The latest officially reported population of Ethiopia was 132,059,767 in 2024 vs 24,478,595 people in Mali in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Ethiopia's population is 139,917,664 people compared to 26,143,152 in Mali.
Population statistics:
- Ethiopia's population is 5.35 times bigger than Mali's.
- Ethiopia is ranked the 10th most populous country in the world, while Mali is the 58th.
- The countries together account for 2% of the world: 1.69% for Ethiopia vs 0.32% for Mali.
- For the last 10 years, Ethiopia has had an average growth rate of +2.71% per year vs +3.12% in Mali.
- Since 2006, the population of Ethiopia has increased from 80.7M people to 140M (73.4% growth), while Mali has grown from 14M to 26.1M (86.9% growth).
Ethiopia vs Mali: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Ethiopia
|
Mali
|
|
| 2100 | 371,192,732 | 80,371,693 |
| 2099 | 369,452,188 | 80,051,982 |
| 2098 | 367,626,914 | 79,712,985 |
| 2097 | 365,680,268 | 79,363,373 |
| 2096 | 363,648,440 | 78,996,636 |
| 2095 | 361,707,589 | 78,611,169 |
| 2094 | 359,642,227 | 78,201,275 |
| 2093 | 357,570,752 | 77,780,277 |
| 2092 | 355,499,462 | 77,346,576 |
| 2091 | 353,327,595 | 76,892,849 |
| 2090 | 351,068,287 | 76,418,075 |
| 2089 | 348,859,203 | 75,924,551 |
| 2088 | 346,624,222 | 75,413,374 |
| 2087 | 344,268,493 | 74,882,872 |
| 2086 | 341,777,395 | 74,339,859 |
| 2085 | 339,272,558 | 73,778,163 |
| 2084 | 336,753,372 | 73,197,940 |
| 2083 | 334,186,307 | 72,596,727 |
| 2082 | 331,503,693 | 71,983,705 |
| 2081 | 328,816,892 | 71,348,537 |
| 2080 | 326,114,551 | 70,707,220 |
| 2079 | 323,382,593 | 70,044,626 |
| 2078 | 320,521,381 | 69,367,218 |
| 2077 | 317,590,857 | 68,675,750 |
| 2076 | 314,615,353 | 67,972,574 |
| 2075 | 311,583,813 | 67,256,565 |
| 2074 | 308,511,275 | 66,523,454 |
| 2073 | 305,477,711 | 65,776,035 |
| 2072 | 302,351,806 | 65,016,928 |
| 2071 | 299,211,554 | 64,239,726 |
| 2070 | 296,054,535 | 63,457,636 |
| 2069 | 292,847,034 | 62,664,074 |
| 2068 | 289,612,061 | 61,857,029 |
| 2067 | 286,279,975 | 61,042,577 |
| 2066 | 282,992,981 | 60,222,511 |
| 2065 | 279,662,528 | 59,400,594 |
| 2064 | 276,283,161 | 58,567,263 |
| 2063 | 272,866,834 | 57,727,308 |
| 2062 | 269,424,014 | 56,880,111 |
| 2061 | 265,885,347 | 56,026,848 |
| 2060 | 262,350,260 | 55,166,339 |
| 2059 | 258,772,570 | 54,304,533 |
| 2058 | 255,284,371 | 53,437,711 |
| 2057 | 251,733,988 | 52,565,517 |
| 2056 | 248,079,002 | 51,691,907 |
| 2055 | 244,501,471 | 50,813,138 |
| 2054 | 240,868,686 | 49,936,085 |
| 2053 | 237,228,269 | 49,053,898 |
| 2052 | 233,551,340 | 48,167,179 |
| 2051 | 229,804,463 | 47,280,403 |
| 2050 | 226,124,819 | 46,390,999 |
| 2049 | 222,420,063 | 45,505,968 |
| 2048 | 218,694,640 | 44,617,075 |
| 2047 | 214,950,242 | 43,730,396 |
| 2046 | 211,226,920 | 42,840,806 |
| 2045 | 207,525,986 | 41,951,176 |
| 2044 | 203,812,674 | 41,061,960 |
| 2043 | 200,097,321 | 40,172,937 |
| 2042 | 196,411,774 | 39,286,024 |
| 2041 | 192,749,114 | 38,406,403 |
| 2040 | 189,081,695 | 37,525,963 |
| 2039 | 185,422,958 | 36,652,557 |
| 2038 | 181,789,129 | 35,772,629 |
| 2037 | 178,179,942 | 34,902,845 |
| 2036 | 174,569,201 | 34,036,236 |
| 2035 | 170,957,061 | 33,178,665 |
| 2034 | 167,367,920 | 32,328,037 |
| 2033 | 163,813,895 | 31,486,276 |
| 2032 | 160,216,774 | 30,655,886 |
| 2031 | 156,638,324 | 29,833,522 |
| 2030 | 153,070,380 | 29,028,860 |
| 2029 | 149,507,684 | 28,235,559 |
| 2028 | 145,989,372 | 27,456,170 |
| 2027 | 142,463,827 | 26,690,187 |
| 2026 | 138,973,582 | 25,940,320 |
| 2025 | 135,513,842 | 25,201,616 |
| 2024 | 132,059,767 | 24,478,595 |
| 2023 | 128,691,692 | 23,769,127 |
| 2022 | 125,384,287 | 23,072,640 |
| 2021 | 122,138,588 | 22,388,630 |
| 2020 | 118,917,671 | 21,713,836 |
| 2019 | 115,737,383 | 21,068,405 |
| 2018 | 112,664,152 | 20,442,030 |
| 2017 | 109,666,481 | 19,813,011 |
| 2016 | 106,718,162 | 19,191,289 |
| 2015 | 103,867,135 | 18,593,022 |
| 2014 | 101,115,610 | 18,020,267 |
| 2013 | 98,438,751 | 17,459,615 |
| 2012 | 95,798,767 | 16,957,033 |
| 2011 | 93,149,970 | 16,469,049 |
| 2010 | 90,538,514 | 15,945,198 |
| 2009 | 88,007,636 | 15,435,539 |
| 2008 | 85,543,668 | 14,940,782 |
| 2007 | 83,103,217 | 14,457,775 |
| 2006 | 80,703,490 | 13,990,139 |
| 2005 | 78,367,470 | 13,538,647 |
| 2004 | 76,077,206 | 13,102,409 |
| 2003 | 73,832,663 | 12,684,955 |
| 2002 | 71,635,517 | 12,288,050 |
| 2001 | 69,487,762 | 11,912,158 |
| 2000 | 67,411,494 | 11,559,290 |
| 1999 | 65,374,561 | 11,227,415 |
| 1998 | 63,363,524 | 10,919,573 |
| 1997 | 61,404,539 | 10,646,495 |
| 1996 | 59,467,635 | 10,407,278 |
| 1995 | 57,537,335 | 10,185,365 |
| 1994 | 55,611,508 | 9,967,031 |
| 1993 | 53,708,891 | 9,754,786 |
| 1992 | 51,853,747 | 9,553,540 |
| 1991 | 49,717,198 | 9,362,888 |
| 1990 | 47,609,755 | 9,178,830 |
| 1989 | 45,879,690 | 8,999,938 |
| 1988 | 44,150,825 | 8,833,996 |
| 1987 | 42,460,039 | 8,681,164 |
| 1986 | 41,037,656 | 8,531,277 |
| 1985 | 39,842,136 | 8,374,663 |
| 1984 | 38,735,722 | 8,208,599 |
| 1983 | 37,740,817 | 8,034,400 |
| 1982 | 36,701,290 | 7,860,194 |
| 1981 | 35,304,012 | 7,692,766 |
| 1980 | 34,428,514 | 7,530,515 |
| 1979 | 34,238,652 | 7,375,266 |
| 1978 | 33,734,592 | 7,229,651 |
| 1977 | 33,167,272 | 7,090,979 |
| 1976 | 32,534,418 | 6,960,979 |
| 1975 | 31,723,252 | 6,837,261 |
| 1974 | 30,957,273 | 6,715,436 |
| 1973 | 30,166,785 | 6,597,106 |
| 1972 | 29,374,608 | 6,483,726 |
| 1971 | 28,600,106 | 6,377,944 |
| 1970 | 27,829,128 | 6,276,472 |
| 1969 | 27,072,571 | 6,177,704 |
| 1968 | 26,337,930 | 6,082,979 |
| 1967 | 25,620,276 | 5,990,906 |
| 1966 | 24,952,689 | 5,902,204 |
| 1965 | 24,310,612 | 5,815,487 |
| 1964 | 23,666,548 | 5,730,125 |
| 1963 | 23,051,637 | 5,646,605 |
| 1962 | 22,465,126 | 5,563,917 |
| 1961 | 21,906,102 | 5,482,283 |
| 1960 | 21,376,693 | 5,402,550 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/ethiopia/mali | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Ethiopia increased by 26,014,672 people (a 32.2% growth), while Mali gained 5,201,150 people (a 37.2% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Ethiopia gained 33,199,502 people (a 31.1% growth), while Mali's population increased by 6,951,863 people (a 36.2% growth).
Ethiopia was ranked 16th most populous country in 2006 and is 10th in 2026. Mali was ranked 66th in 2006 and ranked 58th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Ethiopia's population will grow by 61.6% to 226,124,819 people with a rank change from 10th to 7th. The population of Mali will increase by 77.4% to 46,390,999 people and rank change from 58th to 46th.
Ethiopia is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 371M people compared to the peak of 80.4M people in 2100 for Mali.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Ethiopia
|
Mali
|
|
| 2100 | 0.47% | 0.4% |
| 2099 | 0.5% | 0.43% |
| 2098 | 0.53% | 0.44% |
| 2097 | 0.56% | 0.46% |
| 2096 | 0.54% | 0.49% |
| 2095 | 0.57% | 0.52% |
| 2094 | 0.58% | 0.54% |
| 2093 | 0.58% | 0.56% |
| 2092 | 0.61% | 0.59% |
| 2091 | 0.64% | 0.62% |
| 2090 | 0.63% | 0.65% |
| 2089 | 0.64% | 0.68% |
| 2088 | 0.68% | 0.71% |
| 2087 | 0.73% | 0.73% |
| 2086 | 0.74% | 0.76% |
| 2085 | 0.75% | 0.79% |
| 2084 | 0.77% | 0.83% |
| 2083 | 0.81% | 0.85% |
| 2082 | 0.82% | 0.89% |
| 2081 | 0.83% | 0.91% |
| 2080 | 0.84% | 0.95% |
| 2079 | 0.89% | 0.98% |
| 2078 | 0.92% | 1.01% |
| 2077 | 0.95% | 1.03% |
| 2076 | 0.97% | 1.06% |
| 2075 | 1% | 1.1% |
| 2074 | 0.99% | 1.14% |
| 2073 | 1.03% | 1.17% |
| 2072 | 1.05% | 1.21% |
| 2071 | 1.07% | 1.23% |
| 2070 | 1.1% | 1.27% |
| 2069 | 1.12% | 1.3% |
| 2068 | 1.16% | 1.33% |
| 2067 | 1.16% | 1.36% |
| 2066 | 1.19% | 1.38% |
| 2065 | 1.22% | 1.42% |
| 2064 | 1.25% | 1.46% |
| 2063 | 1.28% | 1.49% |
| 2062 | 1.33% | 1.52% |
| 2061 | 1.35% | 1.56% |
| 2060 | 1.38% | 1.59% |
| 2059 | 1.37% | 1.62% |
| 2058 | 1.41% | 1.66% |
| 2057 | 1.47% | 1.69% |
| 2056 | 1.46% | 1.73% |
| 2055 | 1.51% | 1.76% |
| 2054 | 1.53% | 1.8% |
| 2053 | 1.57% | 1.84% |
| 2052 | 1.63% | 1.88% |
| 2051 | 1.63% | 1.92% |
| 2050 | 1.67% | 1.94% |
| 2049 | 1.7% | 1.99% |
| 2048 | 1.74% | 2.03% |
| 2047 | 1.76% | 2.08% |
| 2046 | 1.78% | 2.12% |
| 2045 | 1.82% | 2.17% |
| 2044 | 1.86% | 2.21% |
| 2043 | 1.88% | 2.26% |
| 2042 | 1.9% | 2.29% |
| 2041 | 1.94% | 2.35% |
| 2040 | 1.97% | 2.38% |
| 2039 | 2% | 2.46% |
| 2038 | 2.03% | 2.49% |
| 2037 | 2.07% | 2.55% |
| 2036 | 2.11% | 2.58% |
| 2035 | 2.14% | 2.63% |
| 2034 | 2.17% | 2.67% |
| 2033 | 2.25% | 2.71% |
| 2032 | 2.28% | 2.76% |
| 2031 | 2.33% | 2.77% |
| 2030 | 2.38% | 2.81% |
| 2029 | 2.41% | 2.84% |
| 2028 | 2.47% | 2.87% |
| 2027 | 2.51% | 2.89% |
| 2026 | 2.55% | 2.93% |
| 2025 | 2.62% | 2.95% |
| 2024 | 2.62% | 2.98% |
| 2023 | 2.64% | 3.02% |
| 2022 | 2.66% | 3.06% |
| 2021 | 2.71% | 3.11% |
| 2020 | 2.75% | 3.06% |
| 2019 | 2.73% | 3.06% |
| 2018 | 2.73% | 3.17% |
| 2017 | 2.76% | 3.24% |
| 2016 | 2.74% | 3.22% |
| 2015 | 2.72% | 3.18% |
| 2014 | 2.72% | 3.21% |
| 2013 | 2.76% | 2.96% |
| 2012 | 2.84% | 2.96% |
| 2011 | 2.88% | 3.29% |
| 2010 | 2.88% | 3.3% |
| 2009 | 2.88% | 3.31% |
| 2008 | 2.94% | 3.34% |
| 2007 | 2.97% | 3.34% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 3.33% |
| 2005 | 3.01% | 3.33% |
| 2004 | 3.04% | 3.29% |
| 2003 | 3.07% | 3.23% |
| 2002 | 3.09% | 3.16% |
| 2001 | 3.08% | 3.05% |
| 2000 | 3.12% | 2.96% |
| 1999 | 3.17% | 2.82% |
| 1998 | 3.19% | 2.56% |
| 1997 | 3.26% | 2.3% |
| 1996 | 3.35% | 2.18% |
| 1995 | 3.46% | 2.19% |
| 1994 | 3.54% | 2.18% |
| 1993 | 3.58% | 2.11% |
| 1992 | 4.3% | 2.04% |
| 1991 | 4.43% | 2.01% |
| 1990 | 3.77% | 1.99% |
| 1989 | 3.92% | 1.88% |
| 1988 | 3.98% | 1.76% |
| 1987 | 3.47% | 1.76% |
| 1986 | 3% | 1.87% |
| 1985 | 2.86% | 2.02% |
| 1984 | 2.64% | 2.17% |
| 1983 | 2.83% | 2.22% |
| 1982 | 3.96% | 2.18% |
| 1981 | 2.54% | 2.15% |
| 1980 | 0.55% | 2.1% |
| 1979 | 1.49% | 2.01% |
| 1978 | 1.71% | 1.96% |
| 1977 | 1.95% | 1.87% |
| 1976 | 2.56% | 1.81% |
| 1975 | 2.47% | 1.81% |
| 1974 | 2.62% | 1.79% |
| 1973 | 2.7% | 1.75% |
| 1972 | 2.71% | 1.66% |
| 1971 | 2.77% | 1.62% |
| 1970 | 2.79% | 1.6% |
| 1969 | 2.79% | 1.56% |
| 1968 | 2.8% | 1.54% |
| 1967 | 2.68% | 1.5% |
| 1966 | 2.64% | 1.49% |
| 1965 | 2.72% | 1.49% |
| 1964 | 2.67% | 1.48% |
| 1963 | 2.61% | 1.49% |
| 1962 | 2.55% | 1.49% |
| 1961 | 2.48% | 1.48% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/ethiopia/mali | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Ethiopia grew by 2.62%, while Mali's population grew by 2.98%.
Live population counters
|
Ethiopia
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
139917664
|
26143152
|
| Population rank | 10/197 | 58/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.69% | 0.32% |
| One net population change |
9.36 seconds
|
44.5 seconds
|
| One birth every |
7.68 seconds
|
33.1 seconds
|
| One death every |
41.1 seconds
|
2.56 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +9,228 | +1,944 |
| Annual growth/decline | +3,368,075 | +709,468 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.62% | +2.98% |
| Population growth rate rank | 25/197 | 15/197 |
| One migration net change every |
21.9 minutes
|
11 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +24,054 | -48,019 |
| Net migration rank | 31/196 | 173/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,168,455 | 545,323 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 53/195 | 76/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.9% | 2.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 157/195 | 131/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Ethiopia
|
Mali
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 24,054 | - | -48,019 |
| 2024 | - | 30,069 | - | -46,880 |
| 2023 | 3,338,649 | -11,996 | 746,398 | -39,953 |
| 2022 | 3,300,114 | -11,996 | 726,465 | -39,951 |
| 2021 | 3,204,673 | -1,377 | 703,674 | -22,210 |
| 2020 | 3,199,718 | 38,866 | 683,053 | -14,962 |
| 2019 | 3,132,780 | -10,807 | 667,110 | -44,373 |
| 2018 | 3,015,231 | 9,302 | 670,723 | -40,710 |
| 2017 | 2,899,143 | 71,766 | 661,973 | -33,942 |
| 2016 | 2,809,889 | 115,823 | 645,652 | -30,251 |
| 2015 | 2,713,529 | 62,785 | 630,006 | -48,872 |
| 2014 | 2,623,647 | 103,122 | 614,419 | -50,068 |
| 2013 | 2,546,020 | 80,955 | 597,887 | -40,951 |
| 2012 | 2,533,398 | 119,517 | 588,748 | -140,507 |
| 2011 | 2,527,811 | 116,793 | 570,899 | -43,160 |
| 2010 | 2,498,048 | 80,213 | 554,447 | -34,483 |
| 2009 | 2,467,118 | 16,315 | 533,730 | -34,383 |
| 2008 | 2,465,283 | -20,780 | 514,665 | -24,509 |
| 2007 | 2,436,753 | -381 | 495,800 | -19,945 |
| 2006 | 2,393,585 | -30,512 | 477,665 | -18,247 |
| 2005 | 2,353,375 | -44,421 | 460,964 | -17,413 |
| 2004 | 2,296,999 | -25,430 | 439,717 | -10,796 |
| 2003 | 2,231,223 | -13,744 | 417,766 | -11,768 |
| 2002 | 2,189,683 | -12,925 | 396,732 | -8,914 |
| 2001 | 2,137,791 | -19,063 | 376,472 | -12,507 |
| 2000 | 2,083,622 | -49,891 | 359,159 | -17,395 |
| 1999 | 2,010,987 | 29,142 | 343,705 | -21,702 |
| 1998 | 1,984,989 | -3,011 | 323,940 | -30,255 |
| 1997 | 1,945,112 | -9,119 | 308,429 | -55,978 |
| 1996 | 1,896,364 | 41,456 | 293,953 | -67,974 |
| 1995 | 1,831,068 | 91,727 | 285,598 | -67,763 |
| 1994 | 1,788,133 | 140,715 | 282,356 | -63,533 |
| 1993 | 1,734,851 | 141,545 | 274,480 | -68,816 |
| 1992 | 1,673,839 | 160,106 | 267,605 | -70,789 |
| 1991 | 1,579,416 | 859,737 | 261,656 | -77,172 |
| 1990 | 1,479,663 | 296,014 | 252,308 | -68,668 |
| 1989 | 1,441,769 | 242,614 | 249,929 | -75,771 |
| 1988 | 1,393,356 | 379,966 | 245,682 | -87,952 |
| 1987 | 1,356,853 | 251,387 | 238,871 | -90,940 |
| 1986 | 1,050,277 | 186,227 | 233,799 | -81,970 |
| 1985 | 997,050 | 157,476 | 224,734 | -63,347 |
| 1984 | 920,670 | 137,632 | 218,078 | -47,331 |
| 1983 | 863,472 | 68,022 | 211,795 | -34,132 |
| 1982 | 1,080,853 | 66,702 | 204,892 | -34,140 |
| 1981 | 1,018,838 | 628,135 | 198,227 | -34,130 |
| 1980 | 1,007,516 | -903,529 | 190,560 | -30,156 |
| 1979 | 987,203 | -711,455 | 182,449 | -32,353 |
| 1978 | 943,388 | -210,991 | 172,652 | -31,520 |
| 1977 | 929,381 | -527,133 | 165,071 | -28,853 |
| 1976 | 899,577 | -36,125 | 157,778 | -33,999 |
| 1975 | 801,425 | -42,540 | 150,222 | -26,572 |
| 1974 | 777,306 | -4,232 | 142,448 | -22,449 |
| 1973 | 807,535 | 347 | 135,801 | -19,137 |
| 1972 | 779,808 | -3,375 | 129,687 | -19,594 |
| 1971 | 787,047 | -14,510 | 123,591 | -22,127 |
| 1970 | 760,821 | 8,589 | 118,952 | -17,479 |
| 1969 | 736,428 | 7,258 | 114,361 | -18,302 |
| 1968 | 715,602 | 9,992 | 111,403 | -18,015 |
| 1967 | 695,283 | 14,437 | 107,650 | -16,900 |
| 1966 | 616,281 | 9,160 | 103,684 | -17,032 |
| 1965 | 642,359 | 16,348 | 100,451 | -13,662 |
| 1964 | 618,667 | 10,749 | 97,166 | -13,226 |
| 1963 | 590,998 | 9,418 | 95,055 | -11,951 |
| 1962 | 563,650 | 8,960 | 93,101 | -10,821 |
| 1961 | 538,518 | 6,938 | 91,115 | -10,139 |
| 1960 | 511,694 | 1,696 | 88,802 | -10,314 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/ethiopia/mali | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 98.8% of the population change in Ethiopia is from natural causes (a gain of 30,237,373 people) and 1.19% is from migration (a gain of 365,488 people). In Mali 94.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 6,749,473 people) and 5.13% is from migration (a loss of 365,292 people).
As of 2024, 1,168,455 residents or 0.9% of the population were not native-born in Ethiopia, compared to 545,323 people or 2.2% in Mali.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Ethiopia and Mali
|
Ethiopia
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 68.1 years | 61.1 years |
| Average age | 23.8 years | 21.3 years |
| Median age | 19.9 years | 16.7 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.1:49.9 | 50.5:49.5 |
| Fertility rate | 3.99 births per woman | 5.61 births per woman |
| Population density | 319 ppl/mi² | 55.1 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/ethiopia/mali | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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