Bosnia and Herzegovina has a population of 3.16M (ranked 134/197), compared with 19.1M in Romania (ranked 67/197). Bosnia and Herzegovina's land area is 19,768 sq mi versus 88,834 sq mi for Romania (ranked 125th vs. 80th).
By GDP, Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks 111/197 ($28.3B) and Romania ranks 43/197 ($383B). By GDP per capita, Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks 90/197 ($8,957), while Romania ranks 58/197 ($20,072).
Main facts and rankings
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
3140094
|
18962595
|
| Population rank | 135/197 | 69/197 |
| GDP |
$28.3B
2024 |
$383B
2024 |
| GDP rank | 111/197 | 43/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$8,957
2024 |
$20,072
2024 |
| GDP per capita rank | 90/197 | 58/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$21,971
2024 |
$48,712
2024 |
| Government debt |
$9.28B
2024 |
$219B
2024 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio |
33.8%
2025 |
61.6%
2025 |
| Government debt per person |
$2,934
2024 |
$11,490
2024 |
| Government debt per person rank | 102/185 | 49/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$8,350
2025 |
$13,200
2025 |
| Land area |
19,768 sq mi
2025 |
88,834 sq mi
2025 |
| Population density |
160.1 ppl/mi²
2024 |
214.7 ppl/mi²
2024 |
| Fertility rate |
1.49
2023 |
1.71
2023 |
| Median age |
46.3 years
2024 |
43.8 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
78.2 years
2025 |
76.2 years
2025 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania: Comparison Charts
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1987 | - | $38,067,567,568 |
| 1988 | - | $40,424,528,302 |
| 1989 | - | $41,450,777,202 |
| 1990 | $7,753,478,261 | $38,247,882,300 |
| 1991 | $6,122,959,184 | $28,850,634,900 |
| 1992 | $4,735,044,707 | $25,121,666,667 |
| 1993 | $3,630,668,950 | $26,361,160,450 |
| 1994 | $1,255,802,469 | $30,072,805,104 |
| 1995 | $1,866,572,954 | $37,430,162,103 |
| 1996 | $2,786,045,322 | $36,937,074,278 |
| 1997 | $3,671,909,673 | $35,575,214,078 |
| 1998 | $4,116,774,301 | $41,696,091,974 |
| 1999 | $4,686,256,363 | $35,953,156,754 |
| 2000 | $5,567,772,769 | $37,253,739,511 |
| 2001 | $5,800,615,466 | $40,395,116,581 |
| 2002 | $6,728,220,887 | $46,065,502,703 |
| 2003 | $8,498,894,359 | $57,806,384,143 |
| 2004 | $10,156,541,538 | $74,973,656,852 |
| 2005 | $11,222,796,337 | $98,454,380,120 |
| 2006 | $12,864,841,906 | $122,023,735,993 |
| 2007 | $15,778,734,264 | $174,588,782,939 |
| 2008 | $19,112,796,623 | $214,315,932,061 |
| 2009 | $17,613,949,091 | $174,110,532,659 |
| 2010 | $17,176,315,804 | $170,064,350,672 |
| 2011 | $18,644,233,537 | $192,623,977,894 |
| 2012 | $17,226,735,996 | $179,117,323,107 |
| 2013 | $18,179,108,531 | $189,798,603,751 |
| 2014 | $18,558,733,564 | $199,722,319,676 |
| 2015 | $16,404,348,871 | $177,885,131,240 |
| 2016 | $17,116,926,328 | $185,290,759,249 |
| 2017 | $18,326,373,366 | $210,147,385,855 |
| 2018 | $20,484,053,869 | $243,468,683,030 |
| 2019 | $20,482,608,755 | $251,677,082,534 |
| 2020 | $20,226,036,564 | $252,033,792,712 |
| 2021 | $23,672,712,242 | $286,578,196,368 |
| 2022 | $24,534,663,636 | $296,354,358,293 |
| 2023 | $27,592,361,388 | $350,775,856,415 |
| 2024 | $28,343,394,203 | $382,767,571,329 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1987 | - | $1,659 |
| 1988 | - | $1,753 |
| 1989 | - | $1,790 |
| 1990 | $1,743 | $1,648 |
| 1991 | $1,373 | $1,254 |
| 1992 | $1,118 | $1,102 |
| 1993 | $930 | $1,158 |
| 1994 | $337 | $1,323 |
| 1995 | $502 | $1,650 |
| 1996 | $719 | $1,633 |
| 1997 | $914 | $1,577 |
| 1998 | $1,007 | $1,853 |
| 1999 | $1,135 | $1,600 |
| 2000 | $1,338 | $1,660 |
| 2001 | $1,388 | $1,825 |
| 2002 | $1,607 | $2,120 |
| 2003 | $2,034 | $2,679 |
| 2004 | $2,453 | $3,495 |
| 2005 | $2,740 | $4,618 |
| 2006 | $3,166 | $5,758 |
| 2007 | $3,931 | $8,360 |
| 2008 | $4,842 | $10,435 |
| 2009 | $4,540 | $8,548 |
| 2010 | $4,506 | $8,400 |
| 2011 | $4,983 | $9,561 |
| 2012 | $4,694 | $8,930 |
| 2013 | $5,035 | $9,498 |
| 2014 | $5,206 | $10,032 |
| 2015 | $4,662 | $8,977 |
| 2016 | $4,929 | $9,405 |
| 2017 | $5,345 | $10,728 |
| 2018 | $6,048 | $12,502 |
| 2019 | $6,122 | $12,992 |
| 2020 | $6,130 | $13,082 |
| 2021 | $7,295 | $14,987 |
| 2022 | $7,656 | $15,558 |
| 2023 | $8,663 | $18,404 |
| 2024 | $8,957 | $20,072 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina vs. Romania life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1950 | 47.3 | 60.5 |
| 1951 | 48.4 | 61.2 |
| 1952 | 49.4 | 61.8 |
| 1953 | 51.1 | 62.5 |
| 1954 | 51.9 | 63 |
| 1955 | 53 | 63.3 |
| 1956 | 53.9 | 63.6 |
| 1957 | 55.1 | 64 |
| 1958 | 56.2 | 64.4 |
| 1959 | 57.6 | 64.9 |
| 1960 | 58.5 | 65.6 |
| 1961 | 59.3 | 66.4 |
| 1962 | 60.1 | 67.2 |
| 1963 | 60.5 | 67.8 |
| 1964 | 61.5 | 68.4 |
| 1965 | 62.2 | 68.4 |
| 1966 | 63.1 | 68.2 |
| 1967 | 63.7 | 68.1 |
| 1968 | 64 | 67.9 |
| 1969 | 64.4 | 67.2 |
| 1970 | 64.8 | 67.9 |
| 1971 | 65.2 | 68.4 |
| 1972 | 65.7 | 69 |
| 1973 | 66.6 | 68.7 |
| 1974 | 67.6 | 69.5 |
| 1975 | 68.3 | 69.6 |
| 1976 | 68.6 | 69.9 |
| 1977 | 68.8 | 69.5 |
| 1978 | 68.8 | 69.8 |
| 1979 | 69.1 | 69.5 |
| 1980 | 69.6 | 69.2 |
| 1981 | 70.1 | 69.5 |
| 1982 | 70.1 | 69.8 |
| 1983 | 70.1 | 69.8 |
| 1984 | 70.2 | 69.9 |
| 1985 | 70.6 | 69.4 |
| 1986 | 70.8 | 69.7 |
| 1987 | 70.9 | 69.1 |
| 1988 | 71 | 69.4 |
| 1989 | 71.4 | 69.5 |
| 1990 | 71.5 | 69.8 |
| 1991 | 71.8 | 70 |
| 1992 | 52 | 69.5 |
| 1993 | 50.9 | 69.5 |
| 1994 | 66.6 | 69.3 |
| 1995 | 70.2 | 69.3 |
| 1996 | 73.5 | 68.8 |
| 1997 | 73.9 | 69.1 |
| 1998 | 74.5 | 69.9 |
| 1999 | 74.9 | 70.6 |
| 2000 | 75.3 | 71.2 |
| 2001 | 75.6 | 71.1 |
| 2002 | 76 | 70.8 |
| 2003 | 76.4 | 70.8 |
| 2004 | 76.5 | 71.1 |
| 2005 | 76.4 | 71.6 |
| 2006 | 76 | 72.2 |
| 2007 | 76.2 | 72.8 |
| 2008 | 76.3 | 73.2 |
| 2009 | 76.7 | 73.5 |
| 2010 | 76.8 | 73.6 |
| 2011 | 77 | 74.3 |
| 2012 | 77 | 74.3 |
| 2013 | 77.1 | 74.9 |
| 2014 | 77.1 | 74.8 |
| 2015 | 77.1 | 74.7 |
| 2016 | 77.1 | 75 |
| 2017 | 77.4 | 75 |
| 2018 | 77.9 | 75.1 |
| 2019 | 77.4 | 75.3 |
| 2020 | 76 | 74 |
| 2021 | 74.6 | 72.7 |
| 2022 | 76.8 | 75.3 |
| 2023 | 77.9 | 75.9 |
| 2024 | 78 | 76.1 |
| 2025 | 78.2 | 76.2 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1960 | 3,281,381 | 18,406,905 |
| 1961 | 3,348,035 | 18,555,250 |
| 1962 | 3,407,532 | 18,676,550 |
| 1963 | 3,461,942 | 18,797,850 |
| 1964 | 3,513,441 | 18,919,126 |
| 1965 | 3,562,834 | 19,031,576 |
| 1966 | 3,610,562 | 19,215,450 |
| 1967 | 3,656,223 | 19,534,242 |
| 1968 | 3,698,794 | 19,799,831 |
| 1969 | 3,737,765 | 20,009,141 |
| 1970 | 3,773,247 | 20,250,398 |
| 1971 | 3,809,376 | 20,461,567 |
| 1972 | 3,848,271 | 20,657,957 |
| 1973 | 3,887,376 | 20,835,681 |
| 1974 | 3,926,472 | 21,029,429 |
| 1975 | 3,965,743 | 21,293,583 |
| 1976 | 4,004,552 | 21,551,634 |
| 1977 | 4,042,124 | 21,756,096 |
| 1978 | 4,078,240 | 21,951,464 |
| 1979 | 4,113,300 | 22,090,488 |
| 1980 | 4,148,426 | 22,207,282 |
| 1981 | 4,184,217 | 22,353,070 |
| 1982 | 4,221,100 | 22,475,741 |
| 1983 | 4,258,728 | 22,560,478 |
| 1984 | 4,295,536 | 22,640,547 |
| 1985 | 4,330,364 | 22,732,999 |
| 1986 | 4,362,115 | 22,836,841 |
| 1987 | 4,390,246 | 22,949,430 |
| 1988 | 4,414,404 | 23,057,662 |
| 1989 | 4,433,983 | 23,161,458 |
| 1990 | 4,448,652 | 23,201,835 |
| 1991 | 4,458,343 | 23,001,155 |
| 1992 | 4,234,616 | 22,794,284 |
| 1993 | 3,904,482 | 22,763,280 |
| 1994 | 3,725,412 | 22,730,211 |
| 1995 | 3,715,564 | 22,684,270 |
| 1996 | 3,875,246 | 22,619,004 |
| 1997 | 4,018,227 | 22,553,978 |
| 1998 | 4,089,356 | 22,507,344 |
| 1999 | 4,130,305 | 22,472,040 |
| 2000 | 4,159,771 | 22,442,971 |
| 2001 | 4,179,438 | 22,131,970 |
| 2002 | 4,188,002 | 21,730,496 |
| 2003 | 4,178,523 | 21,574,326 |
| 2004 | 4,140,987 | 21,451,748 |
| 2005 | 4,096,493 | 21,319,685 |
| 2006 | 4,063,272 | 21,193,760 |
| 2007 | 4,013,424 | 20,882,982 |
| 2008 | 3,947,544 | 20,537,875 |
| 2009 | 3,879,794 | 20,367,487 |
| 2010 | 3,811,472 | 20,246,871 |
| 2011 | 3,741,798 | 20,147,528 |
| 2012 | 3,670,113 | 20,058,035 |
| 2013 | 3,610,859 | 19,983,693 |
| 2014 | 3,564,829 | 19,908,979 |
| 2015 | 3,518,541 | 19,815,616 |
| 2016 | 3,473,003 | 19,702,267 |
| 2017 | 3,428,682 | 19,588,715 |
| 2018 | 3,387,000 | 19,473,970 |
| 2019 | 3,345,533 | 19,371,648 |
| 2020 | 3,299,349 | 19,265,250 |
| 2021 | 3,244,907 | 19,122,059 |
| 2022 | 3,204,802 | 19,048,502 |
| 2023 | 3,185,073 | 19,059,479 |
| 2024 | 3,164,253 | 19,069,340 |
Fertility rates in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1960 | 3.96 | 2.34 |
| 1961 | 3.89 | 2.17 |
| 1962 | 3.81 | 2.04 |
| 1963 | 3.7 | 2.01 |
| 1964 | 3.6 | 1.96 |
| 1965 | 3.53 | 1.91 |
| 1966 | 3.39 | 1.9 |
| 1967 | 3.22 | 3.66 |
| 1968 | 3.08 | 3.63 |
| 1969 | 2.95 | 3.19 |
| 1970 | 2.79 | 2.89 |
| 1971 | 2.75 | 2.67 |
| 1972 | 2.67 | 2.55 |
| 1973 | 2.54 | 2.44 |
| 1974 | 2.45 | 2.71 |
| 1975 | 2.39 | 2.59 |
| 1976 | 2.31 | 2.54 |
| 1977 | 2.2 | 2.57 |
| 1978 | 2.08 | 2.52 |
| 1979 | 1.99 | 2.49 |
| 1980 | 1.98 | 2.43 |
| 1981 | 2.02 | 2.36 |
| 1982 | 2.05 | 2.17 |
| 1983 | 2.05 | 2.06 |
| 1984 | 2.02 | 2.26 |
| 1985 | 1.96 | 2.31 |
| 1986 | 1.91 | 2.39 |
| 1987 | 1.88 | 2.38 |
| 1988 | 1.85 | 2.3 |
| 1989 | 1.79 | 2.22 |
| 1990 | 1.79 | 1.83 |
| 1991 | 1.78 | 1.59 |
| 1992 | 1.76 | 1.51 |
| 1993 | 1.73 | 1.43 |
| 1994 | 1.7 | 1.4 |
| 1995 | 1.67 | 1.33 |
| 1996 | 1.65 | 1.3 |
| 1997 | 1.69 | 1.32 |
| 1998 | 1.56 | 1.32 |
| 1999 | 1.37 | 1.3 |
| 2000 | 1.28 | 1.31 |
| 2001 | 1.23 | 1.27 |
| 2002 | 1.23 | 1.27 |
| 2003 | 1.22 | 1.3 |
| 2004 | 1.22 | 1.33 |
| 2005 | 1.2 | 1.4 |
| 2006 | 1.18 | 1.42 |
| 2007 | 1.19 | 1.45 |
| 2008 | 1.21 | 1.6 |
| 2009 | 1.27 | 1.66 |
| 2010 | 1.26 | 1.59 |
| 2011 | 1.21 | 1.47 |
| 2012 | 1.25 | 1.52 |
| 2013 | 1.28 | 1.46 |
| 2014 | 1.26 | 1.56 |
| 2015 | 1.32 | 1.62 |
| 2016 | 1.36 | 1.69 |
| 2017 | 1.42 | 1.78 |
| 2018 | 1.5 | 1.76 |
| 2019 | 1.51 | 1.77 |
| 2020 | 1.52 | 1.8 |
| 2021 | 1.49 | 1.81 |
| 2022 | 1.48 | 1.71 |
| 2023 | 1.49 | 1.71 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 1960 | 21.5 | 28.5 |
| 1961 | 21.6 | 28.9 |
| 1962 | 21.6 | 29.3 |
| 1963 | 21.7 | 29.7 |
| 1964 | 21.7 | 30.2 |
| 1965 | 21.8 | 30.6 |
| 1966 | 21.9 | 31 |
| 1967 | 22 | 31.3 |
| 1968 | 22.1 | 31.3 |
| 1969 | 22.2 | 31.3 |
| 1970 | 22.4 | 31.4 |
| 1971 | 22.6 | 31.4 |
| 1972 | 22.9 | 31.5 |
| 1973 | 23.2 | 31.5 |
| 1974 | 23.6 | 31.6 |
| 1975 | 23.9 | 31.7 |
| 1976 | 24.2 | 31.8 |
| 1977 | 24.6 | 31.8 |
| 1978 | 25 | 31.7 |
| 1979 | 25.4 | 31.7 |
| 1980 | 25.8 | 31.8 |
| 1981 | 26.2 | 31.9 |
| 1982 | 26.5 | 32 |
| 1983 | 26.9 | 32.1 |
| 1984 | 27.3 | 32.3 |
| 1985 | 27.6 | 32.5 |
| 1986 | 28 | 32.7 |
| 1987 | 28.4 | 32.8 |
| 1988 | 28.8 | 32.8 |
| 1989 | 29.2 | 32.9 |
| 1990 | 29.7 | 33 |
| 1991 | 30.2 | 33.1 |
| 1992 | 30.9 | 33.3 |
| 1993 | 31.8 | 33.6 |
| 1994 | 32.6 | 33.8 |
| 1995 | 33 | 34 |
| 1996 | 32.9 | 34.2 |
| 1997 | 32.8 | 34.4 |
| 1998 | 33 | 34.6 |
| 1999 | 33.3 | 34.7 |
| 2000 | 33.6 | 34.8 |
| 2001 | 34 | 34.8 |
| 2002 | 34.4 | 35.3 |
| 2003 | 34.9 | 36 |
| 2004 | 35.4 | 36.6 |
| 2005 | 35.9 | 37 |
| 2006 | 36.5 | 37.3 |
| 2007 | 37.1 | 37.7 |
| 2008 | 37.8 | 38.2 |
| 2009 | 38.5 | 38.8 |
| 2010 | 39.1 | 39.3 |
| 2011 | 39.8 | 39.8 |
| 2012 | 40.5 | 40.2 |
| 2013 | 41.2 | 40.5 |
| 2014 | 41.8 | 40.9 |
| 2015 | 42.3 | 41.3 |
| 2016 | 42.8 | 41.7 |
| 2017 | 43.3 | 42 |
| 2018 | 43.8 | 42.3 |
| 2019 | 44.3 | 42.6 |
| 2020 | 44.8 | 42.9 |
| 2021 | 45.2 | 43.2 |
| 2022 | 45.6 | 43.3 |
| 2023 | 46 | 43.5 |
| 2024 | 46.3 | 43.8 |
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Bosnia and Herzegovina and Romania.
GDP per capita
GDP
Life expectancy
Population
Population density
Fertility rate
Median age
Land area
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$27.3B
2024 |
$336B
2024 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
44.9%
2025 |
39.2%
2025 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
3.25%
2023 |
3.28%
2022 |
| Military expenditure, % of GDP |
0.81%
2023 |
1.61%
2023 |
| Armed forces personnel |
11,000
2020 |
128,000
2020 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP |
-2.19%
2025 |
-7.83%
2025 |
| Unemployment rate |
10.7%
2023 |
5.43%
2024 |
| Services, % of GDP |
58%
2024 |
62.5%
2024 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
22%
2024 |
25%
2024 |
| Economic freedom index |
63.5
2025 |
66.5
2025 |
| Income share by richest 10% |
25.1%
2011 |
21.8%
2023 |
| Income share by poorest 10% |
2.9%
2011 |
2.4%
2023 |
| Number of billionaires | n/a |
6
2025 |
| Percentage of billionaires | n/a |
0.00004%
2025 |
| Listed domestic companies | n/a |
83
2024 |
| Market capitalization of domestic companies | n/a |
$47.4B
2024 |
| Total reserves including gold |
$9.42B
2024 |
$73.4B
2024 |
| Personal remittances received |
$3.12B
2024 |
$9.52B
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
197,000
2020 |
5,023,000
2020 |
| International tourism as share of exports |
6.24%
2020 |
1.73%
2020 |
| Banked people share |
77.5%
2024 |
71.3%
2024 |
Energy
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita |
2,171 kg
2023 |
1,601 kg
2023 |
| GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use |
$10.4
2023 |
$28.6
2023 |
| Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions |
22 megatons
2023 |
70.8 megatons
2023 |
| CO2 emissions per capita |
6.91 tons
2023 |
3.71 tons
2023 |
| Fossil fuel energy use share |
78.8%
2022 |
70.4%
2022 |
| Renewable energy use share |
36.6%
2021 |
23.6%
2021 |
| Alternative and nuclear energy use share |
9.15%
2023 |
17.5%
2023 |
| Net energy imports use share |
24.9%
2023 |
28.1%
2023 |
| Electric power consumption per capita |
3,677 kWh
2023 |
2,585 kWh
2023 |
| Renewable electricity output share |
39.3%
2021 |
44.9%
2021 |
| Hydroelectric share |
39.3%
2023 |
32.2%
2023 |
| Nuclear share |
0%
2021 |
19.3%
2023 |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.04%
2024 |
0.23%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
-4,497
2024 |
-28,466
2024 |
| Urban population |
50.7%
2024 |
54.9%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
50:50
2024 |
50:50
2024 |
| Average male height |
5.99 ft
2025 |
5.83 ft
2025 |
| Average female height |
5.5 ft
2025 |
5.4 ft
2025 |
| Quality of life index |
54.9
2025 |
67.7
2025 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
33
2024 |
46
2024 |
| Higher education index |
62
2025 |
69
2025 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
1.22
2023 |
1.11
2023 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
13.5
2019 |
10.3
2019 |
| Visa free countries |
124
2025 |
171
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
98.3%
2022 |
99.2%
2021 |
| English speaking |
16%
2025 |
31%
2023 |
| People using the Internet |
86.1%
2024 |
91.3%
2024 |
Health
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$667
2022 |
$902
2022 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$206.1
2022 |
$193.3
2022 |
| Life expectancy |
78.2 years
2025 |
76.2 years
2025 |
| Foreign aid share of health expenditure |
2.91%
2022 |
0%
2022 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people |
2.32
2019 |
3.47
2021 |
| Age at first childbirth |
28 years
2021 |
27.1 years
2023 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births |
6
2023 |
12
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births |
6
2023 |
6.6
2023 |
| Obesity rate |
22%
2022 |
35%
2022 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
10.3%
2024 |
7.5%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
23
2025 |
50
2025 |
| Tobacco use prevalence |
36.2%
2022 |
30%
2022 |
| Pure alcohol consumption per capita |
5.87 liters
2020 |
16.8 liters
2020 |
Territory
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