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Economy of Azerbaijan vs Bahrain compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Azerbaijan has a GDP of $74.3B compared to $47.7B for Bahrain, ranking 84/197 and 95/197 by economy size, respectively.

Azerbaijan has $15.5B in government debt (21% of GDP), compared to $64B (141.4% of GDP) in Bahrain.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Azerbaijan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Bahrain
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Azerbaijan Bahrain
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1970 - - $391,577,364 $3,916,965,158
1971 - - $422,181,562 $3,979,916,383
1972 - - $534,081,184 $4,420,574,963
1973 - - $761,132,545 $5,036,098,060
1974 - - $1,042,176,884 $5,462,767,480
1975 - - $1,099,107,601 $4,980,141,416
1976 - - $1,581,709,519 $6,497,904,126
1977 - - $1,989,060,283 $7,343,778,518
1978 - - $2,272,042,965 $7,627,414,970
1979 - - $2,710,160,739 $7,892,030,438
1980 - - $3,493,834,468 $8,095,666,864
1981 - - $3,943,109,532 $7,665,244,758
1982 - - $4,145,421,080 $7,086,042,176
1983 - - $4,247,030,468 $7,537,874,925
1984 - - $4,440,874,566 $7,915,043,506
1985 - - $4,152,376,484 $7,538,424,481
1986 - - $3,470,746,843 $7,627,603,584
1987 - - $3,856,922,694 $8,420,798,792
1988 - - $4,209,834,173 $9,010,254,004
1989 - - $4,393,093,963 $9,043,051,972
1990 $8,884,848,485 $20,567,069,381 $4,809,511,005 $9,444,382,363
1991 $5,344,000,000 $20,423,099,859 $5,248,911,170 $10,504,986,340
1992 $444,658,672 $15,807,479,224 $5,402,232,447 $11,207,769,729
1993 $1,570,392,598 $12,155,951,726 $5,913,001,064 $12,650,210,449
1994 $1,193,141,110 $9,761,229,085 $6,330,627,926 $12,618,584,749
1995 $2,417,331,193 $8,609,404,140 $6,651,180,851 $13,114,494,169
1996 $3,176,507,376 $8,721,326,343 $6,938,166,755 $13,653,500,708
1997 $3,962,362,387 $9,227,163,284 $7,219,407,713 $14,075,803,380
1998 $4,446,368,571 $10,149,879,576 $7,031,309,043 $14,750,034,868
1999 $4,581,248,567 $10,900,970,797 $7,528,469,149 $15,384,286,109
2000 $5,272,615,723 $12,110,978,462 $9,062,898,936 $16,199,663,949
2001 $5,707,616,204 $13,309,965,292 $8,976,196,809 $16,603,189,277
2002 $6,236,087,738 $14,566,281,781 $9,593,510,638 $17,159,155,483
2003 $7,276,413,079 $16,053,251,526 $11,074,813,830 $18,239,571,634
2004 $8,680,405,741 $17,538,787,529 $13,150,159,574 $19,512,869,154
2005 $13,245,421,881 $22,442,902,280 $15,968,723,404 $20,833,694,756
2006 $20,981,929,498 $30,178,119,967 $18,504,760,638 $22,181,009,695
2007 $33,049,419,431 $37,862,439,811 $21,730,000,000 $24,020,694,053
2008 $48,851,293,785 $41,872,616,382 $25,710,904,255 $25,520,789,027
2009 $44,292,427,185 $45,795,872,339 $22,938,218,085 $26,168,987,899
2010 $52,909,294,792 $47,988,960,054 $26,805,984,043 $27,303,230,073
2011 $65,952,796,428 $47,234,094,854 $29,914,680,851 $27,829,679,464
2012 $69,679,944,504 $48,274,633,161 $31,963,404,255 $28,888,050,242
2013 $74,160,560,124 $51,095,520,685 $33,823,324,468 $30,416,985,616
2014 $75,239,785,452 $52,524,961,529 $34,772,526,596 $31,727,610,008
2015 $53,076,235,355 $53,076,235,355 $32,523,297,872 $32,523,297,872
2016 $37,866,996,883 $51,450,192,629 $33,884,680,851 $33,764,059,499
2017 $40,866,627,352 $51,529,227,661 $37,204,813,830 $35,436,675,411
2018 $47,112,470,052 $52,302,373,072 $39,567,978,723 $36,164,044,588
2019 $48,174,235,294 $53,599,371,993 $40,446,808,511 $36,906,448,211
2020 $42,693,000,000 $51,348,755,378 $35,837,632,979 $34,724,774,104
2021 $54,825,411,765 $54,232,727,552 $40,840,212,766 $36,235,315,986
2022 $78,807,470,588 $56,789,627,317 $46,458,191,489 $38,474,716,945
2023 $72,428,470,588 $57,558,829,938 $46,192,260,638 $39,966,811,156
2024 $74,315,882,353 $59,902,281,352 $47,736,702,128 $41,172,709,123

Economic indicators

Azerbaijan Bahrain
Gross domestic product
$74.3B
2024
$47.7B
2024
GDP rank
84/197
2024
95/197
2024
GDP growth
2.61%
2023-2024
3.34%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$7,284
2024
$30,048
2024
GDP per capita rank
103/197
2024
41/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$25,089
2024
$67,211
2024
Government debt
$15.5B
2024
$64B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
21%
2025
141.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$1,519
2024
$40,267
2024
Government debt per person rank
128/185
2024
13/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$5,824
2025
$20,364
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$1.64B
2024
$20.4B
2024
Income share by richest 10%
24.2%
2005
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
4.8%
2005
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
35.6%
2025
29.6%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
2.21%
2023-2024
0.92%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
7%
2025
4.75%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.65%
2022
1.2%
2012
Population
10308499
1650128

GDP per capita in Azerbaijan vs Bahrain

Azerbaijan's GDP per capita is $7,284, ranking 103/197, compared to $30,048 in Bahrain, ranking 41/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Azerbaijan ranks 81st at $25,089, while Bahrain ranks 26th at $67,211.

Azerbaijan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Bahrain
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Azerbaijan Bahrain
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1970 - - $1,742 -
1971 - - $1,830 -
1972 - - $2,206 -
1973 - - $2,981 -
1974 - - $3,874 -
1975 - - $3,880 -
1976 - - $5,310 -
1977 - - $6,358 -
1978 - - $6,926 -
1979 - - $7,891 -
1980 - - $9,733 -
1981 - - $10,557 -
1982 - - $10,712 -
1983 - - $10,599 -
1984 - - $10,697 -
1985 - - $9,649 -
1986 - - $7,777 -
1987 - - $8,333 -
1988 - - $8,772 -
1989 - - $8,833 -
1990 $1,238 $5,343 $9,343 $26,902
1991 $735 $5,412 $10,434 $31,657
1992 $60.2 $4,220 $10,460 $33,648
1993 $209.5 $3,272 $11,152 $37,870
1994 $157.1 $2,648 $11,629 $37,579
1995 $315 $2,357 $11,901 $38,839
1996 $409 $2,407 $12,092 $40,106
1997 $506 $2,565 $12,255 $40,965
1998 $562 $2,827 $11,625 $42,281
1999 $574 $3,052 $12,123 $43,561
2000 $655 $3,439 $14,214 $45,688
2001 $704 $3,835 $13,573 $46,162
2002 $763 $4,230 $13,501 $45,091
2003 $884 $4,718 $14,486 $45,427
2004 $1,045 $5,248 $15,964 $46,317
2005 $1,578 $6,855 $17,966 $47,268
2006 $2,473 $9,398 $19,267 $48,009
2007 $3,851 $11,974 $20,908 $49,347
2008 $5,574 $13,217 $23,299 $50,330
2009 $4,950 $14,246 $19,465 $48,626
2010 $5,844 $14,930 $21,819 $49,255
2011 $7,190 $14,805 $25,033 $52,677
2012 $7,496 $15,994 $26,439 $56,713
2013 $7,875 $17,268 $26,990 $56,310
2014 $7,891 $17,564 $26,452 $54,299
2015 $5,501 $15,075 $23,734 $48,034
2016 $3,881 $14,536 $23,800 $47,429
2017 $4,147 $14,316 $24,785 $50,185
2018 $4,740 $15,283 $26,324 $51,993
2019 $4,806 $16,675 $27,260 $56,600
2020 $4,230 $15,164 $24,343 $53,436
2021 $5,408 $20,111 $27,148 $54,955
2022 $7,771 $22,552 $30,471 $61,678
2023 $7,133 $23,652 $29,290 $64,171
2024 $7,284 $25,089 $30,048 $67,211

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Azerbaijan's government spending was $25.2B, accounting for 35.6% of its GDP, while Bahrain's spent $14.4B, or 29.6% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 21% in Azerbaijan and 141.4% in Bahrain, ranking 174/185 and 8/185, respectively.

Azerbaijan
Government spending

Government debt
Bahrain
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Azerbaijan Bahrain
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1990 - - 32.4% 7.24%
1991 - - 28.5% 6.71%
1992 - - 29.4% 6.45%
1993 - - 26.7% 5.95%
1994 14.7% 11.7% 26.1% 5.62%
1995 18.9% 19.2% 25.1% 13.6%
1996 19.8% 16.7% 22.7% 13.1%
1997 18.5% 11.4% 31% 14.8%
1998 18.7% 14.3% 25.7% 20%
1999 19.5% 25.4% 27.1% 24.7%
2000 18.2% 13.1% 22.2% 24.7%
2001 16.8% 13% 26.5% 25%
2002 23.1% 11.9% 30.6% 27.2%
2003 21.7% 10.7% 28.1% 31.1%
2004 24.2% 9.71% 25% 28.2%
2005 22.5% 6.85% 23.9% 23.2%
2006 25.3% 5.3% 23.1% 19.4%
2007 26.1% 4% 22.4% 15.7%
2008 31.4% 3.22% 22.7% 12.1%
2009 34.5% 4.73% 24.6% 20.5%
2010 32% 4.98% 31.1% 28.8%
2011 33.7% 4.97% 30.2% 31.6%
2012 36.6% 5.83% 31.1% 34.8%
2013 37.8% 6.18% 32% 42.3%
2014 36.4% 8.53% 27.3% 42.6%
2015 38.7% 18% 34.8% 63.2%
2016 35.4% 20.6% 33.3% 77.4%
2017 35.6% 22.5% 30.7% 84%
2018 33.2% 18.7% 32.1% 90.4%
2019 32.5% 17.7% 31.2% 97.1%
2020 40.2% 21.3% 34.6% 125.7%
2021 32.2% 26.3% 30.6% 122.3%
2022 26.2% 17.3% 27.5% 111.6%
2023 32.7% 21.8% 27.9% 123%
2024 33.8% 20.9% 30.2% 134%
2025 35.6% 21% 29.6% 141.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Azerbaijan's government surplus, the difference between spending and revenue, was $2.4B, equivalent to 3.23% of GDP. This compares to Bahrain's deficit of -$5.11B, or -10.7% of GDP.

Over the past 31 years, Azerbaijan recorded a fiscal deficit in 8 of those years, while Bahrain ran a deficit in 23 years. On average, Azerbaijan posted an annual surplus equal to +4.11% of GDP, compared to deficit of -5.43% of GDP for Bahrain.

Deficit/surplus
Azerbaijan

Bahrain
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Azerbaijan Bahrain
1990 - -6.79%
1991 - -3.47%
1992 - -5.41%
1993 - -2.77%
1994 3.21% -5.18%
1995 -1.34% -3.99%
1996 -2.25% 0.24%
1997 -0.94% -6.39%
1998 1.63% -5.49%
1999 -1.03% -4.85%
2000 0.14% 7.33%
2001 21.8% 0.7%
2002 19.4% -3.27%
2003 1.6% -1.7%
2004 1.78% 0.24%
2005 2.74% 2.8%
2006 0.66% 2.24%
2007 2.34% 1.52%
2008 17.2% 4.08%
2009 5.86% -5.36%
2010 13.8% -9.29%
2011 10.9% -4.9%
2012 3.71% -5.77%
2013 1.64% -8.55%
2014 2.74% -3.32%
2015 -4.83% -17.5%
2016 -1.17% -16.6%
2017 -1.34% -13.4%
2018 5.43% -11.3%
2019 8.95% -8.57%
2020 -6.44% -17.3%
2021 4.21% -10.6%
2022 5.96% -5.15%
2023 7.92% -8.46%
2024 3.23% -10.7%
2025 -1.25% -10.4%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Azerbaijan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 5.97%, compared with 1.28% in Bahrain. In 2024, inflation was 2.21% in Azerbaijan and 0.92% in Bahrain.

Inflation
Azerbaijan

Bahrain
Year Inflation
Azerbaijan Bahrain Azerbaijan Bahrain
1996 19.8% -0.45%
1997 3.67% 2.43%
1998 -0.77% -0.37%
1999 -8.53% -1.29%
2000 1.81% -0.7%
2001 1.55% -1.21%
2002 2.77% -0.5%
2003 2.23% 1.59%
2004 6.71% 2.35%
2005 9.68% 2.59%
2006 8.33% 2.01%
2007 16.7% 3.26%
2008 20.8% 3.53%
2009 1.46% 2.8%
2010 5.73% 1.96%
2011 7.86% -0.4%
2012 1.07% 2.76%
2013 2.42% 3.3%
2014 1.37% 2.65%
2015 4.03% 1.85%
2016 12.4% 2.79%
2017 12.9% 1.39%
2018 2.27% 2.09%
2019 2.61% 1.01%
2020 2.76% -2.32%
2021 6.65% -0.61%
2022 13.9% 3.63%
2023 8.79% 0.07%
2024 2.21% 0.92%

Top exports between countries

Azerbaijan
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $303K
Raw materials & minerals $28K
Machinery & equipment $18K
Textiles & consumer goods $9K
Metals $1K
Bahrain
Export category Export value
Chemicals & pharma $132K
Textiles & consumer goods $95K
Metals $12K
Miscellaneous $6K
Machinery & equipment $1K
Wood & paper products $1K

Balance of trade

Azerbaijan Bahrain
Current account balance
$4.67B
2024
$2.28B
2024
Current account balance ranking
36/189
2024
42/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+6.29%
2024
+4.78%
2024
Goods imports
$17.2B
2024
$20.7B
2024
Goods exports
$26B
2024
$24.3B
2024
Service imports
$10.2B
2024
$12.4B
2024
Service exports
$8.12B
2024
$17B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
36.8%
2024
70.1%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
45.9%
2024
87.4%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Azerbaijan Bahrain
Economic freedom 62.5 65.6
Economic freedom ranking 83/197 61/197
Property rights 52.9 65.4
Government integrity 22 39.8
Judicial effectiveness 16.7 30.2
Tax burden 87.9 99.9
Government spending 72.3 74.3
Fiscal health 99 0
Business freedom 71.2 76.5
Labor freedom 57.6 55.3
Monetary freedom 70.1 88.7
Trade freedom 69.8 86.6
Investment freedom 70 90
Financial freedom 60 80

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Azerbaijan is 62.5, ranking 83/197, compared to 65.6 for Bahrain, ranking 61/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Azerbaijan
Bahrain
Year Economic freedom index
Azerbaijan Bahrain
1995 - 76.2
1996 30 76.4
1997 34 76.1
1998 43.1 75.6
1999 47.4 75.2
2000 49.8 75.7
2001 50.3 75.9
2002 53.3 75.6
2003 54.1 76.3
2004 53.4 75.1
2005 54.4 71.2
2006 53.2 71.6
2007 54.6 71.2
2008 55.3 72.2
2009 58 74.8
2010 58.8 76.3
2011 59.7 77.7
2012 58.9 75.2
2013 59.7 75.5
2014 61.3 75.1
2015 61 73.4
2016 60.2 74.3
2017 63.6 68.5
2018 64.3 67.7
2019 65.4 66.4
2020 69.3 66.3
2021 70.1 69.9
2022 61.6 62
2023 61.4 62.5
2024 61.6 63.4
2025 62.5 65.6

More economic indicators

Azerbaijan Bahrain
Services, % of GDP
42.3%
2024
51.9%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
42.6%
2024
43.4%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
5.66%
2024
0.25%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$74.6B
2024
$45.8B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$24,170
2024
$63,610
2024
Total reserves including gold
$12.7B
2024
$4.95B
2024
Total reserves ranking
72/177
2024
102/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
$511M
2024
-$2.43B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$231M
2024
$2.7B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$742M
2024
$275M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
2.65%
2023
n/a
Poverty at national poverty lines
6%
2012
n/a
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
21.1%
2024
29.3%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.