The latest officially reported population of North Macedonia was 1,824,359 in 2024 vs 48,848,840 people in Spain in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current North Macedonia's population is 1,805,954 people compared to 48,806,901 in Spain.
Population statistics:
- Spain's population is 27 times bigger than North Macedonia's.
- North Macedonia is ranked the 150th most populous country in the world, while Spain is the 32nd.
- The countries together account for 0.61% of the world: 0.02% for North Macedonia vs 0.59% for Spain.
- For the last 10 years, North Macedonia has had an average growth rate of -0.48% per year vs +0.43% in Spain.
- Since 2006, the population of North Macedonia has decreased from 1.99M people to 1.81M (9.44% decline), while Spain has grown from 44.4M to 48.8M (9.93% growth).
North Macedonia vs Spain: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 866,884 | 33,862,981 |
| 2099 | 877,788 | 34,039,965 |
| 2098 | 888,715 | 34,215,187 |
| 2097 | 899,716 | 34,387,116 |
| 2096 | 910,709 | 34,552,002 |
| 2095 | 921,559 | 34,719,411 |
| 2094 | 932,633 | 34,882,039 |
| 2093 | 943,984 | 35,044,043 |
| 2092 | 955,335 | 35,204,657 |
| 2091 | 966,773 | 35,366,895 |
| 2090 | 978,130 | 35,535,838 |
| 2089 | 989,666 | 35,707,942 |
| 2088 | 1,001,224 | 35,877,681 |
| 2087 | 1,012,831 | 36,043,209 |
| 2086 | 1,024,787 | 36,210,710 |
| 2085 | 1,036,668 | 36,386,207 |
| 2084 | 1,048,876 | 36,564,622 |
| 2083 | 1,061,031 | 36,749,680 |
| 2082 | 1,073,408 | 36,936,644 |
| 2081 | 1,085,823 | 37,133,976 |
| 2080 | 1,098,127 | 37,337,517 |
| 2079 | 1,110,614 | 37,551,557 |
| 2078 | 1,123,398 | 37,771,135 |
| 2077 | 1,136,448 | 38,002,963 |
| 2076 | 1,149,787 | 38,249,247 |
| 2075 | 1,163,080 | 38,506,040 |
| 2074 | 1,176,671 | 38,777,715 |
| 2073 | 1,190,351 | 39,056,249 |
| 2072 | 1,204,015 | 39,348,447 |
| 2071 | 1,217,691 | 39,642,346 |
| 2070 | 1,231,978 | 39,949,413 |
| 2069 | 1,246,408 | 40,256,590 |
| 2068 | 1,260,869 | 40,575,543 |
| 2067 | 1,275,289 | 40,893,798 |
| 2066 | 1,289,439 | 41,218,263 |
| 2065 | 1,303,917 | 41,543,254 |
| 2064 | 1,318,161 | 41,878,338 |
| 2063 | 1,332,807 | 42,208,320 |
| 2062 | 1,347,540 | 42,542,893 |
| 2061 | 1,362,299 | 42,874,096 |
| 2060 | 1,376,807 | 43,191,452 |
| 2059 | 1,390,921 | 43,506,737 |
| 2058 | 1,404,982 | 43,809,907 |
| 2057 | 1,419,185 | 44,112,668 |
| 2056 | 1,433,595 | 44,415,689 |
| 2055 | 1,447,857 | 44,691,749 |
| 2054 | 1,462,210 | 44,958,971 |
| 2053 | 1,476,351 | 45,223,225 |
| 2052 | 1,489,905 | 45,470,541 |
| 2051 | 1,503,526 | 45,695,307 |
| 2050 | 1,516,629 | 45,911,520 |
| 2049 | 1,529,608 | 46,127,777 |
| 2048 | 1,542,390 | 46,322,244 |
| 2047 | 1,555,085 | 46,510,152 |
| 2046 | 1,568,151 | 46,687,914 |
| 2045 | 1,581,115 | 46,858,778 |
| 2044 | 1,593,878 | 47,016,278 |
| 2043 | 1,606,930 | 47,158,325 |
| 2042 | 1,619,941 | 47,301,091 |
| 2041 | 1,632,704 | 47,434,593 |
| 2040 | 1,645,446 | 47,563,236 |
| 2039 | 1,658,034 | 47,685,343 |
| 2038 | 1,670,347 | 47,798,797 |
| 2037 | 1,682,850 | 47,910,899 |
| 2036 | 1,695,204 | 48,020,350 |
| 2035 | 1,707,302 | 48,124,430 |
| 2034 | 1,719,193 | 48,220,051 |
| 2033 | 1,730,723 | 48,311,842 |
| 2032 | 1,742,288 | 48,402,470 |
| 2031 | 1,753,729 | 48,495,278 |
| 2030 | 1,765,162 | 48,579,920 |
| 2029 | 1,775,815 | 48,648,699 |
| 2028 | 1,786,051 | 48,707,969 |
| 2027 | 1,795,945 | 48,758,200 |
| 2026 | 1,805,954 | 48,806,901 |
| 2025 | 1,815,368 | 48,838,057 |
| 2024 | 1,824,359 | 48,848,840 |
| 2023 | 1,827,816 | 48,352,528 |
| 2022 | 1,831,712 | 47,786,102 |
| 2021 | 1,837,114 | 47,443,821 |
| 2020 | 1,856,124 | 47,359,424 |
| 2019 | 1,876,262 | 47,118,501 |
| 2018 | 1,889,051 | 46,782,011 |
| 2017 | 1,898,657 | 46,571,232 |
| 2016 | 1,906,313 | 46,458,139 |
| 2015 | 1,912,430 | 46,422,303 |
| 2014 | 1,917,557 | 46,460,733 |
| 2013 | 1,922,716 | 46,604,197 |
| 2012 | 1,929,821 | 46,773,055 |
| 2011 | 1,937,398 | 46,742,697 |
| 2010 | 1,946,298 | 46,576,897 |
| 2009 | 1,958,782 | 46,362,946 |
| 2008 | 1,971,493 | 45,954,106 |
| 2007 | 1,982,933 | 45,226,803 |
| 2006 | 1,994,287 | 44,397,319 |
| 2005 | 2,005,330 | 43,653,155 |
| 2004 | 2,016,186 | 42,921,895 |
| 2003 | 2,022,725 | 42,187,645 |
| 2002 | 2,020,157 | 41,431,558 |
| 2001 | 2,034,882 | 40,850,412 |
| 2000 | 2,026,350 | 40,567,864 |
| 1999 | 2,017,142 | 40,386,875 |
| 1998 | 2,007,523 | 40,223,509 |
| 1997 | 1,996,869 | 40,057,389 |
| 1996 | 2,012,553 | 39,889,852 |
| 1995 | 1,998,534 | 39,724,050 |
| 1994 | 1,992,666 | 39,549,108 |
| 1993 | 2,006,854 | 39,361,262 |
| 1992 | 2,032,523 | 39,157,685 |
| 1991 | 2,055,994 | 38,966,376 |
| 1990 | 2,063,689 | 38,867,322 |
| 1989 | 2,055,649 | 38,827,764 |
| 1988 | 2,045,737 | 38,766,939 |
| 1987 | 2,035,157 | 38,684,815 |
| 1986 | 2,024,732 | 38,584,624 |
| 1985 | 2,014,331 | 38,469,512 |
| 1984 | 2,003,399 | 38,330,364 |
| 1983 | 1,991,901 | 38,171,525 |
| 1982 | 1,978,956 | 37,986,012 |
| 1981 | 1,959,065 | 37,758,631 |
| 1980 | 1,933,038 | 37,491,165 |
| 1979 | 1,906,523 | 37,191,330 |
| 1978 | 1,879,847 | 36,864,898 |
| 1977 | 1,853,138 | 36,511,638 |
| 1976 | 1,825,830 | 36,137,812 |
| 1975 | 1,797,972 | 35,757,900 |
| 1974 | 1,770,545 | 35,373,335 |
| 1973 | 1,743,816 | 34,988,947 |
| 1972 | 1,717,395 | 34,604,469 |
| 1971 | 1,691,216 | 34,224,490 |
| 1970 | 1,664,208 | 33,814,531 |
| 1969 | 1,636,345 | 33,441,054 |
| 1968 | 1,608,930 | 33,113,134 |
| 1967 | 1,582,492 | 32,682,947 |
| 1966 | 1,557,349 | 32,283,194 |
| 1965 | 1,533,466 | 31,954,292 |
| 1964 | 1,510,900 | 31,609,195 |
| 1963 | 1,488,737 | 31,296,651 |
| 1962 | 1,471,745 | 31,023,366 |
| 1961 | 1,455,171 | 30,739,250 |
| 1960 | 1,435,059 | 30,455,000 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/spain | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of North Macedonia decreased by 87,974 people (a 4.41% decline), while Spain gained 2,060,820 people (a 4.64% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, North Macedonia lost 100,359 people (a 5.26% decline), while Spain's population increased by 2,348,762 people (a 5.06% growth).
North Macedonia was ranked 142nd most populous country in 2006 and is 150th in 2026. Spain was ranked 28th in 2006 and ranked 32nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) North Macedonia's population will shrink by 16% to 1,516,629 people with a rank change from 150th to 152nd. The population of Spain will decrease by 5.93% to 45,911,520 people and rank change from 32nd to 47th.
Both countries are in a period of decline and in 50 years are projected to lose 36.3% of the population in North Macedonia and 21.6% in Spain.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | -1.24% | -0.52% |
| 2099 | -1.23% | -0.51% |
| 2098 | -1.22% | -0.5% |
| 2097 | -1.21% | -0.48% |
| 2096 | -1.18% | -0.48% |
| 2095 | -1.19% | -0.47% |
| 2094 | -1.2% | -0.46% |
| 2093 | -1.19% | -0.46% |
| 2092 | -1.18% | -0.46% |
| 2091 | -1.16% | -0.48% |
| 2090 | -1.17% | -0.48% |
| 2089 | -1.15% | -0.47% |
| 2088 | -1.15% | -0.46% |
| 2087 | -1.17% | -0.46% |
| 2086 | -1.15% | -0.48% |
| 2085 | -1.16% | -0.49% |
| 2084 | -1.15% | -0.5% |
| 2083 | -1.15% | -0.51% |
| 2082 | -1.14% | -0.53% |
| 2081 | -1.12% | -0.55% |
| 2080 | -1.12% | -0.57% |
| 2079 | -1.14% | -0.58% |
| 2078 | -1.15% | -0.61% |
| 2077 | -1.16% | -0.64% |
| 2076 | -1.14% | -0.67% |
| 2075 | -1.15% | -0.7% |
| 2074 | -1.15% | -0.71% |
| 2073 | -1.13% | -0.74% |
| 2072 | -1.12% | -0.74% |
| 2071 | -1.16% | -0.77% |
| 2070 | -1.16% | -0.76% |
| 2069 | -1.15% | -0.79% |
| 2068 | -1.13% | -0.78% |
| 2067 | -1.1% | -0.79% |
| 2066 | -1.11% | -0.78% |
| 2065 | -1.08% | -0.8% |
| 2064 | -1.1% | -0.78% |
| 2063 | -1.09% | -0.79% |
| 2062 | -1.08% | -0.77% |
| 2061 | -1.05% | -0.73% |
| 2060 | -1.01% | -0.72% |
| 2059 | -1% | -0.69% |
| 2058 | -1% | -0.69% |
| 2057 | -1.01% | -0.68% |
| 2056 | -0.99% | -0.62% |
| 2055 | -0.98% | -0.59% |
| 2054 | -0.96% | -0.58% |
| 2053 | -0.91% | -0.54% |
| 2052 | -0.91% | -0.49% |
| 2051 | -0.86% | -0.47% |
| 2050 | -0.85% | -0.47% |
| 2049 | -0.83% | -0.42% |
| 2048 | -0.82% | -0.4% |
| 2047 | -0.83% | -0.38% |
| 2046 | -0.82% | -0.36% |
| 2045 | -0.8% | -0.33% |
| 2044 | -0.81% | -0.3% |
| 2043 | -0.8% | -0.3% |
| 2042 | -0.78% | -0.28% |
| 2041 | -0.77% | -0.27% |
| 2040 | -0.76% | -0.26% |
| 2039 | -0.74% | -0.24% |
| 2038 | -0.74% | -0.23% |
| 2037 | -0.73% | -0.23% |
| 2036 | -0.71% | -0.22% |
| 2035 | -0.69% | -0.2% |
| 2034 | -0.67% | -0.19% |
| 2033 | -0.66% | -0.19% |
| 2032 | -0.65% | -0.19% |
| 2031 | -0.65% | -0.17% |
| 2030 | -0.6% | -0.14% |
| 2029 | -0.57% | -0.12% |
| 2028 | -0.55% | -0.1% |
| 2027 | -0.55% | -0.1% |
| 2026 | -0.52% | -0.06% |
| 2025 | -0.49% | -0.02% |
| 2024 | -0.19% | 1.03% |
| 2023 | -0.21% | 1.19% |
| 2022 | -0.29% | 0.72% |
| 2021 | -1.02% | 0.18% |
| 2020 | -1.07% | 0.51% |
| 2019 | -0.68% | 0.72% |
| 2018 | -0.51% | 0.45% |
| 2017 | -0.4% | 0.24% |
| 2016 | -0.32% | 0.08% |
| 2015 | -0.27% | -0.08% |
| 2014 | -0.27% | -0.31% |
| 2013 | -0.37% | -0.36% |
| 2012 | -0.39% | 0.06% |
| 2011 | -0.46% | 0.36% |
| 2010 | -0.64% | 0.46% |
| 2009 | -0.64% | 0.89% |
| 2008 | -0.58% | 1.61% |
| 2007 | -0.57% | 1.87% |
| 2006 | -0.55% | 1.7% |
| 2005 | -0.54% | 1.7% |
| 2004 | -0.32% | 1.74% |
| 2003 | 0.13% | 1.82% |
| 2002 | -0.72% | 1.42% |
| 2001 | 0.42% | 0.7% |
| 2000 | 0.46% | 0.45% |
| 1999 | 0.48% | 0.41% |
| 1998 | 0.53% | 0.41% |
| 1997 | -0.78% | 0.42% |
| 1996 | 0.7% | 0.42% |
| 1995 | 0.29% | 0.44% |
| 1994 | -0.71% | 0.48% |
| 1993 | -1.26% | 0.52% |
| 1992 | -1.14% | 0.49% |
| 1991 | -0.37% | 0.25% |
| 1990 | 0.39% | 0.1% |
| 1989 | 0.48% | 0.16% |
| 1988 | 0.52% | 0.21% |
| 1987 | 0.51% | 0.26% |
| 1986 | 0.52% | 0.3% |
| 1985 | 0.55% | 0.36% |
| 1984 | 0.58% | 0.42% |
| 1983 | 0.65% | 0.49% |
| 1982 | 1.02% | 0.6% |
| 1981 | 1.35% | 0.71% |
| 1980 | 1.39% | 0.81% |
| 1979 | 1.42% | 0.89% |
| 1978 | 1.44% | 0.97% |
| 1977 | 1.5% | 1.03% |
| 1976 | 1.55% | 1.06% |
| 1975 | 1.55% | 1.09% |
| 1974 | 1.53% | 1.1% |
| 1973 | 1.54% | 1.11% |
| 1972 | 1.55% | 1.11% |
| 1971 | 1.62% | 1.21% |
| 1970 | 1.7% | 1.12% |
| 1969 | 1.7% | 0.99% |
| 1968 | 1.67% | 1.32% |
| 1967 | 1.61% | 1.24% |
| 1966 | 1.56% | 1.03% |
| 1965 | 1.49% | 1.09% |
| 1964 | 1.49% | 1% |
| 1963 | 1.15% | 0.88% |
| 1962 | 1.14% | 0.92% |
| 1961 | 1.4% | 0.93% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/spain | CC BY
In 2024, the population of North Macedonia declined by 0.19%, while Spain's population grew by 1.03%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1805954
|
48806901
|
| Population rank | 150/197 | 32/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.59% |
| One net population change |
2.53 hours
|
1.06 minutes
|
| One birth every |
31.3 minutes
|
1.62 minutes
|
| One death every |
26.1 minutes
|
1.21 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -9 | +1,360 |
| Annual growth/decline | -3,457 | +496,312 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.19% | +1.03% |
| Population growth rate rank | 176/197 | 100/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.56 hours
|
5.45 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,645 | +96,630 |
| Net migration rank | 119/196 | 17/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 150,902 | 8,870,527 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 122/195 | 6/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 8.3% | 18.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 73/195 | 32/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,645 | - | 96,630 |
| 2024 | - | -5,728 | - | 111,674 |
| 2023 | -3,290 | -5,597 | -111,211 | 119,099 |
| 2022 | -4,397 | -5,296 | -133,801 | 299,779 |
| 2021 | -9,737 | -5,483 | -113,865 | 144,385 |
| 2020 | -5,939 | -23,458 | -151,551 | 236,854 |
| 2019 | -375 | -24,204 | -56,542 | 464,783 |
| 2018 | 1,512 | -24,878 | -56,139 | 337,467 |
| 2017 | 1,329 | -24,227 | -32,600 | 201,135 |
| 2016 | 2,374 | -24,144 | 0 | 106,474 |
| 2015 | 2,294 | -23,010 | -4,642 | -1,979 |
| 2014 | 3,644 | -22,132 | 32,522 | -97,870 |
| 2013 | 3,653 | -20,297 | 37,284 | -250,741 |
| 2012 | 3,087 | -19,083 | 51,450 | -153,486 |
| 2011 | 3,100 | -17,871 | 84,137 | 60,761 |
| 2010 | 4,866 | -16,668 | 102,469 | 69,406 |
| 2009 | 4,309 | -15,455 | 106,635 | 129,557 |
| 2008 | 3,746 | -17,645 | 133,267 | 434,135 |
| 2007 | 2,974 | -15,705 | 108,545 | 772,317 |
| 2006 | 3,988 | -9,632 | 110,994 | 659,720 |
| 2005 | 4,011 | -2,244 | 78,576 | 629,803 |
| 2004 | 5,444 | -2,640 | 85,844 | 661,158 |
| 2003 | 8,900 | -2,880 | 54,844 | 658,428 |
| 2002 | 9,697 | -2,858 | 53,861 | 737,880 |
| 2001 | 10,174 | -922 | 44,936 | 181,307 |
| 2000 | 12,159 | -2,824 | 36,512 | 176,269 |
| 1999 | 10,489 | -1,261 | 8,077 | 178,559 |
| 1998 | 12,446 | -589 | 4,022 | 182,926 |
| 1997 | 12,979 | -477 | 20,028 | 165,345 |
| 1996 | 14,806 | -397 | 11,967 | 162,704 |
| 1995 | 17,239 | -3,603 | 15,889 | 162,434 |
| 1994 | 19,103 | -21,006 | 31,639 | 160,407 |
| 1993 | 20,797 | -47,273 | 47,234 | 160,907 |
| 1992 | 21,659 | -46,509 | 62,652 | 177,544 |
| 1991 | 23,387 | -45,484 | 58,450 | 122,841 |
| 1990 | 22,868 | -16,174 | 66,075 | -30,684 |
| 1989 | 22,912 | -13,528 | 81,538 | -25,892 |
| 1988 | 24,064 | -13,621 | 100,794 | -17,663 |
| 1987 | 24,359 | -13,635 | 116,054 | -12,681 |
| 1986 | 23,720 | -13,589 | 131,188 | -13,540 |
| 1985 | 24,167 | -13,492 | 146,184 | -589 |
| 1984 | 24,436 | -13,251 | 172,487 | 2,754 |
| 1983 | 24,690 | -12,884 | 183,223 | 1,241 |
| 1982 | 25,810 | -11,716 | 231,714 | -7,384 |
| 1981 | 25,689 | 0 | 237,879 | 2,563 |
| 1980 | 26,547 | -189 | 281,184 | 20,166 |
| 1979 | 27,096 | -426 | 312,407 | -5,929 |
| 1978 | 27,150 | -462 | 339,157 | -2,504 |
| 1977 | 27,410 | -683 | 361,465 | -1,332 |
| 1976 | 28,799 | -911 | 375,834 | 2,804 |
| 1975 | 28,983 | -1,147 | 371,882 | -218 |
| 1974 | 28,400 | -1,376 | 396,182 | 105,838 |
| 1973 | 28,032 | -1,600 | 374,381 | 8,624 |
| 1972 | 28,236 | -1,834 | 391,030 | 7,935 |
| 1971 | 28,010 | -2,064 | 369,625 | 7,363 |
| 1970 | 28,022 | 60 | 378,723 | -60,580 |
| 1969 | 27,464 | 181 | 367,851 | -49,956 |
| 1968 | 28,378 | -1,201 | 387,423 | -46,088 |
| 1967 | 28,401 | -2,696 | 402,001 | -42,344 |
| 1966 | 28,766 | -4,176 | 397,084 | -41,467 |
| 1965 | 28,564 | -5,385 | 405,819 | -42,476 |
| 1964 | 27,889 | -5,938 | 429,885 | -41,461 |
| 1963 | 28,124 | -5,759 | 394,338 | -44,446 |
| 1962 | 25,317 | -13,702 | 384,690 | -45,211 |
| 1961 | 27,846 | -6,309 | 396,537 | -46,517 |
| 1960 | 28,816 | -10,126 | 398,960 | -154,869 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/spain | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 6.45% of the population change in North Macedonia is from natural causes (a loss of 12,585 people) and 93.5% is from migration (a loss of 182,429 people). In Spain 25.8% is from natural causes (a loss of 627,829 people) and 74.2% is from migration (a gain of 1,810,127 people).
As of 2024, 150,902 residents or 8.3% of the population were not native-born in North Macedonia, compared to 8,870,527 people or 18.5% in Spain.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Skopje | 423K |
| Kumanovo | 70.8K |
| Bitola | 69.3K |
| Prilep | 63.3K |
| Tetovo | 63.2K |
| Stip | 42K |
| Veles | 40.7K |
| Ohrid | 38.8K |
| Strumica | 33.8K |
| Kavadarci | 32K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Madrid | 3.51M |
| Barcelona | 1.73M |
| Tenerife | 955K |
| Valencia | 841K |
| Zaragoza | 693K |
| Seville | 689K |
| Malaga | 599K |
| Palma de Mallorca | 435K |
| Las Palmas | 382K |
| Alicante | 366K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between North Macedonia and Spain
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 77.8 years | 84.1 years |
| Average age | 41.2 years | 44.7 years |
| Median age | 41.6 years | 46.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.6:51.4 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.5 births per woman | 1.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 185.5 ppl/mi² | 253 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/north-macedonia/spain | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.