The latest officially reported population of Madagascar was 32,740,678 in 2025 vs 22,216,120 people in Malawi in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Madagascar's population is 33,936,132 people compared to 23,086,106 in Malawi.
Population statistics:
- Madagascar's population is 1.47 times bigger than Malawi's.
- Madagascar is ranked the 49th most populous country in the world, while Malawi is the 61st.
- The countries together account for 0.69% of the world: 0.41% for Madagascar vs 0.28% for Malawi.
- For the last 10 years, Madagascar has had an average growth rate of +2.57% per year vs +2.67% in Malawi.
- Since 2006, the population of Madagascar has increased from 19.7M people to 33.9M (72% growth), while Malawi has grown from 13.2M to 23.1M (74.9% growth).
Madagascar vs Malawi: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Madagascar
|
Malawi
|
|
| 2100 | 86,179,580 | 59,773,923 |
| 2099 | 85,790,370 | 59,515,624 |
| 2098 | 85,386,169 | 59,263,165 |
| 2097 | 84,969,767 | 59,015,654 |
| 2096 | 84,541,363 | 58,749,288 |
| 2095 | 84,101,733 | 58,495,699 |
| 2094 | 83,648,271 | 58,227,933 |
| 2093 | 83,182,675 | 57,954,358 |
| 2092 | 82,705,710 | 57,660,371 |
| 2091 | 82,216,203 | 57,364,786 |
| 2090 | 81,717,468 | 57,048,240 |
| 2089 | 81,206,806 | 56,727,243 |
| 2088 | 80,683,320 | 56,385,237 |
| 2087 | 80,148,075 | 56,041,651 |
| 2086 | 79,603,046 | 55,694,983 |
| 2085 | 79,047,406 | 55,336,839 |
| 2084 | 78,482,616 | 54,985,304 |
| 2083 | 77,906,589 | 54,593,349 |
| 2082 | 77,321,070 | 54,194,853 |
| 2081 | 76,724,415 | 53,783,781 |
| 2080 | 76,117,046 | 53,361,334 |
| 2079 | 75,497,666 | 52,936,889 |
| 2078 | 74,865,716 | 52,510,645 |
| 2077 | 74,221,281 | 52,052,767 |
| 2076 | 73,566,810 | 51,589,339 |
| 2075 | 72,899,578 | 51,130,762 |
| 2074 | 72,220,039 | 50,673,499 |
| 2073 | 71,530,359 | 50,218,991 |
| 2072 | 70,828,530 | 49,759,232 |
| 2071 | 70,115,645 | 49,276,570 |
| 2070 | 69,394,756 | 48,787,471 |
| 2069 | 68,663,443 | 48,291,287 |
| 2068 | 67,921,934 | 47,782,059 |
| 2067 | 67,170,963 | 47,267,335 |
| 2066 | 66,411,266 | 46,741,998 |
| 2065 | 65,644,233 | 46,218,226 |
| 2064 | 64,867,634 | 45,692,044 |
| 2063 | 64,083,768 | 45,169,634 |
| 2062 | 63,292,113 | 44,629,192 |
| 2061 | 62,493,456 | 44,067,259 |
| 2060 | 61,688,314 | 43,499,372 |
| 2059 | 60,876,714 | 42,907,491 |
| 2058 | 60,061,091 | 42,335,782 |
| 2057 | 59,241,569 | 41,753,105 |
| 2056 | 58,416,388 | 41,175,330 |
| 2055 | 57,588,488 | 40,576,247 |
| 2054 | 56,757,952 | 39,986,120 |
| 2053 | 55,923,669 | 39,369,178 |
| 2052 | 55,086,396 | 38,758,577 |
| 2051 | 54,246,667 | 38,145,141 |
| 2050 | 53,403,817 | 37,537,814 |
| 2049 | 52,559,645 | 36,928,354 |
| 2048 | 51,714,462 | 36,332,040 |
| 2047 | 50,868,979 | 35,717,466 |
| 2046 | 50,023,282 | 35,099,651 |
| 2045 | 49,178,377 | 34,484,520 |
| 2044 | 48,333,861 | 33,855,018 |
| 2043 | 47,489,686 | 33,240,675 |
| 2042 | 46,646,849 | 32,629,513 |
| 2041 | 45,806,003 | 32,012,581 |
| 2040 | 44,966,710 | 31,395,572 |
| 2039 | 44,130,890 | 30,775,878 |
| 2038 | 43,296,592 | 30,160,239 |
| 2037 | 42,465,456 | 29,521,489 |
| 2036 | 41,636,814 | 28,890,318 |
| 2035 | 40,810,847 | 28,261,909 |
| 2034 | 39,989,445 | 27,637,439 |
| 2033 | 39,170,206 | 27,012,311 |
| 2032 | 38,353,879 | 26,398,409 |
| 2031 | 37,539,603 | 25,790,366 |
| 2030 | 36,729,526 | 25,176,420 |
| 2029 | 35,923,382 | 24,561,210 |
| 2028 | 35,120,762 | 23,962,931 |
| 2027 | 34,322,223 | 23,369,575 |
| 2026 | 33,528,352 | 22,786,713 |
| 2025 | 32,740,678 | 22,216,120 |
| 2024 | 31,964,956 | 21,655,286 |
| 2023 | 31,195,932 | 21,104,482 |
| 2022 | 30,437,261 | 20,568,728 |
| 2021 | 29,691,083 | 20,047,258 |
| 2020 | 28,953,556 | 19,533,888 |
| 2019 | 28,219,554 | 19,025,752 |
| 2018 | 27,494,926 | 18,528,081 |
| 2017 | 26,788,375 | 18,039,715 |
| 2016 | 26,099,952 | 17,557,739 |
| 2015 | 25,426,702 | 17,085,587 |
| 2014 | 24,764,348 | 16,621,538 |
| 2013 | 24,109,290 | 16,161,816 |
| 2012 | 23,462,438 | 15,709,577 |
| 2011 | 22,822,300 | 15,265,022 |
| 2010 | 22,183,340 | 14,826,463 |
| 2009 | 21,547,280 | 14,395,788 |
| 2008 | 20,923,840 | 13,976,417 |
| 2007 | 20,318,583 | 13,576,343 |
| 2006 | 19,730,909 | 13,198,701 |
| 2005 | 19,159,707 | 12,840,031 |
| 2004 | 18,606,608 | 12,500,737 |
| 2003 | 18,071,854 | 12,181,574 |
| 2002 | 17,549,913 | 11,880,440 |
| 2001 | 17,032,939 | 11,593,058 |
| 2000 | 16,516,338 | 11,315,942 |
| 1999 | 16,000,506 | 11,047,804 |
| 1998 | 15,489,364 | 10,792,876 |
| 1997 | 14,990,814 | 10,562,035 |
| 1996 | 14,510,711 | 10,352,228 |
| 1995 | 14,051,275 | 10,150,117 |
| 1994 | 13,613,850 | 10,164,894 |
| 1993 | 13,197,345 | 10,284,024 |
| 1992 | 12,800,870 | 10,135,079 |
| 1991 | 12,421,412 | 9,844,227 |
| 1990 | 12,055,639 | 9,545,852 |
| 1989 | 11,704,998 | 9,176,220 |
| 1988 | 11,369,462 | 8,753,262 |
| 1987 | 11,047,291 | 8,293,174 |
| 1986 | 10,736,857 | 7,906,480 |
| 1985 | 10,433,142 | 7,620,508 |
| 1984 | 10,134,550 | 7,332,810 |
| 1983 | 9,843,044 | 7,051,709 |
| 1982 | 9,557,671 | 6,778,879 |
| 1981 | 9,279,011 | 6,516,454 |
| 1980 | 9,006,032 | 6,265,529 |
| 1979 | 8,737,581 | 6,028,749 |
| 1978 | 8,475,864 | 5,810,132 |
| 1977 | 8,222,240 | 5,614,983 |
| 1976 | 7,976,831 | 5,443,384 |
| 1975 | 7,739,336 | 5,287,367 |
| 1974 | 7,509,726 | 5,141,337 |
| 1973 | 7,288,048 | 5,003,938 |
| 1972 | 7,074,398 | 4,874,475 |
| 1971 | 6,868,868 | 4,751,434 |
| 1970 | 6,672,003 | 4,633,944 |
| 1969 | 6,484,716 | 4,521,184 |
| 1968 | 6,306,493 | 4,411,054 |
| 1967 | 6,136,486 | 4,303,012 |
| 1966 | 5,974,279 | 4,197,926 |
| 1965 | 5,819,116 | 4,096,157 |
| 1964 | 5,669,863 | 3,997,305 |
| 1963 | 5,525,185 | 3,900,506 |
| 1962 | 5,384,150 | 3,806,307 |
| 1961 | 5,246,158 | 3,715,534 |
| 1960 | 5,111,029 | 3,628,134 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/malawi | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Madagascar increased by 6,369,043 people (a 32.3% growth), while Malawi gained 4,359,038 people (a 33% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Madagascar gained 7,836,180 people (a 30% growth), while Malawi's population increased by 5,528,367 people (a 31.5% growth).
Madagascar was ranked 57th most populous country in 2006 and is 49th in 2026. Malawi was ranked 69th in 2006 and ranked 61st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Madagascar's population will grow by 57.4% to 53,403,817 people with a rank change from 49th to 37th. The population of Malawi will increase by 62.6% to 37,537,814 people and rank change from 61st to 55th.
Madagascar is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 86.2M people compared to the peak of 59.8M people in 2100 for Malawi.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Malawi
|
|
| 2100 | 0.45% | 0.43% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | 0.43% |
| 2098 | 0.49% | 0.42% |
| 2097 | 0.51% | 0.45% |
| 2096 | 0.52% | 0.43% |
| 2095 | 0.54% | 0.46% |
| 2094 | 0.56% | 0.47% |
| 2093 | 0.58% | 0.51% |
| 2092 | 0.6% | 0.52% |
| 2091 | 0.61% | 0.55% |
| 2090 | 0.63% | 0.57% |
| 2089 | 0.65% | 0.61% |
| 2088 | 0.67% | 0.61% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | 0.62% |
| 2086 | 0.7% | 0.65% |
| 2085 | 0.72% | 0.64% |
| 2084 | 0.74% | 0.72% |
| 2083 | 0.76% | 0.74% |
| 2082 | 0.78% | 0.76% |
| 2081 | 0.8% | 0.79% |
| 2080 | 0.82% | 0.8% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | 0.81% |
| 2078 | 0.87% | 0.88% |
| 2077 | 0.89% | 0.9% |
| 2076 | 0.92% | 0.9% |
| 2075 | 0.94% | 0.9% |
| 2074 | 0.96% | 0.91% |
| 2073 | 0.99% | 0.92% |
| 2072 | 1.02% | 0.98% |
| 2071 | 1.04% | 1% |
| 2070 | 1.07% | 1.03% |
| 2069 | 1.09% | 1.07% |
| 2068 | 1.12% | 1.09% |
| 2067 | 1.14% | 1.12% |
| 2066 | 1.17% | 1.13% |
| 2065 | 1.2% | 1.15% |
| 2064 | 1.22% | 1.16% |
| 2063 | 1.25% | 1.21% |
| 2062 | 1.28% | 1.28% |
| 2061 | 1.31% | 1.31% |
| 2060 | 1.33% | 1.38% |
| 2059 | 1.36% | 1.35% |
| 2058 | 1.38% | 1.4% |
| 2057 | 1.41% | 1.4% |
| 2056 | 1.44% | 1.48% |
| 2055 | 1.46% | 1.48% |
| 2054 | 1.49% | 1.57% |
| 2053 | 1.52% | 1.58% |
| 2052 | 1.55% | 1.61% |
| 2051 | 1.58% | 1.62% |
| 2050 | 1.61% | 1.65% |
| 2049 | 1.63% | 1.64% |
| 2048 | 1.66% | 1.72% |
| 2047 | 1.69% | 1.76% |
| 2046 | 1.72% | 1.78% |
| 2045 | 1.75% | 1.86% |
| 2044 | 1.78% | 1.85% |
| 2043 | 1.81% | 1.87% |
| 2042 | 1.84% | 1.93% |
| 2041 | 1.87% | 1.97% |
| 2040 | 1.89% | 2.01% |
| 2039 | 1.93% | 2.04% |
| 2038 | 1.96% | 2.16% |
| 2037 | 1.99% | 2.18% |
| 2036 | 2.02% | 2.22% |
| 2035 | 2.05% | 2.26% |
| 2034 | 2.09% | 2.31% |
| 2033 | 2.13% | 2.33% |
| 2032 | 2.17% | 2.36% |
| 2031 | 2.21% | 2.44% |
| 2030 | 2.24% | 2.5% |
| 2029 | 2.29% | 2.5% |
| 2028 | 2.33% | 2.54% |
| 2027 | 2.37% | 2.56% |
| 2026 | 2.41% | 2.57% |
| 2025 | 2.43% | 2.59% |
| 2024 | 2.47% | 2.61% |
| 2023 | 2.49% | 2.6% |
| 2022 | 2.51% | 2.6% |
| 2021 | 2.55% | 2.63% |
| 2020 | 2.6% | 2.67% |
| 2019 | 2.64% | 2.69% |
| 2018 | 2.64% | 2.71% |
| 2017 | 2.64% | 2.75% |
| 2016 | 2.65% | 2.76% |
| 2015 | 2.67% | 2.79% |
| 2014 | 2.72% | 2.84% |
| 2013 | 2.76% | 2.88% |
| 2012 | 2.8% | 2.91% |
| 2011 | 2.88% | 2.96% |
| 2010 | 2.95% | 2.99% |
| 2009 | 2.98% | 3% |
| 2008 | 2.98% | 2.95% |
| 2007 | 2.98% | 2.86% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 2.79% |
| 2005 | 2.97% | 2.71% |
| 2004 | 2.96% | 2.62% |
| 2003 | 2.97% | 2.53% |
| 2002 | 3.04% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 3.13% | 2.45% |
| 2000 | 3.22% | 2.43% |
| 1999 | 3.3% | 2.36% |
| 1998 | 3.33% | 2.19% |
| 1997 | 3.31% | 2.03% |
| 1996 | 3.27% | 1.99% |
| 1995 | 3.21% | -0.15% |
| 1994 | 3.16% | -1.16% |
| 1993 | 3.1% | 1.47% |
| 1992 | 3.05% | 2.95% |
| 1991 | 3.03% | 3.13% |
| 1990 | 3% | 4.03% |
| 1989 | 2.95% | 4.83% |
| 1988 | 2.92% | 5.55% |
| 1987 | 2.89% | 4.89% |
| 1986 | 2.91% | 3.75% |
| 1985 | 2.95% | 3.92% |
| 1984 | 2.96% | 3.99% |
| 1983 | 2.99% | 4.02% |
| 1982 | 3% | 4.03% |
| 1981 | 3.03% | 4% |
| 1980 | 3.07% | 3.93% |
| 1979 | 3.09% | 3.76% |
| 1978 | 3.08% | 3.48% |
| 1977 | 3.08% | 3.15% |
| 1976 | 3.07% | 2.95% |
| 1975 | 3.06% | 2.84% |
| 1974 | 3.04% | 2.75% |
| 1973 | 3.02% | 2.66% |
| 1972 | 2.99% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 2.95% | 2.54% |
| 1970 | 2.89% | 2.49% |
| 1969 | 2.83% | 2.5% |
| 1968 | 2.77% | 2.51% |
| 1967 | 2.72% | 2.5% |
| 1966 | 2.67% | 2.48% |
| 1965 | 2.63% | 2.47% |
| 1964 | 2.62% | 2.48% |
| 1963 | 2.62% | 2.47% |
| 1962 | 2.63% | 2.44% |
| 1961 | 2.64% | 2.41% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/malawi | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Madagascar grew by 2.43%, while Malawi's population grew by 2.59%.
Live population counters
|
Madagascar
|
Malawi
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
33936132
|
23086106
|
| Population rank | 49/197 | 61/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.41% | 0.28% |
| One net population change |
40.8 seconds
|
56.4 seconds
|
| One birth every |
31.1 seconds
|
46.8 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.2 minutes
|
4.59 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,125 | +1,537 |
| Annual growth/decline | +775,722 | +560,834 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.43% | +2.59% |
| Population growth rate rank | 28/197 | 23/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.94 hours
|
1.56 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -2,227 | -5,628 |
| Net migration rank | 100/196 | 118/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 38,625 | 186,719 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 158/195 | 117/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.1% | 0.9% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 193/195 | 158/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Malawi
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,227 | - | -5,628 |
| 2024 | 774,926 | -1,795 | 559,811 | -1,507 |
| 2023 | 766,391 | -1,487 | 549,096 | -5,811 |
| 2022 | 753,931 | -1,487 | 533,450 | -5,231 |
| 2021 | 741,416 | -1,480 | 517,400 | -2,666 |
| 2020 | 736,607 | -1,480 | 514,659 | -2,655 |
| 2019 | 735,853 | -2,976 | 506,104 | -1,837 |
| 2018 | 719,267 | -2,887 | 494,348 | -3,267 |
| 2017 | 699,498 | -2,784 | 484,655 | 982 |
| 2016 | 682,801 | -2,687 | 474,779 | 3,505 |
| 2015 | 668,977 | -2,594 | 472,484 | -6,471 |
| 2014 | 660,837 | -2,522 | 472,418 | -10,317 |
| 2013 | 654,230 | -2,445 | 470,293 | -12,934 |
| 2012 | 644,255 | -2,334 | 460,684 | -13,561 |
| 2011 | 640,577 | -2,219 | 454,149 | -12,170 |
| 2010 | 641,543 | -1,979 | 444,468 | -9,327 |
| 2009 | 634,008 | -1,429 | 434,811 | -8,590 |
| 2008 | 615,580 | -1,255 | 421,781 | -9,264 |
| 2007 | 597,772 | -1,563 | 410,290 | -22,680 |
| 2006 | 581,489 | -2,336 | 397,123 | -29,450 |
| 2005 | 568,143 | -4,869 | 381,130 | -31,462 |
| 2004 | 556,319 | -13,393 | 361,133 | -32,221 |
| 2003 | 544,903 | -18,345 | 341,133 | -31,729 |
| 2002 | 535,518 | -18,209 | 322,863 | -30,013 |
| 2001 | 529,656 | -13,014 | 310,833 | -28,933 |
| 2000 | 520,860 | -4,298 | 300,439 | -28,098 |
| 1999 | 516,976 | -1,891 | 295,629 | -31,686 |
| 1998 | 508,408 | -1,222 | 285,407 | -39,491 |
| 1997 | 490,905 | -986 | 277,433 | -61,646 |
| 1996 | 471,453 | -1,161 | 270,048 | -66,212 |
| 1995 | 450,259 | -1,670 | 266,745 | -66,366 |
| 1994 | 428,169 | -1,905 | 275,439 | -505,365 |
| 1993 | 408,801 | -2,063 | 276,538 | -284,867 |
| 1992 | 388,430 | -2,216 | 269,066 | 37,142 |
| 1991 | 375,040 | -2,330 | 260,193 | 15,291 |
| 1990 | 360,621 | -1,777 | 250,159 | 71,111 |
| 1989 | 344,279 | -1,848 | 237,967 | 180,031 |
| 1988 | 330,510 | -1,883 | 226,911 | 201,011 |
| 1987 | 317,621 | -1,896 | 220,566 | 271,693 |
| 1986 | 307,074 | -1,914 | 218,519 | 62,615 |
| 1985 | 304,199 | -1,947 | 216,179 | 74,625 |
| 1984 | 296,892 | -1,965 | 212,146 | 72,435 |
| 1983 | 290,085 | -1,979 | 209,422 | 68,197 |
| 1982 | 284,733 | -2,093 | 205,386 | 62,661 |
| 1981 | 277,535 | -2,864 | 199,436 | 57,376 |
| 1980 | 275,287 | -4,005 | 192,746 | 52,294 |
| 1979 | 270,752 | -5,126 | 182,123 | 46,388 |
| 1978 | 263,684 | -5,874 | 172,503 | 36,225 |
| 1977 | 255,399 | -5,957 | 161,930 | 19,638 |
| 1976 | 247,026 | -5,655 | 153,422 | 8,206 |
| 1975 | 238,774 | -5,173 | 145,254 | 5,162 |
| 1974 | 230,233 | -4,607 | 137,819 | 3,833 |
| 1973 | 221,768 | -4,037 | 131,529 | 1,623 |
| 1972 | 213,138 | -3,583 | 125,728 | 48 |
| 1971 | 204,617 | -3,118 | 121,015 | -710 |
| 1970 | 194,889 | -2,658 | 116,822 | -2,147 |
| 1969 | 184,562 | -2,216 | 113,120 | -2,266 |
| 1968 | 175,869 | -1,766 | 110,329 | -924 |
| 1967 | 167,287 | -1,383 | 106,668 | 0 |
| 1966 | 159,483 | -964 | 103,512 | 0 |
| 1965 | 152,362 | -550 | 100,040 | 0 |
| 1964 | 146,894 | -204 | 97,658 | 0 |
| 1963 | 142,666 | 0 | 95,933 | 0 |
| 1962 | 139,412 | 0 | 92,463 | 0 |
| 1961 | 136,578 | 0 | 89,091 | 0 |
| 1960 | 133,684 | 0 | 85,718 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/malawi | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.7% of the population change in Madagascar is from natural causes (a gain of 7,279,667 people) and 0.3% is from migration (a loss of 21,657 people). In Malawi 99.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 5,106,786 people) and 0.49% is from migration (a loss of 24,958 people).
As of 2024, 38,625 residents or 0.1% of the population were not native-born in Madagascar, compared to 186,719 people or 0.9% in Malawi.
Biggest cities by population
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Antananarivo | 1.28M |
| Antsirabe | 265K |
| Toamasina | 225K |
| Toliara | 169K |
|
Malawi
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lilongwe | 989K |
| Mzimba | 936K |
| Blantyre | 800K |
| Mzuzu | 150K |
| Zomba | 101K |
| Mangochi | 53.5K |
| Mulanje | 14.8K |
| Ntcheu | 14.6K |
| Monkey Bay | 14.6K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Madagascar and Malawi
|
Madagascar
|
Malawi
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.3 years | 67.9 years |
| Average age | 24.3 years | 23 years |
| Median age | 20.2 years | 19.2 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 48.8:51.2 |
| Fertility rate | 3.91 births per woman | 3.59 births per woman |
| Population density | 149.3 ppl/mi² | 626 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/malawi | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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