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Economy of Liberia vs North Macedonia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Liberia has a GDP of $4.75B compared to $16.7B for North Macedonia, ranking 163/197 and 138/197 by economy size, respectively.

Liberia has $2.68B in government debt (56.5% of GDP), compared to $9.15B (52.9% of GDP) in North Macedonia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Liberia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
North Macedonia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Liberia North Macedonia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $190,495,600 $2,785,350,370 - -
1961 $183,920,900 $2,853,312,513 - -
1962 $191,861,800 $2,891,678,327 - -
1963 $200,229,600 $2,957,448,412 - -
1964 $218,929,100 $3,109,815,009 - -
1965 $229,260,800 $3,258,892,895 - -
1966 $244,459,500 $3,509,914,204 - -
1967 $261,024,300 $3,746,685,675 - -
1968 $276,820,700 $3,925,360,308 - -
1969 $306,961,800 $4,211,459,134 - -
1970 $323,099,700 $4,492,076,772 - -
1971 $341,543,100 $4,712,405,513 - -
1972 $368,098,000 $4,907,522,458 - -
1973 $386,968,300 $4,796,809,969 - -
1974 $486,955,000 $5,024,811,956 - -
1975 $577,549,300 $4,850,521,857 - -
1976 $596,675,700 $5,108,120,174 - -
1977 $673,010,600 $5,189,236,333 - -
1978 $717,240,400 $5,439,161,405 - -
1979 $814,067,900 $5,616,740,217 - -
1980 $854,711,500 $5,386,545,754 - -
1981 $846,514,500 $5,271,448,731 - -
1982 $863,933,200 $5,143,197,692 - -
1983 $823,374,900 $5,045,638,801 - -
1984 $848,478,300 $4,939,311,263 - -
1985 $851,296,100 $4,897,657,154 - -
1986 $840,964,400 $4,815,445,174 - -
1987 $972,800,000 $4,767,213,639 - -
1988 $1,038,300,000 $4,669,871,991 - -
1989 $786,300,000 $3,424,489,545 - -
1990 $384,400,000 $1,676,942,910 $4,699,646,643 $7,293,742,777
1991 $348,000,000 $1,438,394,192 $4,938,775,510 $6,843,662,858
1992 $223,500,000 $933,723,839 $2,436,849,342 $6,394,362,794
1993 $160,400,000 $625,824,712 $2,682,456,897 $5,916,750,488
1994 $132,200,000 $489,630,571 $3,559,608,640 $5,812,724,182
1995 $134,800,000 $468,741,927 $4,707,041,315 $5,747,928,136
1996 $159,400,000 $525,559,091 $4,642,021,256 $5,816,047,056
1997 $295,900,000 $1,084,122,317 $3,912,986,091 $5,899,797,048
1998 $359,600,000 $1,411,615,368 $3,765,745,023 $6,099,135,594
1999 $441,800,000 $1,718,520,972 $3,863,619,285 $6,363,778,789
2000 $874,000,000 $2,210,291,804 $3,772,859,034 $6,653,275,728
2001 $906,000,000 $2,274,838,397 $3,709,636,031 $6,449,202,687
2002 $927,000,000 $2,360,440,967 $4,018,365,747 $6,545,532,201
2003 $748,000,000 $1,648,882,905 $4,946,296,599 $6,691,013,308
2004 $897,000,000 $1,692,081,112 $5,682,784,472 $7,003,757,264
2005 $949,000,000 $1,781,443,511 $6,258,602,873 $7,334,620,965
2006 $1,119,000,000 $1,924,741,223 $6,861,226,972 $7,711,402,290
2007 $1,373,000,000 $2,108,270,598 $8,336,474,974 $8,210,598,903
2008 $1,726,000,000 $2,258,921,103 $9,909,552,435 $8,659,882,990
2009 $1,768,000,000 $2,378,656,131 $9,401,736,825 $8,628,827,363
2010 $1,998,000,000 $2,523,749,999 $9,407,170,321 $8,918,648,176
2011 $2,398,000,000 $2,730,716,886 $10,494,626,768 $9,127,334,380
2012 $2,791,614,000 $2,949,005,327 $9,745,261,301 $9,085,697,011
2013 $3,177,198,100 $3,205,193,908 $10,817,702,346 $9,351,477,060
2014 $3,225,652,000 $3,227,674,917 $11,362,265,253 $9,690,853,712
2015 $3,227,075,700 $3,227,075,700 $10,064,519,963 $10,064,519,963
2016 $3,398,419,600 $3,176,896,008 $10,672,467,073 $10,351,178,143
2017 $3,390,703,400 $3,254,893,759 $11,307,067,070 $10,463,154,366
2018 $3,422,754,800 $3,292,571,599 $12,683,068,114 $10,764,555,646
2019 $3,319,596,500 $3,211,334,058 $12,606,338,449 $11,185,494,934
2020 $3,176,126,300 $3,115,556,300 $12,361,036,914 $10,661,068,595
2021 $3,513,049,500 $3,270,920,146 $14,000,283,827 $11,141,955,230
2022 $4,001,047,000 $3,428,189,426 $13,932,436,550 $11,449,348,867
2023 $4,390,000,000 $3,588,757,485 $15,763,604,288 $11,686,641,441
2024 $4,750,000,000 $3,760,763,574 $16,685,236,492 $12,008,754,399

Economic indicators

Liberia North Macedonia
Gross domestic product
$4.75B
2024
$16.7B
2024
GDP rank
163/197
2024
138/197
2024
GDP growth
8.2%
2023-2024
5.85%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$846
2024
$9,310
2024
GDP per capita rank
185/197
2024
88/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$1,885
2024
$26,587
2024
Government debt
$2.68B
2024
$9.15B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
56.5%
2025
52.9%
2025
Government debt per person
$478
2024
$5,105
2024
Government debt per person rank
167/185
2024
78/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,418
2025
$8,472
2025
Income share by richest 10%
27.1%
2016
22.9%
2019
Income share by poorest 10%
2.9%
2016
1.9%
2019
Government expenditure, % of GDP
22.4%
2025
39.1%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
9.8%
2024-2025
3.9%
2024-2025
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.35%
2025
Unemployment rate
5.93%
2017
12.3%
2024
Population
5829811
1783115

GDP per capita in Liberia vs North Macedonia

Liberia's GDP per capita is $846, ranking 185/197, compared to $9,310 in North Macedonia, ranking 88/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Liberia ranks 187th at $1,885, while North Macedonia ranks 78th at $26,587.

Liberia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
North Macedonia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Liberia North Macedonia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $167.2 - - -
1961 $157.5 - - -
1962 $160.3 - - -
1963 $163.1 - - -
1964 $173.9 - - -
1965 $177.6 - - -
1966 $184.6 - - -
1967 $192.2 - - -
1968 $198.6 - - -
1969 $214.7 - - -
1970 $220.3 - - -
1971 $227.1 - - -
1972 $238.6 - - -
1973 $244.4 - - -
1974 $299.4 - - -
1975 $346 - - -
1976 $347 - - -
1977 $381 - - -
1978 $394 - - -
1979 $435 - - -
1980 $443 - - -
1981 $426 - - -
1982 $422 - - -
1983 $391 - - -
1984 $390 - - -
1985 $380 - - -
1986 $364 - - -
1987 $409 - - -
1988 $424 - - -
1989 $312 - - -
1990 $172.9 $787 $2,277 $5,347
1991 $177.9 $793 $2,402 $5,206
1992 $107.8 $497 $1,199 $5,032
1993 $74.4 $328 $1,337 $4,828
1994 $61.5 $262.6 $1,786 $4,879
1995 $62.1 $254.4 $2,355 $4,911
1996 $71.4 $282.2 $2,307 $5,025
1997 $122.6 $548 $1,960 $5,226
1998 $134.7 $652 $1,876 $5,448
1999 $156.6 $762 $1,915 $5,724
2000 $298.5 $965 $1,862 $6,153
2001 $300 $987 $1,823 $6,052
2002 $299.5 $1,013 $1,989 $6,395
2003 $239.8 $716 $2,445 $6,609
2004 $284.1 $745 $2,819 $7,230
2005 $287.5 $774 $3,121 $7,972
2006 $321 $815 $3,440 $8,890
2007 $374 $873 $4,204 $9,639
2008 $452 $915 $5,026 $10,924
2009 $448 $939 $4,800 $11,526
2010 $492 $980 $4,833 $11,994
2011 $568 $1,041 $5,417 $12,421
2012 $638 $1,157 $5,050 $12,726
2013 $711 $1,360 $5,626 $13,663
2014 $707 $1,419 $5,925 $14,485
2015 $693 $1,340 $5,263 $15,038
2016 $715 $1,490 $5,598 $16,457
2017 $699 $1,665 $5,955 $17,161
2018 $692 $1,800 $6,714 $18,460
2019 $658 $1,900 $6,719 $20,222
2020 $617 $1,660 $6,660 $19,962
2021 $668 $1,539 $7,621 $22,144
2022 $745 $1,692 $7,606 $24,067
2023 $799 $1,795 $8,624 $24,390
2024 $846 $1,885 $9,310 $26,587

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Liberia's government spending was $1.04B, accounting for 22.4% of its GDP, while North Macedonia's spent $6.13B, or 39.1% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 56.5% in Liberia and 52.9% in North Macedonia, ranking 93/185 and 101/185, respectively.

Liberia
Government spending

Government debt
North Macedonia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Liberia North Macedonia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1997 - - 32.9% 29.3%
1998 - - 32.8% 33.1%
1999 - - 33.2% 30.4%
2000 15.2% 489% 32% 45.6%
2001 12.6% 484% 37.4% 45.2%
2002 13.2% 481% 38.2% 40.5%
2003 9.85% 658% 36% 36.5%
2004 12.1% 543% 34.1% 34.6%
2005 12.8% 535% 32.5% 36.7%
2006 11.1% 472% 31.5% 30.6%
2007 17.2% 394% 31.4% 23.5%
2008 21.6% 233.1% 33.8% 20.6%
2009 23.7% 130.9% 33.6% 23.7%
2010 25.2% 25.6% 32.5% 24.3%
2011 30.1% 22.7% 31.9% 27.7%
2012 30.8% 20.5% 33.3% 33.7%
2013 27.4% 20.6% 31.7% 34%
2014 33.4% 24.3% 31.7% 38%
2015 37.1% 24.8% 32.2% 38%
2016 35.8% 28.6% 31.1% 39.7%
2017 35.1% 31.8% 31.8% 39.4%
2018 32.7% 37.1% 30.3% 40.4%
2019 32.3% 48.6% 31.4% 40.4%
2020 35.3% 58.7% 36.4% 50.8%
2021 29.8% 53.3% 35.3% 52.7%
2022 26.9% 54.3% 35% 50.4%
2023 27.2% 58.8% 35.5% 50.8%
2024 21.9% 56.5% 36.7% 54.8%
2025 22.4% 56.5% 39.1% 52.9%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Liberia's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$128M, equivalent to -2.69% of GDP. This compares to North Macedonia's deficit of -$742M, or -4.45% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Liberia recorded a fiscal deficit in 20 of those years, while North Macedonia ran a deficit in 21 years. On average, Liberia posted an annual deficit equal to -2.25% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.75% of GDP for North Macedonia.

Deficit/surplus
Liberia

North Macedonia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Liberia North Macedonia
1997 - -0.36%
1998 - -1.63%
1999 - 0.03%
2000 -0.08% 2.37%
2001 -0.98% -5.88%
2002 -1.63% -5.24%
2003 0.39% -0.07%
2004 -0.56% 0.37%
2005 -0.55% 0.21%
2006 4.42% -0.51%
2007 2.44% 0.58%
2008 -2.68% -0.93%
2009 -1.39% -2.63%
2010 1.17% -2.41%
2011 -4.43% -2.47%
2012 -2.86% -3.81%
2013 1.29% -3.84%
2014 -4.92% -4.19%
2015 -3.74% -3.48%
2016 -3.83% -2.7%
2017 -7.14% -2.73%
2018 -4.7% -1.76%
2019 -4.92% -1.97%
2020 -4.02% -8.05%
2021 -2.5% -5.32%
2022 -5.33% -5.23%
2023 -7.07% -4.61%
2024 -2.69% -4.45%
2025 -3.47% -5.04%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 27 years, Liberia has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 10.4%, compared with 2.8% in North Macedonia. In 2025, inflation was 9.8% in Liberia and 3.9% in North Macedonia.

Inflation
Liberia

North Macedonia
Year Inflation
Liberia North Macedonia Liberia North Macedonia
1996 - 2.5%
1997 - 1.3%
1998 - 0.5%
1999 2% -1.3%
2000 5.3% 6.6%
2001 12.1% 5.2%
2002 14.2% 1.1%
2003 10.3% 0.9%
2004 3.6% -0.4%
2005 6.9% 0.5%
2006 9.5% 3.2%
2007 11.4% 2.3%
2008 17.5% 8.3%
2009 7.4% -0.7%
2010 7.3% 1.5%
2011 8.5% 3.9%
2012 6.8% 3.3%
2013 7.6% 2.8%
2014 9.9% -0.3%
2015 7.7% -0.3%
2016 8.8% -0.2%
2017 12.4% 1.4%
2018 23.5% 1.5%
2019 27% 0.8%
2020 17% 1.2%
2021 7.8% 3.2%
2022 7.6% 14.2%
2023 10.1% 9.4%
2024 8.2% 3.5%
2025 9.8% 3.9%

Top exports between countries

Liberia
Export category Export value
North Macedonia
Export category Export value
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $21K
Machinery & equipment $6K
Textiles & consumer goods $4K
Raw agricultural goods $2K
Animal & marine products $1K

Balance of trade

Liberia North Macedonia
Current account balance
$64.8M
2022
-$374M
2024
Current account balance ranking
71/189
2022
101/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
+1.62%
2022
-2.24%
2024
Goods imports
$1.53B
2022
$10.6B
2024
Goods exports
$1.03B
2022
$7.28B
2024
Service imports
$434M
2022
$2.01B
2024
Service exports
$192M
2022
$3.16B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP n/a
75.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
28.5%
2025
62.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Liberia North Macedonia
Economic freedom 48.5 63.2
Economic freedom ranking 170/197 80/197
Property rights 32.8 59.1
Government integrity 24.9 43.6
Judicial effectiveness 22.7 49.7
Tax burden 86 94.8
Government spending 76.6 60.6
Fiscal health 53.6 50.9
Business freedom 39 74.2
Labor freedom 43.5 57.6
Monetary freedom 70.7 65
Trade freedom 57 77.8
Investment freedom 55 65
Financial freedom 20 60

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Liberia is 48.5, ranking 170/197, compared to 63.2 for North Macedonia, ranking 80/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Liberia
North Macedonia
Year Economic freedom index
Liberia North Macedonia
2002 - 58
2003 - 60.1
2004 - 56.8
2005 - 56.1
2006 - 59.2
2007 - 60.6
2008 - 61.1
2009 48.1 61.2
2010 46.2 65.7
2011 46.5 66
2012 48.6 68.5
2013 49.3 68.2
2014 52.4 68.6
2015 52.7 67.1
2016 52.2 67.5
2017 49.1 70.7
2018 50.9 71.3
2019 49.7 71.1
2020 49 69.5
2021 49.2 68.6
2022 47.9 65.7
2023 49.6 63.7
2024 49.9 61.4
2025 48.5 63.2

More economic indicators

Liberia North Macedonia
Services, % of GDP
42.1%
2024
59.2%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
23.3%
2024
22.7%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
33.6%
2024
5.97%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$4.27B
2024
$15B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,760
2024
$25,210
2024
Total reserves including gold
$600M
2022
$5.25B
2024
Total reserves ranking
153/177
2022
97/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$960M
2022
-$1.18B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$747M
2024
$1.17B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$89.8M
2024
-$2.99M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
3.02%
2023
11.6%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
50.9%
2016
22.2%
2022
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
n/a
28.4%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.