%
1985 45.6% 46.1%
1986 45.8% 46.1%
1987 46% 46%
1988 46.3% 46%
1989 46.7% 46.1%
1990 47% 46.1%
1991 47% 46.2%
1992 46.5% 46.3%
1993 46.4% 46.3%
1994 46.5% 46.3%
1995 46.7% 46.3%
1996 46.9% 46.2%
1997 47% 46.2%
1998 47.1% 46.1%
1999 47.2% 45.9%
2000 47.4% 45.8%
2001 47.5% 45.7%
2002 47.6% 45.6%
2003 47.7% 45.6%
2004 47.9% 45.5%
2005 48.2% 45.4%
2006 48.6% 45.3%
2007 48.9% 45.1%
2008 48.9% 44.9%
2009 48.8% 44.7%
2010 48.7% 44.6%
2011 48.3% 44.6%
2012 47.9% 44.5%
2013 47.8% 44.4%
2014 47.7% 44%
2015 47.6% 43.6%
2016 47.5% 43.1%
2017 47.4% 42.6%
2018 47.3% 42%
2019 47.1% 41.7%
2020 47% 41.4%
2021 47% 41.2%
2022 46.8% 40.9%
2023 46.7% 40.6%
2024 46.6% 40.5%
2025 46.6% 40.2%
2026 46.5% 39.8%
2027 46.4% 39.5%
2028 46.1% 39.3%
2029 45.8% 39.1%
2030 45.4% 38.9%
2031 45.1% 38.6%
2032 44.7% 38.3%
2033 44.3% 37.9%
2034 43.9% 37.5%
2035 43.5% 37.1%
2036 43.1% 36.7%
2037 42.6% 36.3%
2038 42.1% 35.9%
2039 41.7% 35.5%
2040 41.2% 35.1%
2041 40.8% 34.7%
2042 40.3% 34.3%
2043 39.9% 33.9%
2044 39.4% 33.6%
2045 39% 33.2%
2046 38.6% 32.8%
2047 38.2% 32.5%
2048 37.8% 32.2%
2049 37.4% 31.9%
2050 37% 31.6%

Children aged 0-14 make up 46.6% of the population in Somalia and 40.5% in Sudan in 2024, compared to 47% and 46.1% respectively in 1990.

Demographics of Somalia and Sudan compared.

Natural population change in Somalia vs Sudan by year

For the past 10 years, the annual natural population change (excluding migration) has been +3.34% in Somalia and +2.79% in Sudan. The chart below illustrates the comparison of the absolute yearly changes resulting from births and deaths.

Somalia
Sudan

Natural population change

Year Population change due to births and deaths
Somalia Sudan
1960 73,850 262,235
1961 75,513 272,562
1962 77,737 287,317
1963 79,859 302,132
1964 82,042 315,166
1965 84,448 327,799
1966 86,930 342,118
1967 89,497 356,599
1968 92,208 370,917
1969 95,045 385,712
1970 98,025 401,013
1971 101,196 417,641
1972 104,493 428,340
1973 108,038 439,201
1974 104,813 444,456
1975 108,998 454,813
1976 113,319 470,019
1977 124,818 483,089
1978 132,689 497,987
1979 151,016 524,942
1980 174,790 552,930
1981 185,211 585,087
1982 182,793 606,362
1983 190,775 570,198
1984 199,017 577,405
1985 207,960 583,382
1986 218,416 649,649
1987 231,580 658,416
1988 215,599 672,604
1989 225,255 683,743
1990 225,162 699,953
1991 53,052 714,612
1992 57,495 731,177
1993 232,960 743,249
1994 246,950 764,645
1995 254,509 780,700
1996 264,807 792,926
1997 271,894 802,245
1998 284,779 814,752
1999 295,523 835,840
2000 306,651 858,536
2001 319,059 880,284
2002 331,215 897,965
2003 341,192 898,226
2004 351,959 889,382
2005 363,117 907,017
2006 372,597 963,740
2007 380,303 992,819
2008 394,258 1,001,826
2009 405,784 1,041,810
2010 385,571 1,068,381
2011 203,213 1,070,888
2012 399,468 1,073,062
2013 448,518 1,078,446
2014 464,481 1,097,962
2015 481,573 1,145,259
2016 495,132 1,174,422
2017 478,556 1,208,046
2018 514,244 1,257,387
2019 548,756 1,291,747
2020 561,311 1,295,781
2021 566,399 1,293,817
2022 551,450 1,333,992
2023 608,203 1,361,564

Fertility rates around the globe

Fertility rate

Maternal mortality chart: Somalia vs Sudan

The maternal mortality rate, which is the probability of dying during childbirth or within 42 days of pregnancy termination, is 563 deaths per 100,000 live births in Somalia, compared to 256 deaths in Sudan.

Somalia
Sudan
Year Maternal mortality per 100K births
Somalia Sudan
1985 1,465 980
1986 1,452 938
1987 1,393 914
1988 1,423 877
1989 1,395 881
1990 1,358 840
1991 1,431 873
1992 1,339 863
1993 1,195 839
1994 1,254 775
1995 1,210 730
1996 1,225 712
1997 1,206 681
1998 1,177 669
1999 1,170 662
2000 1,150 645
2001 1,129 616
2002 1,121 588
2003 1,111 593
2004 1,104 536
2005 1,086 506
2006 1,085 485
2007 1,074 445
2008 1,035 426
2009 995 382
2010 1,062 370
2011 972 357
2012 894 340
2013 855 327
2014 816 309
2015 784 298
2016 754 288
2017 716 277
2018 727 268
2019 656 262
2020 655 273
2021 726 305
2022 622 263
2023 563 256

Under-five mortality rates

The chance that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five is 10.4% in Somalia and 5.01% in Sudan. Below is the historical data on under-five mortality rates.

Somalia
Sudan

Probability that a newborn baby will die before reaching age five

Year Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
Somalia Sudan
1960 - 17.8%
1961 - 17.5%
1962 - 17.2%
1963 - 17%
1964 - 16.7%
1965 - 16.5%
1966 - 16.3%
1967 - 16.2%
1968 - 16%
1969 - 15.9%
1970 - 15.8%
1971 - 15.7%
1972 - 15.6%
1973 - 15.5%
1974 - 15.4%
1975 - 15.3%
1976 - 15.2%
1977 - 15.1%
1978 - 15%
1979 - 14.9%
1980 - 14.8%
1981 - 14.6%
1982 20.1% 14.5%
1983 19.8% 18.2%
1984 19.5% 18%
1985 19.3% 17.8%
1986 19% 14%
1987 18.8% 13.8%
1988 18.6% 13.6%
1989 18.3% 13.4%
1990 18% 13.2%
1991 44.3% 13%
1992 45.6% 12.7%
1993 17.3% 12.5%
1994 17.2% 12.2%
1995 17.2% 11.9%
1996 17.2% 11.6%
1997 17.2% 11.3%
1998 17.2% 11%
1999 17.2% 10.7%
2000 17.2% 10.3%
2001 17.2% 9.99%
2002 17.2% 9.65%
2003 17.2% 9.31%
2004 17.2% 10.3%
2005 17.2% 10%
2006 17.2% 8.4%
2007 17% 8.13%
2008 16.6% 7.88%
2009 16.2% 7.64%
2010 18.6% 7.42%
2011 35.9% 7.22%
2012 18.4% 7.02%
2013 14.3% 6.83%
2014 13.8% 6.64%
2015 13.4% 6.45%
2016 13% 6.26%
2017 15.5% 6.07%
2018 13.6% 5.89%
2019 11.8% 5.71%
2020 11.4% 5.53%
2021 11.1% 5.36%
2022 14.3% 5.18%
2023 10.4% 5.01%

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Birth rate comparisons

Birth rate vs Somalia vs Sudan
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