The latest officially reported population of Afghanistan was 43,844,111 in 2025 vs 527,326 people in Cape Verde in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Afghanistan's population is 45,682,388 people compared to 530,853 in Cape Verde.
Population statistics:
- Afghanistan's population is 86.1 times bigger than Cape Verde's.
- Afghanistan is ranked the 36th most populous country in the world, while Cape Verde is the 169th.
- The countries together account for 0.56% of the world: 0.55% for Afghanistan vs 0.006% for Cape Verde.
- For the last 10 years, Afghanistan has had an average growth rate of +2.68% per year vs +0.26% in Cape Verde.
- Since 2006, the population of Afghanistan has increased from 25.4M people to 45.7M (79.7% growth), while Cape Verde has grown from 491K to 531K (8.18% growth).
Afghanistan vs Cape Verde: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Afghanistan
|
Cape Verde
|
|
| 2100 | 131,724,468 | 419,997 |
| 2099 | 131,066,750 | 424,272 |
| 2098 | 130,403,871 | 428,479 |
| 2097 | 129,730,117 | 432,755 |
| 2096 | 129,070,342 | 437,010 |
| 2095 | 128,396,829 | 441,329 |
| 2094 | 127,685,065 | 445,663 |
| 2093 | 126,942,174 | 450,029 |
| 2092 | 126,194,378 | 454,324 |
| 2091 | 125,433,421 | 458,616 |
| 2090 | 124,561,248 | 462,925 |
| 2089 | 123,768,926 | 467,304 |
| 2088 | 122,960,614 | 471,550 |
| 2087 | 122,074,409 | 475,770 |
| 2086 | 121,308,199 | 479,948 |
| 2085 | 120,413,992 | 484,130 |
| 2084 | 119,420,025 | 488,284 |
| 2083 | 118,560,008 | 492,265 |
| 2082 | 117,671,742 | 496,287 |
| 2081 | 116,771,980 | 500,248 |
| 2080 | 115,724,307 | 504,114 |
| 2079 | 114,561,305 | 507,910 |
| 2078 | 113,556,727 | 511,491 |
| 2077 | 112,455,804 | 514,982 |
| 2076 | 111,375,301 | 518,448 |
| 2075 | 110,333,033 | 521,841 |
| 2074 | 109,170,742 | 525,092 |
| 2073 | 107,895,475 | 528,231 |
| 2072 | 106,682,883 | 531,275 |
| 2071 | 105,504,989 | 534,138 |
| 2070 | 104,167,895 | 537,082 |
| 2069 | 102,902,233 | 539,993 |
| 2068 | 101,568,136 | 542,768 |
| 2067 | 100,320,548 | 545,560 |
| 2066 | 99,057,144 | 548,154 |
| 2065 | 97,655,437 | 550,545 |
| 2064 | 96,248,770 | 552,744 |
| 2063 | 94,892,092 | 554,888 |
| 2062 | 93,522,871 | 556,973 |
| 2061 | 92,260,642 | 558,855 |
| 2060 | 90,945,998 | 560,518 |
| 2059 | 89,663,478 | 562,114 |
| 2058 | 88,293,680 | 563,436 |
| 2057 | 86,865,803 | 564,587 |
| 2056 | 85,428,888 | 565,521 |
| 2055 | 84,023,782 | 566,347 |
| 2054 | 82,626,785 | 567,010 |
| 2053 | 81,236,203 | 567,363 |
| 2052 | 79,860,096 | 567,478 |
| 2051 | 78,595,977 | 567,476 |
| 2050 | 77,285,393 | 567,344 |
| 2049 | 75,819,307 | 567,002 |
| 2048 | 74,435,057 | 566,562 |
| 2047 | 73,075,297 | 566,027 |
| 2046 | 71,654,160 | 565,225 |
| 2045 | 70,310,871 | 564,268 |
| 2044 | 68,983,509 | 563,194 |
| 2043 | 67,616,795 | 562,030 |
| 2042 | 66,317,516 | 560,769 |
| 2041 | 64,937,760 | 559,386 |
| 2040 | 63,497,378 | 557,874 |
| 2039 | 62,092,429 | 556,224 |
| 2038 | 60,767,134 | 554,435 |
| 2037 | 59,418,629 | 552,627 |
| 2036 | 58,079,976 | 550,801 |
| 2035 | 56,769,901 | 548,853 |
| 2034 | 55,469,080 | 546,915 |
| 2033 | 54,103,368 | 545,056 |
| 2032 | 52,759,572 | 542,980 |
| 2031 | 51,403,105 | 540,984 |
| 2030 | 50,049,673 | 538,671 |
| 2029 | 48,739,663 | 536,441 |
| 2028 | 47,504,926 | 534,196 |
| 2027 | 46,283,055 | 531,944 |
| 2026 | 45,047,977 | 529,702 |
| 2025 | 43,844,111 | 527,326 |
| 2024 | 42,647,492 | 524,877 |
| 2023 | 41,454,761 | 522,331 |
| 2022 | 40,578,842 | 519,741 |
| 2021 | 40,000,412 | 516,649 |
| 2020 | 39,068,979 | 514,679 |
| 2019 | 37,856,121 | 514,104 |
| 2018 | 36,743,039 | 513,415 |
| 2017 | 35,688,935 | 512,893 |
| 2016 | 34,700,612 | 512,554 |
| 2015 | 33,831,764 | 512,394 |
| 2014 | 32,792,523 | 512,326 |
| 2013 | 31,622,704 | 512,225 |
| 2012 | 30,560,034 | 511,955 |
| 2011 | 29,347,708 | 511,447 |
| 2010 | 28,284,089 | 509,784 |
| 2009 | 27,466,101 | 506,141 |
| 2008 | 26,482,622 | 501,355 |
| 2007 | 25,909,852 | 496,190 |
| 2006 | 25,424,094 | 490,728 |
| 2005 | 24,404,567 | 485,115 |
| 2004 | 23,560,654 | 479,370 |
| 2003 | 22,733,049 | 473,383 |
| 2002 | 21,378,117 | 467,046 |
| 2001 | 20,284,307 | 460,293 |
| 2000 | 20,130,327 | 453,317 |
| 1999 | 19,887,785 | 446,519 |
| 1998 | 19,159,996 | 439,784 |
| 1997 | 18,452,091 | 432,798 |
| 1996 | 17,763,266 | 425,581 |
| 1995 | 17,065,836 | 418,104 |
| 1994 | 16,250,794 | 410,228 |
| 1993 | 14,943,172 | 401,965 |
| 1992 | 13,278,974 | 393,415 |
| 1991 | 12,238,879 | 384,586 |
| 1990 | 12,045,660 | 375,428 |
| 1989 | 11,874,088 | 367,803 |
| 1988 | 11,523,298 | 362,329 |
| 1987 | 11,387,818 | 357,302 |
| 1986 | 11,420,074 | 352,312 |
| 1985 | 11,426,852 | 347,365 |
| 1984 | 11,190,221 | 342,505 |
| 1983 | 10,917,982 | 337,654 |
| 1982 | 10,991,378 | 332,724 |
| 1981 | 11,937,581 | 327,846 |
| 1980 | 13,169,311 | 323,301 |
| 1979 | 13,655,567 | 319,480 |
| 1978 | 13,611,441 | 316,147 |
| 1977 | 13,340,756 | 312,834 |
| 1976 | 13,059,851 | 309,455 |
| 1975 | 12,773,954 | 305,847 |
| 1974 | 12,469,127 | 302,570 |
| 1973 | 12,157,999 | 299,881 |
| 1972 | 11,853,696 | 297,386 |
| 1971 | 11,567,667 | 294,046 |
| 1970 | 11,290,128 | 287,885 |
| 1969 | 11,017,409 | 279,248 |
| 1968 | 10,756,922 | 270,164 |
| 1967 | 10,505,959 | 261,404 |
| 1966 | 10,266,395 | 252,976 |
| 1965 | 10,036,008 | 244,856 |
| 1964 | 9,814,318 | 237,006 |
| 1963 | 9,604,487 | 229,373 |
| 1962 | 9,404,406 | 221,919 |
| 1961 | 9,214,083 | 215,087 |
| 1960 | 9,035,043 | 210,024 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/cape-verde | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Afghanistan increased by 9,276,518 people (a 36.5% growth), while Cape Verde gained 21,826 people (a 4.45% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Afghanistan gained 10,981,776 people (a 31.6% growth), while Cape Verde's population increased by 18,299 people (a 3.57% growth).
Afghanistan was ranked 45th most populous country in 2006 and is 36th in 2026. Cape Verde was ranked 166th in 2006 and ranked 169th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Afghanistan's population will grow by 69.2% to 77,285,393 people with a rank change from 36th to 25th. The population of Cape Verde will increase by 6.87% to 567,344 people and rank change from 169th to 168th.
Afghanistan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 132M people compared to the peak of 567K people in 2052 for Cape Verde.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Cape Verde
|
|
| 2100 | 0.5% | -1.01% |
| 2099 | 0.51% | -0.98% |
| 2098 | 0.52% | -0.99% |
| 2097 | 0.51% | -0.97% |
| 2096 | 0.52% | -0.98% |
| 2095 | 0.56% | -0.97% |
| 2094 | 0.59% | -0.97% |
| 2093 | 0.59% | -0.95% |
| 2092 | 0.61% | -0.94% |
| 2091 | 0.7% | -0.93% |
| 2090 | 0.64% | -0.94% |
| 2089 | 0.66% | -0.9% |
| 2088 | 0.73% | -0.89% |
| 2087 | 0.63% | -0.87% |
| 2086 | 0.74% | -0.86% |
| 2085 | 0.83% | -0.85% |
| 2084 | 0.73% | -0.81% |
| 2083 | 0.75% | -0.81% |
| 2082 | 0.77% | -0.79% |
| 2081 | 0.91% | -0.77% |
| 2080 | 1.02% | -0.75% |
| 2079 | 0.88% | -0.7% |
| 2078 | 0.98% | -0.68% |
| 2077 | 0.97% | -0.67% |
| 2076 | 0.94% | -0.65% |
| 2075 | 1.06% | -0.62% |
| 2074 | 1.18% | -0.59% |
| 2073 | 1.14% | -0.57% |
| 2072 | 1.12% | -0.54% |
| 2071 | 1.28% | -0.55% |
| 2070 | 1.23% | -0.54% |
| 2069 | 1.31% | -0.51% |
| 2068 | 1.24% | -0.51% |
| 2067 | 1.28% | -0.47% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | -0.43% |
| 2065 | 1.46% | -0.4% |
| 2064 | 1.43% | -0.39% |
| 2063 | 1.46% | -0.37% |
| 2062 | 1.37% | -0.34% |
| 2061 | 1.45% | -0.3% |
| 2060 | 1.43% | -0.28% |
| 2059 | 1.55% | -0.23% |
| 2058 | 1.64% | -0.2% |
| 2057 | 1.68% | -0.17% |
| 2056 | 1.67% | -0.15% |
| 2055 | 1.69% | -0.12% |
| 2054 | 1.71% | -0.06% |
| 2053 | 1.72% | -0.02% |
| 2052 | 1.61% | 0% |
| 2051 | 1.7% | 0.02% |
| 2050 | 1.93% | 0.06% |
| 2049 | 1.86% | 0.08% |
| 2048 | 1.86% | 0.09% |
| 2047 | 1.98% | 0.14% |
| 2046 | 1.91% | 0.17% |
| 2045 | 1.92% | 0.19% |
| 2044 | 2.02% | 0.21% |
| 2043 | 1.96% | 0.22% |
| 2042 | 2.12% | 0.25% |
| 2041 | 2.27% | 0.27% |
| 2040 | 2.26% | 0.3% |
| 2039 | 2.18% | 0.32% |
| 2038 | 2.27% | 0.33% |
| 2037 | 2.3% | 0.33% |
| 2036 | 2.31% | 0.35% |
| 2035 | 2.35% | 0.35% |
| 2034 | 2.52% | 0.34% |
| 2033 | 2.55% | 0.38% |
| 2032 | 2.64% | 0.37% |
| 2031 | 2.7% | 0.43% |
| 2030 | 2.69% | 0.42% |
| 2029 | 2.6% | 0.42% |
| 2028 | 2.64% | 0.42% |
| 2027 | 2.74% | 0.42% |
| 2026 | 2.75% | 0.45% |
| 2025 | 2.81% | 0.47% |
| 2024 | 2.88% | 0.49% |
| 2023 | 2.16% | 0.5% |
| 2022 | 1.45% | 0.6% |
| 2021 | 2.38% | 0.38% |
| 2020 | 3.2% | 0.11% |
| 2019 | 3.03% | 0.13% |
| 2018 | 2.95% | 0.1% |
| 2017 | 2.85% | 0.07% |
| 2016 | 2.57% | 0.03% |
| 2015 | 3.17% | 0.01% |
| 2014 | 3.7% | 0.02% |
| 2013 | 3.48% | 0.05% |
| 2012 | 4.13% | 0.1% |
| 2011 | 3.76% | 0.33% |
| 2010 | 2.98% | 0.72% |
| 2009 | 3.71% | 0.95% |
| 2008 | 2.21% | 1.04% |
| 2007 | 1.91% | 1.11% |
| 2006 | 4.18% | 1.16% |
| 2005 | 3.58% | 1.2% |
| 2004 | 3.64% | 1.26% |
| 2003 | 6.34% | 1.36% |
| 2002 | 5.39% | 1.47% |
| 2001 | 0.76% | 1.54% |
| 2000 | 1.22% | 1.52% |
| 1999 | 3.8% | 1.53% |
| 1998 | 3.84% | 1.61% |
| 1997 | 3.88% | 1.7% |
| 1996 | 4.09% | 1.79% |
| 1995 | 5.02% | 1.92% |
| 1994 | 8.75% | 2.06% |
| 1993 | 12.5% | 2.17% |
| 1992 | 8.5% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | 1.6% | 2.44% |
| 1990 | 1.44% | 2.07% |
| 1989 | 3.04% | 1.51% |
| 1988 | 1.19% | 1.41% |
| 1987 | -0.28% | 1.42% |
| 1986 | -0.06% | 1.42% |
| 1985 | 2.11% | 1.42% |
| 1984 | 2.49% | 1.44% |
| 1983 | -0.67% | 1.48% |
| 1982 | -7.93% | 1.49% |
| 1981 | -9.35% | 1.41% |
| 1980 | -3.56% | 1.2% |
| 1979 | 0.32% | 1.05% |
| 1978 | 2.03% | 1.06% |
| 1977 | 2.15% | 1.09% |
| 1976 | 2.24% | 1.18% |
| 1975 | 2.44% | 1.08% |
| 1974 | 2.56% | 0.9% |
| 1973 | 2.57% | 0.84% |
| 1972 | 2.47% | 1.14% |
| 1971 | 2.46% | 2.14% |
| 1970 | 2.48% | 3.09% |
| 1969 | 2.42% | 3.36% |
| 1968 | 2.39% | 3.35% |
| 1967 | 2.33% | 3.33% |
| 1966 | 2.3% | 3.32% |
| 1965 | 2.26% | 3.31% |
| 1964 | 2.18% | 3.33% |
| 1963 | 2.13% | 3.36% |
| 1962 | 2.07% | 3.18% |
| 1961 | 1.98% | 2.41% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/cape-verde | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Afghanistan grew by 2.81%, while Cape Verde's population grew by 0.47%.
Live population counters
|
Afghanistan
|
Cape Verde
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
45682388
|
530853
|
| Population rank | 36/197 | 169/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.55% | 0.006% |
| One net population change |
26.4 seconds
|
3.59 hours
|
| One birth every |
21.1 seconds
|
1.37 hours
|
| One death every |
2.16 minutes
|
3.28 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | +3,278 | +7 |
| Annual growth/decline | +1,196,619 | +2,449 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.81% | +0.47% |
| Population growth rate rank | 20/197 | 132/197 |
| One migration net change every |
7.08 minutes
|
6.84 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -74,404 | -1,284 |
| Net migration rank | 179/196 | 94/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 98,110 | 16,515 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 131/195 | 171/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.2% | 3.1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 186/195 | 116/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Afghanistan
|
Cape Verde
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -74,404 | - | -1,284 |
| 2024 | 1,249,785 | -44,089 | 3,741 | -1,209 |
| 2023 | 1,228,719 | -48,958 | 3,798 | -1,226 |
| 2022 | 1,219,475 | -647,402 | 3,864 | -1,253 |
| 2021 | 1,133,611 | -548,784 | 3,575 | 0 |
| 2020 | 1,134,407 | 143,634 | 3,734 | -3,362 |
| 2019 | 1,138,485 | 9,159 | 4,773 | -4,001 |
| 2018 | 1,115,262 | -36,753 | 5,282 | -4,679 |
| 2017 | 1,101,218 | -71,491 | 5,993 | -5,550 |
| 2016 | 1,090,016 | -143,049 | 6,238 | -6,004 |
| 2015 | 1,077,068 | -286,314 | 6,314 | -6,226 |
| 2014 | 1,053,788 | 233,913 | 6,622 | -6,578 |
| 2013 | 1,033,778 | 18,119 | 6,780 | -6,622 |
| 2012 | 1,004,814 | 68,628 | 7,157 | -6,779 |
| 2011 | 966,743 | 384,486 | 7,874 | -7,226 |
| 2010 | 943,473 | -167,460 | 7,746 | -5,069 |
| 2009 | 920,581 | -60,602 | 7,216 | -2,618 |
| 2008 | 891,246 | 215,753 | 7,313 | -2,340 |
| 2007 | 889,848 | -851,298 | 7,559 | -2,200 |
| 2006 | 875,301 | 57,673 | 7,980 | -2,408 |
| 2005 | 855,112 | 250,971 | 8,428 | -2,768 |
| 2004 | 850,940 | -269,194 | 8,825 | -2,993 |
| 2003 | 826,165 | 247,317 | 9,037 | -2,898 |
| 2002 | 776,048 | 860,349 | 9,278 | -2,751 |
| 2001 | 764,090 | -212,872 | 9,510 | -2,528 |
| 2000 | 782,727 | -1,025,973 | 9,752 | -2,772 |
| 1999 | 760,727 | -32,400 | 9,989 | -3,371 |
| 1998 | 719,860 | 7,380 | 10,187 | -3,332 |
| 1997 | 709,778 | -21,215 | 10,323 | -3,211 |
| 1996 | 685,005 | 4,072 | 10,613 | -3,297 |
| 1995 | 653,280 | 52,505 | 10,764 | -3,125 |
| 1994 | 609,096 | 315,206 | 11,410 | -3,299 |
| 1993 | 541,257 | 1,149,684 | 11,805 | -3,393 |
| 1992 | 440,132 | 1,197,329 | 11,915 | -3,231 |
| 1991 | 409,954 | 32,782 | 11,899 | -2,924 |
| 1990 | 402,433 | -458,737 | 11,738 | -2,398 |
| 1989 | 381,158 | 18,296 | 11,608 | -5,704 |
| 1988 | 358,397 | -56,263 | 11,523 | -6,474 |
| 1987 | 314,361 | -345,535 | 11,426 | -6,418 |
| 1986 | 310,066 | -343,397 | 11,295 | -6,314 |
| 1985 | 228,469 | -208,685 | 11,105 | -6,192 |
| 1984 | 205,262 | 248,224 | 10,835 | -6,035 |
| 1983 | 263,778 | -172,797 | 10,736 | -5,834 |
| 1982 | 263,210 | -500,998 | 10,597 | -5,629 |
| 1981 | 343,468 | -1,998,086 | 10,470 | -5,684 |
| 1980 | 365,396 | -1,174,239 | 10,276 | -5,980 |
| 1979 | 361,750 | -525,413 | 10,223 | -6,875 |
| 1978 | 369,101 | -117,186 | 10,152 | -6,833 |
| 1977 | 372,567 | -83,115 | 10,036 | -6,730 |
| 1976 | 357,775 | -85,430 | 9,833 | -6,389 |
| 1975 | 343,850 | -44,418 | 9,601 | -5,829 |
| 1974 | 330,232 | -20,009 | 9,295 | -6,512 |
| 1973 | 315,062 | -3,030 | 9,003 | -6,410 |
| 1972 | 300,633 | -4,050 | 8,716 | -6,316 |
| 1971 | 288,267 | -12,801 | 8,359 | -4,085 |
| 1970 | 275,129 | 4,458 | 7,878 | 172 |
| 1969 | 263,823 | 2,029 | 7,625 | 1,608 |
| 1968 | 251,798 | 3,333 | 7,408 | 1,521 |
| 1967 | 239,967 | 6,824 | 7,214 | 1,376 |
| 1966 | 228,786 | 3,563 | 7,039 | 1,230 |
| 1965 | 217,741 | 10,695 | 6,877 | 1,093 |
| 1964 | 207,867 | 7,079 | 6,725 | 1,006 |
| 1963 | 198,035 | 6,681 | 6,589 | 945 |
| 1962 | 188,427 | 7,016 | 6,468 | 904 |
| 1961 | 179,094 | 6,109 | 6,247 | 49 |
| 1960 | 170,257 | 2,606 | 6,098 | -2,267 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/cape-verde | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 87.3% of the population change in Afghanistan is from natural causes (a gain of 11,488,046 people) and 12.7% is from migration (a loss of 1,674,047 people). In Cape Verde 58.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 47,312 people) and 41.5% is from migration (a loss of 33,510 people).
As of 2024, 98,110 residents or 0.2% of the population were not native-born in Afghanistan, compared to 16,515 people or 3.1% in Cape Verde.
Biggest cities by population
|
Afghanistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Kabul | 5.33M |
| Kandahar | 614K |
| Herat | 556K |
| Mazar-i-Sharif | 469K |
| Kunduz | 357K |
| Jalalabad | 263K |
| Lashkargah | 202K |
| Sheberghan | 176K |
| Khost | 160K |
| Ghazni | 143K |
|
Cape Verde
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Praia | 159K |
| Mindelo | 70.5K |
| Assomada | 12K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Afghanistan and Cape Verde
|
Afghanistan
|
Cape Verde
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 66.8 years | 76.6 years |
| Average age | 22.2 years | 31.9 years |
| Median age | 18.3 years | 30 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.5:49.5 | 50.9:49.1 |
| Fertility rate | 4.76 births per woman | 1.51 births per woman |
| Population density | 178.9 ppl/mi² | 340 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/afghanistan/cape-verde | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.