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Economy of Armenia vs Tonga compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Armenia has a GDP of $26B compared to $591M for Tonga, ranking 114/197 and 191/197 by economy size, respectively.

Armenia has $13.1B in government debt (56.2% of GDP), compared to $260M (51.7% of GDP) in Tonga.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Armenia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Tonga
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Armenia Tonga
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1975 - - $32,506,742 -
1976 - - $30,036,417 -
1977 - - $34,139,388 -
1978 - - $41,567,472 -
1979 - - $44,667,002 -
1980 - - $53,260,077 -
1981 - - $62,242,013 $253,486,812
1982 - - $62,068,161 $265,505,295
1983 - - $60,863,964 $270,768,679
1984 - - $64,248,355 $275,475,700
1985 - - $60,058,663 $293,542,673
1986 - - $68,195,856 $299,761,847
1987 - - $81,667,133 $308,711,650
1988 - - $106,657,267 $302,902,092
1989 - - $106,344,855 $304,083,128
1990 $2,256,863,449 $5,839,777,094 $113,563,822 $297,867,390
1991 $2,069,870,130 $5,156,523,263 $132,201,141 $316,975,445
1992 $1,272,835,453 $3,001,096,397 $137,066,291 $317,774,139
1993 $1,201,312,829 $2,736,999,951 $138,489,884 $329,652,721
1994 $1,315,158,637 $2,884,798,024 $195,990,986 $345,978,842
1995 $1,468,317,435 $3,083,849,042 $208,871,666 $367,526,959
1996 $1,596,968,946 $3,264,729,147 $222,100,576 $367,868,458
1997 $1,639,492,445 $3,373,153,404 $214,991,452 $365,659,269
1998 $1,893,726,437 $3,619,393,602 $191,504,893 $374,042,287
1999 $1,845,482,173 $3,738,833,591 $199,208,718 $382,654,471
2000 $1,911,563,669 $3,959,424,773 $204,848,488 $397,019,693
2001 $2,118,467,913 $4,339,529,551 $181,117,230 $402,945,137
2002 $2,376,335,048 $4,912,347,451 $182,764,281 $420,792,478
2003 $2,807,061,009 $5,600,076,095 $202,246,591 $421,010,472
2004 $3,576,615,240 $6,188,084,085 $230,678,011 $412,725,207
2005 $4,900,469,511 $7,048,227,772 $261,823,805 $410,010,917
2006 $6,384,452,067 $7,978,593,838 $292,232,703 $401,131,460
2007 $9,206,301,270 $9,071,661,194 $298,519,623 $391,246,346
2008 $11,662,040,714 $9,697,605,817 $344,438,844 $410,272,035
2009 $8,647,937,081 $8,330,243,396 $312,415,028 $389,228,452
2010 $9,260,285,756 $8,513,508,751 $366,887,375 $392,437,239
2011 $10,142,111,825 $8,913,643,662 $414,143,828 $418,745,044
2012 $10,619,320,683 $9,555,426,006 $471,122,971 $422,596,498
2013 $11,121,464,437 $9,870,755,064 $451,788,498 $424,261,201
2014 $11,609,513,247 $10,226,102,247 $440,997,738 $432,706,274
2015 $10,553,337,518 $10,553,337,518 $437,525,514 $437,525,514
2016 $10,546,136,236 $10,574,444,193 $420,828,262 $466,396,529
2017 $11,527,458,709 $11,367,527,508 $459,976,850 $481,332,022
2018 $12,457,940,695 $11,958,638,938 $493,530,783 $483,872,624
2019 $13,619,290,539 $12,867,495,498 $506,031,239 $482,492,577
2020 $12,641,698,583 $11,941,035,822 $506,571,468 $491,207,297
2021 $13,878,908,629 $12,633,615,900 $519,306,353 $486,614,871
2022 $19,513,506,553 $14,225,451,503 $556,514,555 $476,257,056
2023 $24,185,982,216 $15,406,163,978 $591,139,749 $489,545,312
2024 $25,955,275,380 $16,315,127,652 - -

Economic indicators

Armenia Tonga
Gross domestic product
$26B
2024
$591M
2023
GDP rank
114/197
2024
191/197
2023
GDP growth
7.32%
2023-2024
6.22%
2022-2023
GDP per capita
$8,556
2024
$5,652
2023
GDP per capita rank
90/197
2024
115/197
2023
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,823
2024
$7,803
2023
Government debt
$13.1B
2024
$260M
2023
Debt-to-GDP ratio
56.2%
2026
51.7%
2026
Government debt per person
$4,304
2024
$2,484
2023
Government debt per person rank
89/185
2024
111/185
2023
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,696
2026
$4,126
2026
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.85B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
1
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2023
22%
2021
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2023
4%
2021
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30%
2026
48.7%
2026
Consumer prices inflation
2.8%
2025-2026
3.18%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
6.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.3%
2023
1.65%
2023
Population
2989711
103290

GDP per capita in Armenia vs Tonga

Armenia's GDP per capita is $8,556, ranking 90/197, compared to $5,652 in Tonga, ranking 115/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Armenia ranks 86th at $22,823, while Tonga ranks 144th at $7,803.

Armenia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Tonga
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Armenia Tonga
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1975 - - $349 -
1976 - - $315 -
1977 - - $353 -
1978 - - $428 -
1979 - - $458 -
1980 - - $545 -
1981 - - $636 -
1982 - - $633 -
1983 - - $621 -
1984 - - $656 -
1985 - - $613 -
1986 - - $696 -
1987 - - $830 -
1988 - - $1,078 -
1989 - - $1,070 -
1990 $635 $2,760 $1,139 $2,416
1991 $573 $2,477 $1,323 $2,652
1992 $356 $1,492 $1,370 $2,716
1993 $348 $1,440 $1,383 $2,882
1994 $391 $1,591 $1,957 $3,088
1995 $444 $1,767 $2,084 $3,347
1996 $487 $1,922 $2,215 $3,410
1997 $505 $2,040 $2,136 $3,434
1998 $590 $2,239 $1,889 $3,527
1999 $583 $2,377 $1,952 $3,636
2000 $593 $2,531 $1,995 $3,834
2001 $660 $2,844 $1,754 $3,955
2002 $743 $3,282 $1,759 $4,171
2003 $882 $3,836 $1,936 $4,231
2004 $1,130 $4,377 $2,195 $4,235
2005 $1,557 $5,172 $2,478 $4,315
2006 $2,042 $6,073 $2,750 $4,327
2007 $2,963 $7,137 $2,797 $4,316
2008 $3,778 $7,827 $3,218 $4,600
2009 $2,821 $6,812 $2,914 $4,384
2010 $3,041 $7,095 $3,416 $4,465
2011 $3,350 $7,624 $3,850 $4,855
2012 $3,512 $8,943 $4,384 $4,996
2013 $3,680 $9,455 $4,219 $5,120
2014 $3,852 $9,736 $4,137 $5,336
2015 $3,512 $9,757 $4,124 $5,472
2016 $3,524 $10,570 $3,988 $5,920
2017 $3,869 $12,066 $4,366 $6,229
2018 $4,196 $12,877 $4,675 $6,393
2019 $4,597 $14,976 $4,789 $6,473
2020 $4,269 $14,706 $4,792 $6,676
2021 $4,685 $15,922 $4,923 $6,929
2022 $6,572 $19,161 $5,298 $7,296
2023 $8,159 $21,534 $5,652 $7,803
2024 $8,556 $22,823 - -

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Armenia's government spending was $7.58B, accounting for 30% of its GDP, while Tonga's spent $285M, or 48.7% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.2% in Armenia and 51.7% in Tonga, ranking 90/185 and 104/185, respectively.

Armenia
Government spending

Government debt
Tonga
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Armenia Tonga
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1996 - 40.8% - -
1997 - 46.5% - -
1998 - 45.2% - -
1999 - 39.2% 18.8% 38.4%
2000 - 39.6% 20% 43.6%
2001 - 38.1% 19.1% 53.4%
2002 - 38.2% 21.3% 60.7%
2003 - 33% 20% 56.2%
2004 - 26.4% 19.3% 52.2%
2005 19.9% 24.4% 19.8% 43.3%
2006 20% 18.7% 25.6% 39.6%
2007 22.4% 16.1% 23.2% 37.8%
2008 22.2% 16.1% 24% 34%
2009 28.6% 40.2% 23.9% 39.7%
2010 26.2% 39.7% 28.4% 44.7%
2011 25% 42% 32.6% 51.9%
2012 22.4% 41.2% 32% 60%
2013 23.8% 40.9% 34.3% 48.9%
2014 24% 43.7% 31.5% 47.4%
2015 26.3% 48.7% 37.4% 51.1%
2016 27% 56.7% 37.2% 49.4%
2017 26% 58.9% 39.7% 44.7%
2018 24% 55.7% 39.6% 45.8%
2019 24.9% 53.7% 39.9% 42.8%
2020 30.6% 67.4% 37.9% 42.6%
2021 28.7% 63.4% 44.6% 43%
2022 26.4% 49.2% 44.4% 43.8%
2023 27% 50.7% 48.2% 43.9%
2024 29.2% 50.3% 49.6% 38.2%
2025 30.7% 54.5% 49.7% 44.1%
2026 30% 56.2% 48.7% 51.7%

Government deficit by year

In 2023, Armenia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$490M, equivalent to -2.03% of GDP. This compares to Tonga's surplus of $36.3M, or 6.14% of GDP.

Over the past 19 years, Armenia recorded a fiscal deficit in 19 of those years, while Tonga ran a deficit in 7 years. On average, Armenia posted an annual deficit equal to -3.19% of GDP, compared to surplus of +1.81% of GDP for Tonga.

Deficit/surplus
Armenia

Tonga
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Armenia Tonga
1999 - 1.55%
2000 - 1.35%
2001 - 2.23%
2002 - 2.59%
2003 - 2.37%
2004 - 4.23%
2005 -1.98% 4.23%
2006 -1.95% 1.34%
2007 -2.33% 5.39%
2008 -1.76% 2.14%
2009 -7.69% 6.85%
2010 -4.98% -1.22%
2011 -2.87% -6.02%
2012 -1.49% -1.74%
2013 -1.59% -1.3%
2014 -1.94% 6.38%
2015 -4.84% -2.75%
2016 -5.63% 1.47%
2017 -4.79% 3.58%
2018 -1.75% 2.92%
2019 -0.98% 3.28%
2020 -5.4% 5.25%
2021 -4.58% -0.87%
2022 -2.11% -0.69%
2023 -2.03% 6.14%
2024 -3.75% 3.49%
2025 -5.5% -7.9%
2026 -4.5% -9.49%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 28 years, Armenia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.04%, compared with 5.19% in Tonga. In 2024, inflation was 2.8% in Armenia and 3.18% in Tonga.

Inflation
Armenia

Tonga
Year Inflation
Armenia Tonga
1997 14% 2.12%
1998 8.7% 3.27%
1999 0.7% 4.46%
2000 -0.8% 6.33%
2001 3.2% 8.29%
2002 1% 10.4%
2003 4.7% 11.6%
2004 6.9% 11%
2005 0.6% 8.67%
2006 2.9% 6.15%
2007 4.4% 5.84%
2008 9.1% 10.4%
2009 3.5% 1.43%
2010 8.2% 3.53%
2011 7.5% 6.27%
2012 2.5% 1.15%
2013 5.7% 0.78%
2014 3% 2.51%
2015 3.7% -1.05%
2016 -1.4% 2.58%
2017 0.9% 7.52%
2018 2.5% 5.03%
2019 1.5% 1.18%
2020 1.5% -0.35%
2021 7.5% 5.64%
2022 8.8% 11%
2023 2% 6.35%
2024 0.4% 3.18%
2025 3.3% -
2026 2.8% -

Top exports between countries

Armenia
Export category Export value
Tonga
Export category Export value
Raw agricultural goods $11K

Balance of trade

Armenia Tonga
Current account balance
-$1.19B
2024
-$43.5M
2024
Current account balance ranking
128/190
2024
83/190
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.6%
2024
-7.93%
2023
Goods imports
$15.4B
2024
$232M
2024
Goods exports
$13.2B
2024
$10.8M
2024
Service imports
$4.39B
2024
$161M
2024
Service exports
$5.86B
2024
$93.6M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
76.4%
2024
64.9%
2023
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
73.6%
2024
14.7%
2023

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Armenia Tonga
Economic freedom 65.4 58.5
Economic freedom ranking 63/197 106/197
Property rights 49.9 67.9
Government integrity 50.4 45.8
Judicial effectiveness 31.3 65.7
Tax burden 88.1 84.9
Government spending 77.6 28.9
Fiscal health 81.3 96.3
Business freedom 73 59.5
Labor freedom 59.2 56.6
Monetary freedom 72.2 61
Trade freedom 72 75.4
Investment freedom 70 40
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Armenia is 65.4, ranking 63/197, compared to 58.5 for Tonga, ranking 106/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Armenia
Tonga
Year Economic freedom index
Armenia Tonga
1996 42.2 -
1997 46.7 -
1998 49.6 -
1999 56.4 -
2000 63 -
2001 66.4 -
2002 68 -
2003 67.3 -
2004 70.3 -
2005 69.8 -
2006 70.6 -
2007 68.6 -
2008 69.9 -
2009 69.9 54.1
2010 69.2 53.4
2011 69.7 55.8
2012 68.8 57
2013 69.4 56
2014 68.9 58.2
2015 67.1 59.3
2016 67 59.6
2017 70.3 63
2018 68.7 63.1
2019 67.7 57.7
2020 70.6 58.8
2021 71.9 57.5
2022 65.3 60.8
2023 65.1 60
2024 64.9 59.2
2025 65.4 58.5

More economic indicators

Armenia Tonga
Services, % of GDP
62%
2024
50%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
22.9%
2024
14.9%
2023
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.81%
2024
19%
2023
GNI, Atlas method
$23.7B
2024
$619M
2023
GNI per capita, PPP
$22,020
2024
$8,400
2023
Total reserves including gold
$3.69B
2024
$377M
2024
Total reserves ranking
111/177
2024
163/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$74.8M
2024
$13.3M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$132M
2024
-$12.1M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$56.8M
2024
$1.25M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
7.26%
2024
2.76%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
23.7%
2023
20.6%
2021
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
23.8%
2024
25.9%
2023

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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Economy comparisons

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.