The latest officially reported population of Mauritania was 5,169,395 in 2024 vs 48,848,840 people in Spain in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mauritania's population is 5,505,206 people compared to 48,806,901 in Spain.
Population statistics:
- Spain's population is 8.87 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Mauritania is ranked the 122nd most populous country in the world, while Spain is the 32nd.
- The countries together account for 0.66% of the world: 0.07% for Mauritania vs 0.59% for Spain.
- For the last 10 years, Mauritania has had an average growth rate of +3% per year vs +0.43% in Spain.
- Since 2006, the population of Mauritania has increased from 3.01M people to 5.51M (82.7% growth), while Spain has grown from 44.4M to 48.8M (9.93% growth).
Mauritania vs Spain: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mauritania
|
Spain
|
|
| 2100 | 17,309,980 | 33,862,981 |
| 2099 | 17,202,690 | 34,039,965 |
| 2098 | 17,090,030 | 34,215,187 |
| 2097 | 16,975,270 | 34,387,116 |
| 2096 | 16,857,252 | 34,552,002 |
| 2095 | 16,739,240 | 34,719,411 |
| 2094 | 16,617,272 | 34,882,039 |
| 2093 | 16,492,589 | 35,044,043 |
| 2092 | 16,366,098 | 35,204,657 |
| 2091 | 16,235,771 | 35,366,895 |
| 2090 | 16,103,700 | 35,535,838 |
| 2089 | 15,969,059 | 35,707,942 |
| 2088 | 15,831,339 | 35,877,681 |
| 2087 | 15,690,143 | 36,043,209 |
| 2086 | 15,547,605 | 36,210,710 |
| 2085 | 15,403,967 | 36,386,207 |
| 2084 | 15,257,740 | 36,564,622 |
| 2083 | 15,108,271 | 36,749,680 |
| 2082 | 14,958,279 | 36,936,644 |
| 2081 | 14,805,332 | 37,133,976 |
| 2080 | 14,651,508 | 37,337,517 |
| 2079 | 14,496,397 | 37,551,557 |
| 2078 | 14,337,117 | 37,771,135 |
| 2077 | 14,175,812 | 38,002,963 |
| 2076 | 14,013,255 | 38,249,247 |
| 2075 | 13,849,027 | 38,506,040 |
| 2074 | 13,684,146 | 38,777,715 |
| 2073 | 13,517,681 | 39,056,249 |
| 2072 | 13,349,376 | 39,348,447 |
| 2071 | 13,178,237 | 39,642,346 |
| 2070 | 13,007,812 | 39,949,413 |
| 2069 | 12,835,311 | 40,256,590 |
| 2068 | 12,662,862 | 40,575,543 |
| 2067 | 12,487,379 | 40,893,798 |
| 2066 | 12,311,503 | 41,218,263 |
| 2065 | 12,136,616 | 41,543,254 |
| 2064 | 11,958,955 | 41,878,338 |
| 2063 | 11,783,144 | 42,208,320 |
| 2062 | 11,606,044 | 42,542,893 |
| 2061 | 11,428,738 | 42,874,096 |
| 2060 | 11,251,427 | 43,191,452 |
| 2059 | 11,072,236 | 43,506,737 |
| 2058 | 10,892,076 | 43,809,907 |
| 2057 | 10,713,858 | 44,112,668 |
| 2056 | 10,536,935 | 44,415,689 |
| 2055 | 10,358,532 | 44,691,749 |
| 2054 | 10,179,658 | 44,958,971 |
| 2053 | 9,999,712 | 45,223,225 |
| 2052 | 9,819,098 | 45,470,541 |
| 2051 | 9,639,209 | 45,695,307 |
| 2050 | 9,461,249 | 45,911,520 |
| 2049 | 9,283,353 | 46,127,777 |
| 2048 | 9,104,299 | 46,322,244 |
| 2047 | 8,926,851 | 46,510,152 |
| 2046 | 8,748,845 | 46,687,914 |
| 2045 | 8,572,397 | 46,858,778 |
| 2044 | 8,397,189 | 47,016,278 |
| 2043 | 8,222,194 | 47,158,325 |
| 2042 | 8,048,139 | 47,301,091 |
| 2041 | 7,876,803 | 47,434,593 |
| 2040 | 7,706,696 | 47,563,236 |
| 2039 | 7,537,689 | 47,685,343 |
| 2038 | 7,369,184 | 47,798,797 |
| 2037 | 7,202,472 | 47,910,899 |
| 2036 | 7,036,729 | 48,020,350 |
| 2035 | 6,871,981 | 48,124,430 |
| 2034 | 6,708,364 | 48,220,051 |
| 2033 | 6,546,168 | 48,311,842 |
| 2032 | 6,385,827 | 48,402,470 |
| 2031 | 6,227,564 | 48,495,278 |
| 2030 | 6,070,865 | 48,579,920 |
| 2029 | 5,916,516 | 48,648,699 |
| 2028 | 5,764,060 | 48,707,969 |
| 2027 | 5,613,919 | 48,758,200 |
| 2026 | 5,464,898 | 48,806,901 |
| 2025 | 5,317,228 | 48,838,057 |
| 2024 | 5,169,395 | 48,848,840 |
| 2023 | 5,022,441 | 48,352,528 |
| 2022 | 4,875,637 | 47,786,102 |
| 2021 | 4,734,874 | 47,443,821 |
| 2020 | 4,600,131 | 47,359,424 |
| 2019 | 4,467,708 | 47,118,501 |
| 2018 | 4,337,685 | 46,782,011 |
| 2017 | 4,210,600 | 46,571,232 |
| 2016 | 4,086,657 | 46,458,139 |
| 2015 | 3,965,959 | 46,422,303 |
| 2014 | 3,848,514 | 46,460,733 |
| 2013 | 3,734,318 | 46,604,197 |
| 2012 | 3,619,034 | 46,773,055 |
| 2011 | 3,502,811 | 46,742,697 |
| 2010 | 3,390,965 | 46,576,897 |
| 2009 | 3,284,448 | 46,362,946 |
| 2008 | 3,183,269 | 45,954,106 |
| 2007 | 3,093,059 | 45,226,803 |
| 2006 | 3,013,660 | 44,397,319 |
| 2005 | 2,939,059 | 43,653,155 |
| 2004 | 2,868,664 | 42,921,895 |
| 2003 | 2,802,046 | 42,187,645 |
| 2002 | 2,738,655 | 41,431,558 |
| 2001 | 2,678,760 | 40,850,412 |
| 2000 | 2,613,441 | 40,567,864 |
| 1999 | 2,541,698 | 40,386,875 |
| 1998 | 2,474,651 | 40,223,509 |
| 1997 | 2,411,306 | 40,057,389 |
| 1996 | 2,358,188 | 39,889,852 |
| 1995 | 2,312,017 | 39,724,050 |
| 1994 | 2,249,454 | 39,549,108 |
| 1993 | 2,174,328 | 39,361,262 |
| 1992 | 2,088,135 | 39,157,685 |
| 1991 | 2,009,738 | 38,966,376 |
| 1990 | 1,951,878 | 38,867,322 |
| 1989 | 1,903,048 | 38,827,764 |
| 1988 | 1,855,859 | 38,766,939 |
| 1987 | 1,803,014 | 38,684,815 |
| 1986 | 1,751,835 | 38,584,624 |
| 1985 | 1,702,107 | 38,469,512 |
| 1984 | 1,653,693 | 38,330,364 |
| 1983 | 1,606,746 | 38,171,525 |
| 1982 | 1,561,176 | 37,986,012 |
| 1981 | 1,516,877 | 37,758,631 |
| 1980 | 1,474,043 | 37,491,165 |
| 1979 | 1,432,758 | 37,191,330 |
| 1978 | 1,392,713 | 36,864,898 |
| 1977 | 1,353,768 | 36,511,638 |
| 1976 | 1,315,336 | 36,137,812 |
| 1975 | 1,277,330 | 35,757,900 |
| 1974 | 1,240,188 | 35,373,335 |
| 1973 | 1,203,838 | 34,988,947 |
| 1972 | 1,168,355 | 34,604,469 |
| 1971 | 1,133,702 | 34,224,490 |
| 1970 | 1,099,806 | 33,814,531 |
| 1969 | 1,066,754 | 33,441,054 |
| 1968 | 1,034,739 | 33,113,134 |
| 1967 | 1,003,843 | 32,682,947 |
| 1966 | 974,157 | 32,283,194 |
| 1965 | 945,838 | 31,954,292 |
| 1964 | 918,955 | 31,609,195 |
| 1963 | 893,423 | 31,296,651 |
| 1962 | 869,184 | 31,023,366 |
| 1961 | 846,167 | 30,739,250 |
| 1960 | 824,298 | 30,455,000 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/spain | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mauritania increased by 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth), while Spain gained 2,060,820 people (a 4.64% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mauritania gained 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth), while Spain's population increased by 2,348,762 people (a 5.06% growth).
Mauritania was ranked 132nd most populous country in 2006 and is 122nd in 2026. Spain was ranked 28th in 2006 and ranked 32nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mauritania's population will grow by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people with a rank change from 122nd to 102nd. The population of Spain will decrease by 5.93% to 45,911,520 people and rank change from 32nd to 47th.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people, while Spain's population already peaked in 2024 at 48.8M people and is projected to decrease to 33.9M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Spain
|
|
| 2100 | 0.62% | -0.52% |
| 2099 | 0.66% | -0.51% |
| 2098 | 0.68% | -0.5% |
| 2097 | 0.7% | -0.48% |
| 2096 | 0.7% | -0.48% |
| 2095 | 0.73% | -0.47% |
| 2094 | 0.76% | -0.46% |
| 2093 | 0.77% | -0.46% |
| 2092 | 0.8% | -0.46% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -0.48% |
| 2090 | 0.84% | -0.48% |
| 2089 | 0.87% | -0.47% |
| 2088 | 0.9% | -0.46% |
| 2087 | 0.92% | -0.46% |
| 2086 | 0.93% | -0.48% |
| 2085 | 0.96% | -0.49% |
| 2084 | 0.99% | -0.5% |
| 2083 | 1% | -0.51% |
| 2082 | 1.03% | -0.53% |
| 2081 | 1.05% | -0.55% |
| 2080 | 1.07% | -0.57% |
| 2079 | 1.11% | -0.58% |
| 2078 | 1.14% | -0.61% |
| 2077 | 1.16% | -0.64% |
| 2076 | 1.19% | -0.67% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | -0.7% |
| 2074 | 1.23% | -0.71% |
| 2073 | 1.26% | -0.74% |
| 2072 | 1.3% | -0.74% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | -0.77% |
| 2070 | 1.34% | -0.76% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | -0.79% |
| 2068 | 1.41% | -0.78% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | -0.79% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | -0.78% |
| 2065 | 1.49% | -0.8% |
| 2064 | 1.49% | -0.78% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | -0.79% |
| 2062 | 1.55% | -0.77% |
| 2061 | 1.58% | -0.73% |
| 2060 | 1.62% | -0.72% |
| 2059 | 1.65% | -0.69% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | -0.69% |
| 2057 | 1.68% | -0.68% |
| 2056 | 1.72% | -0.62% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | -0.59% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | -0.58% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | -0.54% |
| 2052 | 1.87% | -0.49% |
| 2051 | 1.88% | -0.47% |
| 2050 | 1.92% | -0.47% |
| 2049 | 1.97% | -0.42% |
| 2048 | 1.99% | -0.4% |
| 2047 | 2.03% | -0.38% |
| 2046 | 2.06% | -0.36% |
| 2045 | 2.09% | -0.33% |
| 2044 | 2.13% | -0.3% |
| 2043 | 2.16% | -0.3% |
| 2042 | 2.18% | -0.28% |
| 2041 | 2.21% | -0.27% |
| 2040 | 2.24% | -0.26% |
| 2039 | 2.29% | -0.24% |
| 2038 | 2.31% | -0.23% |
| 2037 | 2.36% | -0.23% |
| 2036 | 2.4% | -0.22% |
| 2035 | 2.44% | -0.2% |
| 2034 | 2.48% | -0.19% |
| 2033 | 2.51% | -0.19% |
| 2032 | 2.54% | -0.19% |
| 2031 | 2.58% | -0.17% |
| 2030 | 2.61% | -0.14% |
| 2029 | 2.64% | -0.12% |
| 2028 | 2.67% | -0.1% |
| 2027 | 2.73% | -0.1% |
| 2026 | 2.78% | -0.06% |
| 2025 | 2.86% | -0.02% |
| 2024 | 2.93% | 1.03% |
| 2023 | 3.01% | 1.19% |
| 2022 | 2.97% | 0.72% |
| 2021 | 2.93% | 0.18% |
| 2020 | 2.96% | 0.51% |
| 2019 | 3% | 0.72% |
| 2018 | 3.02% | 0.45% |
| 2017 | 3.03% | 0.24% |
| 2016 | 3.04% | 0.08% |
| 2015 | 3.05% | -0.08% |
| 2014 | 3.06% | -0.31% |
| 2013 | 3.19% | -0.36% |
| 2012 | 3.32% | 0.06% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | 0.36% |
| 2010 | 3.24% | 0.46% |
| 2009 | 3.18% | 0.89% |
| 2008 | 2.92% | 1.61% |
| 2007 | 2.63% | 1.87% |
| 2006 | 2.54% | 1.7% |
| 2005 | 2.45% | 1.7% |
| 2004 | 2.38% | 1.74% |
| 2003 | 2.31% | 1.82% |
| 2002 | 2.24% | 1.42% |
| 2001 | 2.5% | 0.7% |
| 2000 | 2.82% | 0.45% |
| 1999 | 2.71% | 0.41% |
| 1998 | 2.63% | 0.41% |
| 1997 | 2.25% | 0.42% |
| 1996 | 2% | 0.42% |
| 1995 | 2.78% | 0.44% |
| 1994 | 3.46% | 0.48% |
| 1993 | 4.13% | 0.52% |
| 1992 | 3.9% | 0.49% |
| 1991 | 2.96% | 0.25% |
| 1990 | 2.57% | 0.1% |
| 1989 | 2.54% | 0.16% |
| 1988 | 2.93% | 0.21% |
| 1987 | 2.92% | 0.26% |
| 1986 | 2.92% | 0.3% |
| 1985 | 2.93% | 0.36% |
| 1984 | 2.92% | 0.42% |
| 1983 | 2.92% | 0.49% |
| 1982 | 2.92% | 0.6% |
| 1981 | 2.91% | 0.71% |
| 1980 | 2.88% | 0.81% |
| 1979 | 2.88% | 0.89% |
| 1978 | 2.88% | 0.97% |
| 1977 | 2.92% | 1.03% |
| 1976 | 2.98% | 1.06% |
| 1975 | 2.99% | 1.09% |
| 1974 | 3.02% | 1.1% |
| 1973 | 3.04% | 1.11% |
| 1972 | 3.06% | 1.11% |
| 1971 | 3.08% | 1.21% |
| 1970 | 3.1% | 1.12% |
| 1969 | 3.09% | 0.99% |
| 1968 | 3.08% | 1.32% |
| 1967 | 3.05% | 1.24% |
| 1966 | 2.99% | 1.03% |
| 1965 | 2.93% | 1.09% |
| 1964 | 2.86% | 1% |
| 1963 | 2.79% | 0.88% |
| 1962 | 2.72% | 0.92% |
| 1961 | 2.65% | 0.93% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/spain | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Mauritania grew by 2.93%, while Spain's population grew by 1.03%.
Live population counters
|
Mauritania
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5505206
|
48806901
|
| Population rank | 122/197 | 32/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.59% |
| One net population change |
3.58 minutes
|
1.06 minutes
|
| One birth every |
3.04 minutes
|
1.62 minutes
|
| One death every |
19 minutes
|
1.21 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +403 | +1,360 |
| Annual growth/decline | +146,954 | +496,312 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.93% | +1.03% |
| Population growth rate rank | 17/197 | 100/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.74 hours
|
5.45 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,044 | +96,630 |
| Net migration rank | 115/196 | 17/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 195,937 | 8,870,527 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 113/195 | 6/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.8% | 18.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 107/195 | 32/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Spain
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,044 | - | 96,630 |
| 2024 | - | -2,185 | - | 111,674 |
| 2023 | 145,164 | 2,999 | -111,211 | 119,099 |
| 2022 | 142,451 | 2,999 | -133,801 | 299,779 |
| 2021 | 137,557 | -1,483 | -113,865 | 144,385 |
| 2020 | 134,899 | -1,483 | -151,551 | 236,854 |
| 2019 | 134,460 | -3,019 | -56,542 | 464,783 |
| 2018 | 131,584 | -2,987 | -56,139 | 337,467 |
| 2017 | 128,562 | -3,001 | -32,600 | 201,135 |
| 2016 | 125,342 | -3,008 | 0 | 106,474 |
| 2015 | 122,092 | -3,019 | -4,642 | -1,979 |
| 2014 | 118,792 | -2,980 | 32,522 | -97,870 |
| 2013 | 115,558 | -2,987 | 37,284 | -250,741 |
| 2012 | 113,489 | 4,515 | 51,450 | -153,486 |
| 2011 | 111,165 | 3,272 | 84,137 | 60,761 |
| 2010 | 108,121 | 1,128 | 102,469 | 69,406 |
| 2009 | 105,273 | -1,481 | 106,635 | 129,557 |
| 2008 | 102,432 | -3,860 | 133,267 | 434,135 |
| 2007 | 98,895 | -17,048 | 108,545 | 772,317 |
| 2006 | 94,991 | -18,033 | 110,994 | 659,720 |
| 2005 | 90,940 | -18,693 | 78,576 | 629,803 |
| 2004 | 87,578 | -19,042 | 85,844 | 661,158 |
| 2003 | 83,804 | -19,104 | 54,844 | 658,428 |
| 2002 | 80,993 | -18,903 | 53,861 | 737,880 |
| 2001 | 78,769 | -21,067 | 44,936 | 181,307 |
| 2000 | 75,929 | -2,997 | 36,512 | 176,269 |
| 1999 | 73,554 | -2,999 | 8,077 | 178,559 |
| 1998 | 72,045 | -8,504 | 4,022 | 182,926 |
| 1997 | 71,327 | -8,187 | 20,028 | 165,345 |
| 1996 | 71,939 | -28,840 | 11,967 | 162,704 |
| 1995 | 72,244 | -22,997 | 15,889 | 162,434 |
| 1994 | 70,570 | 5,304 | 31,639 | 160,407 |
| 1993 | 68,167 | 6,217 | 47,234 | 160,907 |
| 1992 | 63,501 | 34,505 | 62,652 | 177,544 |
| 1991 | 61,782 | -2,997 | 58,450 | 122,841 |
| 1990 | 59,934 | -3,000 | 66,075 | -30,684 |
| 1989 | 58,666 | -17,941 | 81,538 | -25,892 |
| 1988 | 56,654 | -2,997 | 100,794 | -17,663 |
| 1987 | 55,037 | -2,998 | 116,054 | -12,681 |
| 1986 | 53,313 | -2,998 | 131,188 | -13,540 |
| 1985 | 52,125 | -2,998 | 146,184 | -589 |
| 1984 | 50,705 | -2,998 | 172,487 | 2,754 |
| 1983 | 49,187 | -2,998 | 183,223 | 1,241 |
| 1982 | 47,947 | -2,998 | 231,714 | -7,384 |
| 1981 | 46,641 | -2,998 | 237,879 | 2,563 |
| 1980 | 45,026 | -2,997 | 281,184 | 20,166 |
| 1979 | 43,537 | -2,997 | 312,407 | -5,929 |
| 1978 | 42,539 | -2,998 | 339,157 | -2,504 |
| 1977 | 41,352 | -2,999 | 361,465 | -1,332 |
| 1976 | 40,149 | -1,645 | 375,834 | 2,804 |
| 1975 | 38,975 | -1,472 | 371,882 | -218 |
| 1974 | 38,106 | -1,321 | 396,182 | 105,838 |
| 1973 | 37,122 | -1,201 | 374,381 | 8,624 |
| 1972 | 36,184 | -1,139 | 391,030 | 7,935 |
| 1971 | 35,279 | -1,014 | 369,625 | 7,363 |
| 1970 | 34,382 | -855 | 378,723 | -60,580 |
| 1969 | 33,252 | -688 | 367,851 | -49,956 |
| 1968 | 32,029 | -565 | 387,423 | -46,088 |
| 1967 | 30,853 | -514 | 402,001 | -42,344 |
| 1966 | 29,502 | -466 | 397,084 | -41,467 |
| 1965 | 28,028 | -434 | 405,819 | -42,476 |
| 1964 | 26,565 | -390 | 429,885 | -41,461 |
| 1963 | 25,250 | -362 | 394,338 | -44,446 |
| 1962 | 23,927 | -342 | 384,690 | -45,211 |
| 1961 | 22,781 | -332 | 396,537 | -46,517 |
| 1960 | 21,604 | -318 | 398,960 | -154,869 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/spain | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 98.9% of the population change in Mauritania is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people). In Spain 25.8% is from natural causes (a loss of 627,829 people) and 74.2% is from migration (a gain of 1,810,127 people).
As of 2024, 195,937 residents or 3.8% of the population were not native-born in Mauritania, compared to 8,870,527 people or 18.5% in Spain.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Madrid | 3.51M |
| Barcelona | 1.73M |
| Tenerife | 955K |
| Valencia | 841K |
| Zaragoza | 693K |
| Seville | 689K |
| Malaga | 599K |
| Palma de Mallorca | 435K |
| Las Palmas | 382K |
| Alicante | 366K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mauritania and Spain
|
Mauritania
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.2 years | 84.1 years |
| Average age | 23 years | 44.7 years |
| Median age | 18.4 years | 46.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 4.7 births per woman | 1.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 13.7 ppl/mi² | 253 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/spain | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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