The latest officially reported population of Malaysia was 35,557,673 in 2024 vs 3,524,788 people in Mongolia in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Malaysia's population is 36,512,221 people compared to 3,620,317 in Mongolia.
Population statistics:
- Malaysia's population is 10.1 times bigger than Mongolia's.
- Malaysia is ranked the 45th most populous country in the world, while Mongolia is the 132nd.
- The countries together account for 0.48% of the world: 0.44% for Malaysia vs 0.04% for Mongolia.
- For the last 10 years, Malaysia has had an average growth rate of +1.5% per year vs +1.79% in Mongolia.
- Since 2006, the population of Malaysia has increased from 26.4M people to 36.5M (38.2% growth), while Mongolia has grown from 2.57M to 3.62M (41% growth).
Malaysia vs Mongolia: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Malaysia
|
Mongolia
|
|
| 2100 | 44,353,615 | 5,629,299 |
| 2099 | 44,467,475 | 5,623,066 |
| 2098 | 44,579,971 | 5,615,212 |
| 2097 | 44,695,979 | 5,606,511 |
| 2096 | 44,814,885 | 5,597,140 |
| 2095 | 44,932,404 | 5,585,917 |
| 2094 | 45,047,479 | 5,574,522 |
| 2093 | 45,165,126 | 5,562,381 |
| 2092 | 45,278,674 | 5,549,290 |
| 2091 | 45,390,002 | 5,535,819 |
| 2090 | 45,501,495 | 5,521,210 |
| 2089 | 45,610,046 | 5,505,877 |
| 2088 | 45,717,882 | 5,490,024 |
| 2087 | 45,823,085 | 5,474,226 |
| 2086 | 45,926,712 | 5,458,465 |
| 2085 | 46,020,742 | 5,441,196 |
| 2084 | 46,111,490 | 5,423,740 |
| 2083 | 46,202,286 | 5,405,563 |
| 2082 | 46,284,929 | 5,387,443 |
| 2081 | 46,359,700 | 5,368,417 |
| 2080 | 46,435,482 | 5,348,645 |
| 2079 | 46,496,102 | 5,328,073 |
| 2078 | 46,549,167 | 5,306,120 |
| 2077 | 46,594,188 | 5,285,225 |
| 2076 | 46,619,045 | 5,263,067 |
| 2075 | 46,643,115 | 5,240,553 |
| 2074 | 46,658,350 | 5,217,755 |
| 2073 | 46,670,848 | 5,194,484 |
| 2072 | 46,670,426 | 5,171,399 |
| 2071 | 46,660,436 | 5,147,939 |
| 2070 | 46,645,623 | 5,123,730 |
| 2069 | 46,623,238 | 5,100,078 |
| 2068 | 46,600,060 | 5,075,923 |
| 2067 | 46,569,264 | 5,051,712 |
| 2066 | 46,530,377 | 5,026,451 |
| 2065 | 46,481,890 | 5,001,559 |
| 2064 | 46,417,369 | 4,977,095 |
| 2063 | 46,350,674 | 4,952,721 |
| 2062 | 46,272,105 | 4,928,284 |
| 2061 | 46,178,092 | 4,903,616 |
| 2060 | 46,075,877 | 4,877,808 |
| 2059 | 45,958,718 | 4,851,900 |
| 2058 | 45,837,407 | 4,825,704 |
| 2057 | 45,707,213 | 4,798,069 |
| 2056 | 45,566,357 | 4,770,106 |
| 2055 | 45,418,953 | 4,741,145 |
| 2054 | 45,252,995 | 4,710,703 |
| 2053 | 45,069,089 | 4,678,720 |
| 2052 | 44,873,927 | 4,645,641 |
| 2051 | 44,668,767 | 4,611,080 |
| 2050 | 44,445,677 | 4,575,698 |
| 2049 | 44,217,593 | 4,538,221 |
| 2048 | 43,974,925 | 4,499,652 |
| 2047 | 43,712,325 | 4,459,534 |
| 2046 | 43,438,283 | 4,418,220 |
| 2045 | 43,157,909 | 4,375,263 |
| 2044 | 42,866,716 | 4,332,061 |
| 2043 | 42,557,941 | 4,288,836 |
| 2042 | 42,239,980 | 4,244,827 |
| 2041 | 41,922,379 | 4,200,917 |
| 2040 | 41,598,231 | 4,157,409 |
| 2039 | 41,270,953 | 4,114,122 |
| 2038 | 40,929,067 | 4,071,754 |
| 2037 | 40,584,773 | 4,029,761 |
| 2036 | 40,234,128 | 3,988,994 |
| 2035 | 39,876,375 | 3,949,374 |
| 2034 | 39,515,857 | 3,910,459 |
| 2033 | 39,152,086 | 3,872,505 |
| 2032 | 38,772,414 | 3,835,471 |
| 2031 | 38,386,293 | 3,799,194 |
| 2030 | 37,995,617 | 3,762,550 |
| 2029 | 37,606,753 | 3,725,673 |
| 2028 | 37,207,852 | 3,687,959 |
| 2027 | 36,806,585 | 3,649,213 |
| 2026 | 36,403,076 | 3,609,604 |
| 2025 | 35,987,113 | 3,568,196 |
| 2024 | 35,557,673 | 3,524,788 |
| 2023 | 35,126,298 | 3,481,145 |
| 2022 | 34,695,493 | 3,433,748 |
| 2021 | 34,282,399 | 3,383,741 |
| 2020 | 33,889,558 | 3,327,204 |
| 2019 | 33,440,596 | 3,267,673 |
| 2018 | 32,910,967 | 3,208,189 |
| 2017 | 32,355,644 | 3,148,917 |
| 2016 | 31,789,685 | 3,088,856 |
| 2015 | 31,232,798 | 3,026,864 |
| 2014 | 30,696,137 | 2,963,113 |
| 2013 | 30,174,265 | 2,899,011 |
| 2012 | 29,662,831 | 2,839,705 |
| 2011 | 29,162,039 | 2,786,317 |
| 2010 | 28,655,776 | 2,738,622 |
| 2009 | 28,124,778 | 2,691,115 |
| 2008 | 27,570,059 | 2,643,201 |
| 2007 | 26,998,389 | 2,601,850 |
| 2006 | 26,417,909 | 2,567,168 |
| 2005 | 25,836,071 | 2,536,407 |
| 2004 | 25,256,772 | 2,508,412 |
| 2003 | 24,679,602 | 2,480,374 |
| 2002 | 24,102,477 | 2,449,027 |
| 2001 | 23,526,538 | 2,417,751 |
| 2000 | 22,967,816 | 2,388,299 |
| 1999 | 22,435,531 | 2,356,813 |
| 1998 | 21,906,713 | 2,323,809 |
| 1997 | 21,375,218 | 2,291,750 |
| 1996 | 20,850,087 | 2,259,507 |
| 1995 | 20,330,599 | 2,224,945 |
| 1994 | 19,820,446 | 2,189,395 |
| 1993 | 19,322,664 | 2,165,130 |
| 1992 | 18,834,572 | 2,167,790 |
| 1991 | 18,342,464 | 2,165,342 |
| 1990 | 17,833,171 | 2,098,710 |
| 1989 | 17,314,997 | 2,124,185 |
| 1988 | 16,796,605 | 2,076,322 |
| 1987 | 16,276,737 | 2,022,800 |
| 1986 | 15,760,419 | 1,970,965 |
| 1985 | 15,252,258 | 1,921,514 |
| 1984 | 14,759,009 | 1,874,349 |
| 1983 | 14,285,907 | 1,829,092 |
| 1982 | 13,832,798 | 1,785,364 |
| 1981 | 13,399,203 | 1,742,857 |
| 1980 | 12,983,363 | 1,701,335 |
| 1979 | 12,627,862 | 1,660,659 |
| 1978 | 12,328,157 | 1,619,468 |
| 1977 | 12,035,713 | 1,576,245 |
| 1976 | 11,750,097 | 1,531,945 |
| 1975 | 11,471,914 | 1,488,296 |
| 1974 | 11,200,906 | 1,446,050 |
| 1973 | 10,935,621 | 1,405,502 |
| 1972 | 10,676,835 | 1,366,821 |
| 1971 | 10,423,453 | 1,330,071 |
| 1970 | 10,178,802 | 1,295,272 |
| 1969 | 9,947,597 | 1,262,284 |
| 1968 | 9,725,281 | 1,229,930 |
| 1967 | 9,507,099 | 1,196,996 |
| 1966 | 9,284,688 | 1,163,754 |
| 1965 | 9,056,408 | 1,131,177 |
| 1964 | 8,828,406 | 1,100,234 |
| 1963 | 8,602,160 | 1,071,362 |
| 1962 | 8,380,172 | 1,041,444 |
| 1961 | 8,164,443 | 1,009,284 |
| 1960 | 7,956,197 | 977,595 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malaysia/mongolia | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Malaysia increased by 5,371,776 people (a 20.3% growth), while Mongolia gained 521,688 people (a 20.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Malaysia gained 4,722,536 people (a 14.9% growth), while Mongolia's population increased by 531,461 people (a 17.2% growth).
Malaysia was ranked 44th most populous country in 2006 and is 45th in 2026. Mongolia was ranked 137th in 2006 and ranked 132nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Malaysia's population will grow by 21.7% to 44,445,677 people with a rank change from 45th to 49th. The population of Mongolia will increase by 26.4% to 4,575,698 people and rank change from 132nd to 130th.
Malaysia is projected to reach its peak in 2073 at 46.7M people compared to the peak of 5.63M people in 2100 for Mongolia.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Malaysia
|
Mongolia
|
|
| 2100 | -0.26% | 0.11% |
| 2099 | -0.25% | 0.14% |
| 2098 | -0.26% | 0.16% |
| 2097 | -0.27% | 0.17% |
| 2096 | -0.26% | 0.2% |
| 2095 | -0.26% | 0.2% |
| 2094 | -0.26% | 0.22% |
| 2093 | -0.25% | 0.24% |
| 2092 | -0.25% | 0.24% |
| 2091 | -0.25% | 0.26% |
| 2090 | -0.24% | 0.28% |
| 2089 | -0.24% | 0.29% |
| 2088 | -0.23% | 0.29% |
| 2087 | -0.23% | 0.29% |
| 2086 | -0.2% | 0.32% |
| 2085 | -0.2% | 0.32% |
| 2084 | -0.2% | 0.34% |
| 2083 | -0.18% | 0.34% |
| 2082 | -0.16% | 0.35% |
| 2081 | -0.16% | 0.37% |
| 2080 | -0.13% | 0.39% |
| 2079 | -0.11% | 0.41% |
| 2078 | -0.1% | 0.4% |
| 2077 | -0.05% | 0.42% |
| 2076 | -0.05% | 0.43% |
| 2075 | -0.03% | 0.44% |
| 2074 | -0.03% | 0.45% |
| 2073 | 0.001% | 0.45% |
| 2072 | 0.02% | 0.46% |
| 2071 | 0.03% | 0.47% |
| 2070 | 0.05% | 0.46% |
| 2069 | 0.05% | 0.48% |
| 2068 | 0.07% | 0.48% |
| 2067 | 0.08% | 0.5% |
| 2066 | 0.1% | 0.5% |
| 2065 | 0.14% | 0.49% |
| 2064 | 0.14% | 0.49% |
| 2063 | 0.17% | 0.5% |
| 2062 | 0.2% | 0.5% |
| 2061 | 0.22% | 0.53% |
| 2060 | 0.25% | 0.53% |
| 2059 | 0.26% | 0.54% |
| 2058 | 0.28% | 0.58% |
| 2057 | 0.31% | 0.59% |
| 2056 | 0.32% | 0.61% |
| 2055 | 0.37% | 0.65% |
| 2054 | 0.41% | 0.68% |
| 2053 | 0.43% | 0.71% |
| 2052 | 0.46% | 0.75% |
| 2051 | 0.5% | 0.77% |
| 2050 | 0.52% | 0.83% |
| 2049 | 0.55% | 0.86% |
| 2048 | 0.6% | 0.9% |
| 2047 | 0.63% | 0.94% |
| 2046 | 0.65% | 0.98% |
| 2045 | 0.68% | 1% |
| 2044 | 0.73% | 1.01% |
| 2043 | 0.75% | 1.04% |
| 2042 | 0.76% | 1.05% |
| 2041 | 0.78% | 1.05% |
| 2040 | 0.79% | 1.05% |
| 2039 | 0.84% | 1.04% |
| 2038 | 0.85% | 1.04% |
| 2037 | 0.87% | 1.02% |
| 2036 | 0.9% | 1% |
| 2035 | 0.91% | 1% |
| 2034 | 0.93% | 0.98% |
| 2033 | 0.98% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | 1.01% | 0.95% |
| 2031 | 1.03% | 0.97% |
| 2030 | 1.03% | 0.99% |
| 2029 | 1.07% | 1.02% |
| 2028 | 1.09% | 1.06% |
| 2027 | 1.11% | 1.1% |
| 2026 | 1.16% | 1.16% |
| 2025 | 1.21% | 1.23% |
| 2024 | 1.23% | 1.25% |
| 2023 | 1.24% | 1.38% |
| 2022 | 1.2% | 1.48% |
| 2021 | 1.16% | 1.7% |
| 2020 | 1.34% | 1.82% |
| 2019 | 1.61% | 1.85% |
| 2018 | 1.72% | 1.88% |
| 2017 | 1.78% | 1.94% |
| 2016 | 1.78% | 2.05% |
| 2015 | 1.75% | 2.15% |
| 2014 | 1.73% | 2.21% |
| 2013 | 1.72% | 2.09% |
| 2012 | 1.72% | 1.92% |
| 2011 | 1.77% | 1.74% |
| 2010 | 1.89% | 1.77% |
| 2009 | 2.01% | 1.81% |
| 2008 | 2.12% | 1.59% |
| 2007 | 2.2% | 1.35% |
| 2006 | 2.25% | 1.21% |
| 2005 | 2.29% | 1.12% |
| 2004 | 2.34% | 1.13% |
| 2003 | 2.39% | 1.28% |
| 2002 | 2.45% | 1.29% |
| 2001 | 2.43% | 1.23% |
| 2000 | 2.37% | 1.34% |
| 1999 | 2.41% | 1.42% |
| 1998 | 2.49% | 1.4% |
| 1997 | 2.52% | 1.43% |
| 1996 | 2.56% | 1.55% |
| 1995 | 2.57% | 1.62% |
| 1994 | 2.58% | 1.12% |
| 1993 | 2.59% | -0.12% |
| 1992 | 2.68% | 0.11% |
| 1991 | 2.86% | 3.17% |
| 1990 | 2.99% | -1.2% |
| 1989 | 3.09% | 2.31% |
| 1988 | 3.19% | 2.65% |
| 1987 | 3.28% | 2.63% |
| 1986 | 3.33% | 2.57% |
| 1985 | 3.34% | 2.52% |
| 1984 | 3.31% | 2.47% |
| 1983 | 3.28% | 2.45% |
| 1982 | 3.24% | 2.44% |
| 1981 | 3.2% | 2.44% |
| 1980 | 2.82% | 2.45% |
| 1979 | 2.43% | 2.54% |
| 1978 | 2.43% | 2.74% |
| 1977 | 2.43% | 2.89% |
| 1976 | 2.42% | 2.93% |
| 1975 | 2.42% | 2.92% |
| 1974 | 2.43% | 2.88% |
| 1973 | 2.42% | 2.83% |
| 1972 | 2.43% | 2.76% |
| 1971 | 2.4% | 2.69% |
| 1970 | 2.32% | 2.61% |
| 1969 | 2.29% | 2.63% |
| 1968 | 2.29% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 2.4% | 2.86% |
| 1966 | 2.52% | 2.88% |
| 1965 | 2.58% | 2.81% |
| 1964 | 2.63% | 2.69% |
| 1963 | 2.65% | 2.87% |
| 1962 | 2.64% | 3.19% |
| 1961 | 2.62% | 3.24% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malaysia/mongolia | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Malaysia grew by 1.23%, while Mongolia's population grew by 1.25%.
Live population counters
|
Malaysia
|
Mongolia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
36512221
|
3620317
|
| Population rank | 45/197 | 132/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.44% | 0.04% |
| One net population change |
1.22 minutes
|
12 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.21 minutes
|
7.95 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.9 minutes
|
27.5 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,182 | +120 |
| Annual growth/decline | +431,375 | +43,643 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.23% | +1.25% |
| Population growth rate rank | 89/197 | 86/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.16 minutes
|
4.63 days
|
| Annual migration change | +166,615 | +79 |
| Net migration rank | 7/196 | 74/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,806,514 | 22,589 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 18/195 | 169/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 10.7% | 0.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 62/195 | 171/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Malaysia
|
Mongolia
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 166,615 | - | 79 |
| 2024 | - | 174,770 | - | 83 |
| 2023 | 254,806 | 181,071 | 46,995 | 0 |
| 2022 | 237,560 | 188,154 | 47,730 | 0 |
| 2021 | 212,002 | 188,506 | 52,109 | 0 |
| 2020 | 283,282 | 101,907 | 60,888 | 0 |
| 2019 | 309,426 | 203,284 | 61,433 | 8,660 |
| 2018 | 324,568 | 221,965 | 60,635 | 7,811 |
| 2017 | 336,434 | 227,677 | 57,940 | 6,831 |
| 2016 | 345,681 | 222,141 | 62,086 | 5,633 |
| 2015 | 358,302 | 187,663 | 64,473 | 4,307 |
| 2014 | 367,587 | 159,791 | 66,078 | 2,921 |
| 2013 | 366,738 | 149,637 | 62,618 | 1,505 |
| 2012 | 371,497 | 134,975 | 55,942 | 351 |
| 2011 | 372,836 | 122,269 | 50,711 | -505 |
| 2010 | 360,260 | 157,164 | 44,914 | -6,444 |
| 2009 | 366,157 | 178,410 | 48,876 | -15,007 |
| 2008 | 362,380 | 202,481 | 45,843 | -17,277 |
| 2007 | 348,711 | 229,784 | 39,636 | -15,220 |
| 2006 | 349,509 | 232,971 | 33,609 | -11,934 |
| 2005 | 355,324 | 225,864 | 29,290 | -8,924 |
| 2004 | 365,138 | 212,278 | 28,418 | -8,148 |
| 2003 | 377,425 | 199,510 | 28,827 | -7,986 |
| 2002 | 381,084 | 196,227 | 30,439 | -8,934 |
| 2001 | 400,939 | 173,613 | 32,052 | -10,244 |
| 2000 | 417,371 | 125,499 | 32,753 | -11,241 |
| 1999 | 432,355 | 89,335 | 32,283 | -13,481 |
| 1998 | 436,316 | 99,639 | 31,757 | -10,315 |
| 1997 | 447,768 | 79,266 | 32,403 | -9,132 |
| 1996 | 450,174 | 73,040 | 33,741 | -8,626 |
| 1995 | 443,349 | 72,393 | 34,473 | -7,346 |
| 1994 | 437,873 | 66,685 | 34,711 | -5,449 |
| 1993 | 429,910 | 61,079 | 36,924 | -5,429 |
| 1992 | 418,900 | 66,286 | 42,437 | -8,404 |
| 1991 | 401,938 | 97,111 | 47,884 | -11,427 |
| 1990 | 384,518 | 135,020 | 49,443 | -11,881 |
| 1989 | 373,277 | 143,544 | 51,420 | -9,757 |
| 1988 | 386,507 | 133,478 | 51,588 | 2,459 |
| 1987 | 381,999 | 137,759 | 51,140 | 1,855 |
| 1986 | 385,799 | 127,081 | 50,329 | 354 |
| 1985 | 383,243 | 120,215 | 49,944 | -1,719 |
| 1984 | 376,797 | 106,248 | 48,562 | -2,452 |
| 1983 | 365,290 | 97,862 | 46,919 | -2,522 |
| 1982 | 353,138 | 89,942 | 45,179 | -2,132 |
| 1981 | 339,991 | 84,142 | 43,588 | -1,615 |
| 1980 | 326,947 | 80,617 | 42,343 | -1,268 |
| 1979 | 317,439 | -13,980 | 41,568 | -1,296 |
| 1978 | 311,027 | -15,059 | 40,276 | 1,833 |
| 1977 | 305,515 | -16,601 | 38,995 | 5,354 |
| 1976 | 300,615 | -18,316 | 37,670 | 6,577 |
| 1975 | 294,541 | -20,480 | 36,490 | 6,556 |
| 1974 | 289,880 | -21,919 | 35,297 | 6,153 |
| 1973 | 284,611 | -21,995 | 33,993 | 5,647 |
| 1972 | 276,263 | -21,305 | 32,727 | 4,999 |
| 1971 | 272,323 | -20,535 | 31,536 | 4,238 |
| 1970 | 269,341 | -31,839 | 30,558 | 3,263 |
| 1969 | 264,327 | -39,420 | 29,781 | 2,366 |
| 1968 | 260,705 | -40,996 | 29,017 | 3,535 |
| 1967 | 258,764 | -42,108 | 28,178 | 5,139 |
| 1966 | 262,162 | -33,993 | 27,338 | 5,837 |
| 1965 | 264,836 | -36,456 | 26,364 | 5,610 |
| 1964 | 266,406 | -38,785 | 25,317 | 4,599 |
| 1963 | 265,815 | -40,952 | 24,142 | 3,687 |
| 1962 | 262,140 | -43,033 | 22,960 | 9,049 |
| 1961 | 257,270 | -44,916 | 21,873 | 10,440 |
| 1960 | 251,090 | -46,948 | 20,726 | 10,334 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malaysia/mongolia | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 61.7% of the population change in Malaysia is from natural causes (a gain of 3,029,648 people) and 38.3% is from migration (a gain of 1,882,159 people). In Mongolia 94.1% is from natural causes (a gain of 580,367 people) and 5.87% is from migration (a gain of 36,163 people).
As of 2024, 3,806,514 residents or 10.7% of the population were not native-born in Malaysia, compared to 22,589 people or 0.6% in Mongolia.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Malaysia and Mongolia
|
Malaysia
|
Mongolia
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 77.2 years | 72.5 years |
| Average age | 33.2 years | 29.6 years |
| Median age | 31.5 years | 27.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 52.4:47.6 | 49.9:50.1 |
| Fertility rate | 1.55 births per woman | 2.7 births per woman |
| Population density | 287 ppl/mi² | 6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/malaysia/mongolia | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.