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Economy of Armenia vs Eritrea compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Armenia has a GDP of $25.8B compared to $2.07B for Eritrea, ranking 116/197 and 179/197 by economy size, respectively.

Armenia has $13B in government debt (54.5% of GDP), compared to $3.54B (260.4% of GDP) in Eritrea.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Armenia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Eritrea
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Armenia Eritrea
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1990 $2,256,863,449 $5,839,777,094 - -
1991 $2,069,870,130 $5,156,523,263 - -
1992 $1,272,835,453 $3,001,096,397 $477,101,652 $1,154,926,146
1993 $1,201,312,829 $2,736,999,951 $467,872,715 $1,310,318,716
1994 $1,315,158,637 $2,884,798,024 $531,688,312 $1,588,386,838
1995 $1,468,317,435 $3,083,849,042 $578,015,625 $1,633,788,955
1996 $1,596,968,946 $3,264,729,147 $693,535,954 $1,785,058,837
1997 $1,639,492,445 $3,373,153,404 $686,490,090 $1,926,233,510
1998 $1,893,726,437 $3,619,393,602 $745,523,117 $1,960,377,600
1999 $1,845,482,173 $3,738,833,591 $688,918,537 $1,960,641,860
2000 $1,911,563,669 $3,959,424,773 $706,370,816 $1,899,038,769
2001 $2,118,467,913 $4,339,529,551 $752,371,689 $2,065,307,885
2002 $2,376,335,048 $4,912,347,451 $729,321,680 $2,127,379,251
2003 $2,807,061,009 $5,600,076,095 $870,248,268 $2,070,886,356
2004 $3,576,615,240 $6,188,084,085 $1,109,054,005 $2,100,950,150
2005 $4,900,469,511 $7,048,227,772 $1,098,424,686 $2,155,038,051
2006 $6,384,452,067 $7,978,593,838 $1,211,161,880 $2,134,151,054
2007 $9,206,301,270 $9,071,661,194 $1,317,974,491 $2,164,601,595
2008 $11,662,040,714 $9,697,605,817 $1,380,188,800 $1,952,837,971
2009 $8,647,937,081 $8,330,243,396 $1,856,695,551 $2,028,539,765
2010 $9,260,285,756 $8,513,508,751 $1,589,515,447 $2,073,049,789
2011 $10,142,111,825 $8,913,643,662 $2,065,001,626 $2,252,986,366
2012 $10,619,320,683 $9,555,426,006 - -
2013 $11,121,464,437 $9,870,755,064 - -
2014 $11,609,513,247 $10,226,102,247 - -
2015 $10,553,337,518 $10,553,337,518 - -
2016 $10,546,136,236 $10,574,444,193 - -
2017 $11,527,458,709 $11,367,527,508 - -
2018 $12,457,940,695 $11,958,638,938 - -
2019 $13,619,290,539 $12,867,495,498 - -
2020 $12,641,698,583 $11,941,035,822 - -
2021 $13,878,908,629 $12,633,615,900 - -
2022 $19,513,506,553 $14,225,451,503 - -
2023 $24,085,749,592 $15,406,163,978 - -
2024 $25,786,585,950 $16,315,127,652 - -

Economic indicators

Armenia Eritrea
Gross domestic product
$25.8B
2024
$2.07B
2011
GDP rank
116/197
2024
179/197
2011
GDP growth
7.06%
2023-2024
29.9%
2010-2011
GDP per capita
$8,501
2024
$689
2011
GDP per capita rank
92/197
2024
188/197
2011
GDP per capita, PPP
$22,823
2024
$1,742
2011
Government debt
$13B
2024
$3.54B
2011
Debt-to-GDP ratio
54.5%
2025
260.4%
2019
Government debt per person
$4,276
2024
$1,182
2011
Government debt per person rank
89/185
2024
137/185
2011
Average annual personal income after taxes
$6,696
2025
$1,342
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$4.85B
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
1
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
22.9%
2023
n/a
Income share by poorest 10%
4%
2023
n/a
Government expenditure, % of GDP
30.7%
2025
31.3%
2019
Consumer prices inflation
3.3%
2024-2025
1.3%
2018-2019
Central bank interest rate
6.75%
2025
n/a
Unemployment rate
8.3%
2023
5.8%
2017
Population
3011581
3667774

GDP per capita in Armenia vs Eritrea

Armenia's GDP per capita is $8,501, ranking 92/197, compared to $689 in Eritrea, ranking 188/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Armenia ranks 84th at $22,823, while Eritrea ranks 190th at $1,742.

Armenia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Eritrea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Armenia Eritrea
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1990 $635 $2,760 - -
1991 $573 $2,477 - -
1992 $356 $1,492 $265.2 $1,021
1993 $348 $1,440 $252.1 $1,149
1994 $391 $1,591 $277.8 $1,379
1995 $444 $1,767 $285.4 $1,369
1996 $487 $1,922 $326 $1,449
1997 $505 $2,040 $319 $1,573
1998 $590 $2,239 $342 $1,598
1999 $583 $2,377 $311 $1,597
2000 $593 $2,531 $314 $1,558
2001 $660 $2,844 $325 $1,684
2002 $743 $3,282 $305 $1,702
2003 $882 $3,836 $349 $1,621
2004 $1,130 $4,377 $427 $1,621
2005 $1,557 $5,172 $413 $1,674
2006 $2,042 $6,073 $448 $1,682
2007 $2,963 $7,137 $480 $1,727
2008 $3,778 $7,827 $490 $1,547
2009 $2,821 $6,812 $643 $1,577
2010 $3,041 $7,095 $540 $1,599
2011 $3,350 $7,624 $689 $1,742
2012 $3,512 $8,943 - -
2013 $3,680 $9,455 - -
2014 $3,852 $9,736 - -
2015 $3,512 $9,757 - -
2016 $3,524 $10,570 - -
2017 $3,869 $12,066 - -
2018 $4,196 $12,877 - -
2019 $4,597 $14,976 - -
2020 $4,269 $14,706 - -
2021 $4,685 $15,922 - -
2022 $6,572 $19,161 - -
2023 $8,125 $21,534 - -
2024 $8,501 $22,823 - -

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Armenia's government spending was $7.54B, accounting for 30.7% of its GDP, while Eritrea's spent $666M, or 31.3% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 54.5% in Armenia and 260.4% in Eritrea, ranking 97/185 and 1/185, respectively.

Armenia
Government spending

Government debt
Eritrea
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Armenia Eritrea
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1992 - - 32.7% -
1993 - - 67.2% -
1994 - - 50.4% -
1995 - - 81.2% -
1996 - 40.8% 68.6% -
1997 - 46.5% 60.1% -
1998 - 45.2% 88% -
1999 - 39.2% 106.1% -
2000 - 39.6% 84.7% 219.1%
2001 - 38.1% 59.5% 238.6%
2002 - 38.2% 60.1% 243.4%
2003 - 33% 58.1% 264%
2004 - 26.4% 57.1% 193.5%
2005 19.9% 24.4% 76.6% 205.4%
2006 20% 18.7% 50.5% 199%
2007 22.4% 16.1% 51.2% 201.3%
2008 22.2% 16.1% 69.4% 259.7%
2009 28.6% 40.2% 44.9% 207.1%
2010 26.2% 39.7% 42.4% 201.8%
2011 25% 42% 32.3% 171.6%
2012 22.4% 41.2% 33.3% 171.6%
2013 23.8% 40.9% 32.7% 232.4%
2014 24% 43.7% 21.6% 204.5%
2015 26.3% 48.7% 31.1% 271.4%
2016 27% 56.7% 30.9% 251.2%
2017 26% 58.9% 42.5% 290.4%
2018 24% 55.7% 26.4% 267.1%
2019 24.9% 53.7% 31.3% 260.4%
2020 30.6% 67.4% - -
2021 28.7% 63.4% - -
2022 26.4% 49.2% - -
2023 27% 50.7% - -
2024 29.2% 50.3% - -
2025 30.7% 54.5% - -

Government deficit by year

In 2011, Armenia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$292M, equivalent to -2.87% of GDP. This compares to Eritrea's deficit of -$114M, or -5.5% of GDP.

Over the past 7 years, Armenia recorded a fiscal deficit in 7 of those years, while Eritrea ran a deficit in 7 years. On average, Armenia posted an annual deficit equal to -3.37% of GDP, compared to deficit of -21.2% of GDP for Eritrea.

Deficit/surplus
Armenia

Eritrea
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Armenia Eritrea
1992 - 6.85%
1993 - 4.22%
1994 - 8.69%
1995 - -22.9%
1996 - -18.4%
1997 - -5.65%
1998 - -40.3%
1999 - -59.7%
2000 - -25.4%
2001 - -9.62%
2002 - -13.3%
2003 - 6.23%
2004 - -7.65%
2005 -1.98% -31%
2006 -1.95% -15.5%
2007 -2.33% -19.8%
2008 -1.76% -38%
2009 -7.69% -22.2%
2010 -4.98% -16.5%
2011 -2.87% -5.5%
2012 -1.49% -5.21%
2013 -1.59% -7.62%
2014 -1.94% -0.12%
2015 -4.84% -2.77%
2016 -5.63% -1.44%
2017 -4.79% -5.74%
2018 -1.75% 5.22%
2019 -0.98% 2.72%
2020 -5.4% -
2021 -4.58% -
2022 -2.11% -
2023 -2.03% -
2024 -3.75% -
2025 -5.5% -

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 24 years, Armenia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 4.65%, compared with 10.4% in Eritrea. In 2019, inflation was 3.3% in Armenia and 1.3% in Eritrea.

Inflation
Armenia

Eritrea
Year Inflation
Armenia Eritrea Armenia Eritrea
1996 18.7% 10.3%
1997 14% 3.7%
1998 8.7% 9.5%
1999 0.7% 8.4%
2000 -0.8% 19.9%
2001 3.2% 14.6%
2002 1% 16.9%
2003 4.7% 22.7%
2004 6.9% 25.1%
2005 0.6% 12.5%
2006 2.9% 7.7%
2007 4.4% 9.4%
2008 9.1% 22.2%
2009 3.5% 33.9%
2010 8.2% 10.3%
2011 7.5% 5.9%
2012 2.5% 6%
2013 5.7% 6.3%
2014 3% 8.4%
2015 3.7% 28.5%
2016 -1.4% -5.6%
2017 0.9% -13.3%
2018 2.5% -14.4%
2019 1.5% 1.3%
2020 1.5% -
2021 7.5% -
2022 8.8% -
2023 2% -
2024 0.4% -
2025 3.3% -

Top exports between countries

Armenia
Export category Export value
Eritrea
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $15K

Balance of trade

Armenia Eritrea
Current account balance
-$1.19B
2024
-$105M
2000
Current account balance ranking
127/189
2024
87/189
2000
Current account balance, % of GDP
-4.63%
2024
-14.8%
2000
Goods imports
$15.4B
2024
$471M
2000
Goods exports
$13.2B
2024
$36.8M
2000
Service imports
$4.39B
2024
$28.5M
2000
Service exports
$5.86B
2024
$60.9M
2000
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
75.8%
2024
29.2%
2011
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
76.3%
2024
18.2%
2011

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Armenia Eritrea
Economic freedom 65.4 38.6
Economic freedom ranking 63/197 188/197
Property rights 49.9 6.1
Government integrity 50.4 14.5
Judicial effectiveness 31.3 3.8
Tax burden 88.1 80.3
Government spending 77.6 62.3
Fiscal health 81.3 69
Business freedom 73 31.3
Labor freedom 59.2 43.4
Monetary freedom 72.2 63.9
Trade freedom 72 68.4
Investment freedom 70 0
Financial freedom 60 20

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Armenia is 65.4, ranking 63/197, compared to 38.6 for Eritrea, ranking 188/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Armenia
Eritrea
Year Economic freedom index
Armenia Eritrea
1996 42.2 -
1997 46.7 -
1998 49.6 -
1999 56.4 -
2000 63 -
2001 66.4 -
2002 68 -
2003 67.3 -
2004 70.3 -
2005 69.8 -
2006 70.6 -
2007 68.6 -
2008 69.9 -
2009 69.9 38.5
2010 69.2 35.3
2011 69.7 36.7
2012 68.8 36.2
2013 69.4 36.3
2014 68.9 38.5
2015 67.1 38.9
2016 67 42.7
2017 70.3 42.2
2018 68.7 41.7
2019 67.7 38.9
2020 70.6 38.5
2021 71.9 42.3
2022 65.3 39.7
2023 65.1 39.5
2024 64.9 39.5
2025 65.4 38.6

More economic indicators

Armenia Eritrea
Services, % of GDP
61.5%
2024
n/a
Industry, % of GDP
23.2%
2024
21.8%
2009
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
7.92%
2024
14.1%
2009
GNI, Atlas method
$23.6B
2024
$1.94B
2011
GNI per capita, PPP
$21,990
2024
$1,720
2011
Total reserves including gold
$3.69B
2024
$192M
2019
Total reserves ranking
111/177
2024
170/177
2019
Net foreign direct investment
-$74.8M
2024
-$27.9M
2000
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$132M
2024
-$27.9M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$56.8M
2024
-$27.9M
2000
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
11.8%
2023
1.07%
2011
Poverty at national poverty lines
23.7%
2023
50%
2020
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
22.2%
2024
12.6%
2011

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.