The latest officially reported population of Spain was 48,848,840 in 2024 vs 7,494,498 people in Turkmenistan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Spain's population is 48,806,901 people compared to 7,776,557 in Turkmenistan.
Population statistics:
- Spain's population is 6.28 times bigger than Turkmenistan's.
- Spain is ranked the 32nd most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
- The countries together account for 0.68% of the world: 0.59% for Spain vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
- For the last 10 years, Spain has had an average growth rate of +0.43% per year vs +2.14% in Turkmenistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Spain has increased from 44.4M people to 48.8M (9.93% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.78M (51.1% growth).
Spain vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 33,862,981 | 10,046,945 |
| 2099 | 34,039,965 | 10,075,740 |
| 2098 | 34,215,187 | 10,103,319 |
| 2097 | 34,387,116 | 10,129,577 |
| 2096 | 34,552,002 | 10,154,338 |
| 2095 | 34,719,411 | 10,178,163 |
| 2094 | 34,882,039 | 10,200,371 |
| 2093 | 35,044,043 | 10,221,349 |
| 2092 | 35,204,657 | 10,240,959 |
| 2091 | 35,366,895 | 10,259,026 |
| 2090 | 35,535,838 | 10,276,261 |
| 2089 | 35,707,942 | 10,291,819 |
| 2088 | 35,877,681 | 10,306,303 |
| 2087 | 36,043,209 | 10,319,501 |
| 2086 | 36,210,710 | 10,331,090 |
| 2085 | 36,386,207 | 10,341,183 |
| 2084 | 36,564,622 | 10,349,710 |
| 2083 | 36,749,680 | 10,356,602 |
| 2082 | 36,936,644 | 10,362,422 |
| 2081 | 37,133,976 | 10,366,587 |
| 2080 | 37,337,517 | 10,369,293 |
| 2079 | 37,551,557 | 10,370,130 |
| 2078 | 37,771,135 | 10,369,013 |
| 2077 | 38,002,963 | 10,366,366 |
| 2076 | 38,249,247 | 10,361,975 |
| 2075 | 38,506,040 | 10,355,755 |
| 2074 | 38,777,715 | 10,348,384 |
| 2073 | 39,056,249 | 10,339,415 |
| 2072 | 39,348,447 | 10,328,653 |
| 2071 | 39,642,346 | 10,316,618 |
| 2070 | 39,949,413 | 10,303,565 |
| 2069 | 40,256,590 | 10,289,578 |
| 2068 | 40,575,543 | 10,274,625 |
| 2067 | 40,893,798 | 10,258,518 |
| 2066 | 41,218,263 | 10,241,362 |
| 2065 | 41,543,254 | 10,223,420 |
| 2064 | 41,878,338 | 10,204,034 |
| 2063 | 42,208,320 | 10,183,241 |
| 2062 | 42,542,893 | 10,160,903 |
| 2061 | 42,874,096 | 10,136,928 |
| 2060 | 43,191,452 | 10,111,369 |
| 2059 | 43,506,737 | 10,083,631 |
| 2058 | 43,809,907 | 10,052,905 |
| 2057 | 44,112,668 | 10,019,547 |
| 2056 | 44,415,689 | 9,983,379 |
| 2055 | 44,691,749 | 9,943,931 |
| 2054 | 44,958,971 | 9,901,473 |
| 2053 | 45,223,225 | 9,854,931 |
| 2052 | 45,470,541 | 9,804,909 |
| 2051 | 45,695,307 | 9,751,221 |
| 2050 | 45,911,520 | 9,693,713 |
| 2049 | 46,127,777 | 9,632,600 |
| 2048 | 46,322,244 | 9,567,946 |
| 2047 | 46,510,152 | 9,500,139 |
| 2046 | 46,687,914 | 9,429,355 |
| 2045 | 46,858,778 | 9,356,194 |
| 2044 | 47,016,278 | 9,280,988 |
| 2043 | 47,158,325 | 9,204,466 |
| 2042 | 47,301,091 | 9,126,898 |
| 2041 | 47,434,593 | 9,048,356 |
| 2040 | 47,563,236 | 8,969,478 |
| 2039 | 47,685,343 | 8,890,225 |
| 2038 | 47,798,797 | 8,810,850 |
| 2037 | 47,910,899 | 8,731,367 |
| 2036 | 48,020,350 | 8,651,719 |
| 2035 | 48,124,430 | 8,572,231 |
| 2034 | 48,220,051 | 8,492,483 |
| 2033 | 48,311,842 | 8,412,113 |
| 2032 | 48,402,470 | 8,330,912 |
| 2031 | 48,495,278 | 8,248,129 |
| 2030 | 48,579,920 | 8,163,024 |
| 2029 | 48,648,699 | 8,070,023 |
| 2028 | 48,707,969 | 7,969,080 |
| 2027 | 48,758,200 | 7,860,774 |
| 2026 | 48,806,901 | 7,745,331 |
| 2025 | 48,838,057 | 7,623,184 |
| 2024 | 48,848,840 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 48,352,528 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 47,786,102 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 47,443,821 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 47,359,424 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 47,118,501 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 46,782,011 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 46,571,232 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 46,458,139 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 46,422,303 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 46,460,733 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 46,604,197 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 46,773,055 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 46,742,697 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 46,576,897 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 46,362,946 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 45,954,106 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 45,226,803 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 44,397,319 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 43,653,155 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 42,921,895 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 42,187,645 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 41,431,558 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 40,850,412 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 40,567,864 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 40,386,875 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 40,223,509 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 40,057,389 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 39,889,852 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 39,724,050 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 39,549,108 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 39,361,262 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 39,157,685 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 38,966,376 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 38,867,322 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 38,827,764 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 38,766,939 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 38,684,815 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 38,584,624 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 38,469,512 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 38,330,364 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 38,171,525 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 37,986,012 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 37,758,631 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 37,491,165 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 37,191,330 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 36,864,898 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 36,511,638 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 36,137,812 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 35,757,900 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 35,373,335 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 34,988,947 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 34,604,469 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 34,224,490 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 33,814,531 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 33,441,054 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 33,113,134 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 32,682,947 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 32,283,194 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 31,954,292 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 31,609,195 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 31,296,651 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 31,023,366 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 30,739,250 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 30,455,000 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Spain increased by 2,060,820 people (a 4.64% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Spain gained 2,348,762 people (a 5.06% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,416,516 people (a 22.3% growth).
Spain was ranked 28th most populous country in 2006 and is 32nd in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Spain's population will shrink by 5.93% to 45,911,520 people with a rank change from 32nd to 47th. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.7% to 9,693,713 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.
Turkmenistan is projected to reach its peak in 2079 at 10.4M people, while Spain's population already peaked in 2024 at 48.8M people and is projected to decrease to 33.9M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.52% | -0.29% |
| 2099 | -0.51% | -0.27% |
| 2098 | -0.5% | -0.26% |
| 2097 | -0.48% | -0.24% |
| 2096 | -0.48% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | -0.47% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | -0.46% | -0.21% |
| 2093 | -0.46% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | -0.46% | -0.18% |
| 2091 | -0.48% | -0.17% |
| 2090 | -0.48% | -0.15% |
| 2089 | -0.47% | -0.14% |
| 2088 | -0.46% | -0.13% |
| 2087 | -0.46% | -0.11% |
| 2086 | -0.48% | -0.1% |
| 2085 | -0.49% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | -0.5% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | -0.51% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | -0.53% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | -0.55% | -0.03% |
| 2080 | -0.57% | -0.008% |
| 2079 | -0.58% | 0.01% |
| 2078 | -0.61% | 0.03% |
| 2077 | -0.64% | 0.04% |
| 2076 | -0.67% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | -0.7% | 0.07% |
| 2074 | -0.71% | 0.09% |
| 2073 | -0.74% | 0.1% |
| 2072 | -0.74% | 0.12% |
| 2071 | -0.77% | 0.13% |
| 2070 | -0.76% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | -0.79% | 0.15% |
| 2068 | -0.78% | 0.16% |
| 2067 | -0.79% | 0.17% |
| 2066 | -0.78% | 0.18% |
| 2065 | -0.8% | 0.19% |
| 2064 | -0.78% | 0.2% |
| 2063 | -0.79% | 0.22% |
| 2062 | -0.77% | 0.24% |
| 2061 | -0.73% | 0.25% |
| 2060 | -0.72% | 0.28% |
| 2059 | -0.69% | 0.31% |
| 2058 | -0.69% | 0.33% |
| 2057 | -0.68% | 0.36% |
| 2056 | -0.62% | 0.4% |
| 2055 | -0.59% | 0.43% |
| 2054 | -0.58% | 0.47% |
| 2053 | -0.54% | 0.51% |
| 2052 | -0.49% | 0.55% |
| 2051 | -0.47% | 0.59% |
| 2050 | -0.47% | 0.63% |
| 2049 | -0.42% | 0.68% |
| 2048 | -0.4% | 0.71% |
| 2047 | -0.38% | 0.75% |
| 2046 | -0.36% | 0.78% |
| 2045 | -0.33% | 0.81% |
| 2044 | -0.3% | 0.83% |
| 2043 | -0.3% | 0.85% |
| 2042 | -0.28% | 0.87% |
| 2041 | -0.27% | 0.88% |
| 2040 | -0.26% | 0.89% |
| 2039 | -0.24% | 0.9% |
| 2038 | -0.23% | 0.91% |
| 2037 | -0.23% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | -0.22% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | -0.2% | 0.94% |
| 2034 | -0.19% | 0.96% |
| 2033 | -0.19% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | -0.19% | 1% |
| 2031 | -0.17% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | -0.14% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | -0.12% | 1.27% |
| 2028 | -0.1% | 1.38% |
| 2027 | -0.1% | 1.49% |
| 2026 | -0.06% | 1.6% |
| 2025 | -0.02% | 1.72% |
| 2024 | 1.03% | 1.77% |
| 2023 | 1.19% | 1.86% |
| 2022 | 0.72% | 1.95% |
| 2021 | 0.18% | 2.05% |
| 2020 | 0.51% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 0.72% | 2.23% |
| 2018 | 0.45% | 2.28% |
| 2017 | 0.24% | 2.31% |
| 2016 | 0.08% | 2.32% |
| 2015 | -0.08% | 2.31% |
| 2014 | -0.31% | 2.29% |
| 2013 | -0.36% | 2.25% |
| 2012 | 0.06% | 2.2% |
| 2011 | 0.36% | 2.14% |
| 2010 | 0.46% | 2.07% |
| 2009 | 0.89% | 1.99% |
| 2008 | 1.61% | 1.93% |
| 2007 | 1.87% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | 1.7% | 1.88% |
| 2005 | 1.7% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 1.74% | 1.94% |
| 2003 | 1.82% | 1.98% |
| 2002 | 1.42% | 2.01% |
| 2001 | 0.7% | 2.02% |
| 2000 | 0.45% | 2.01% |
| 1999 | 0.41% | 1.85% |
| 1998 | 0.41% | 1.7% |
| 1997 | 0.42% | 1.71% |
| 1996 | 0.42% | 1.73% |
| 1995 | 0.44% | 1.81% |
| 1994 | 0.48% | 2.09% |
| 1993 | 0.52% | 2.22% |
| 1992 | 0.49% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | 0.25% | 2.54% |
| 1990 | 0.1% | 2.68% |
| 1989 | 0.16% | 2.9% |
| 1988 | 0.21% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 0.26% | 3.13% |
| 1986 | 0.3% | 3.09% |
| 1985 | 0.36% | 2.96% |
| 1984 | 0.42% | 2.82% |
| 1983 | 0.49% | 2.75% |
| 1982 | 0.6% | 2.7% |
| 1981 | 0.71% | 2.65% |
| 1980 | 0.81% | 2.6% |
| 1979 | 0.89% | 2.57% |
| 1978 | 0.97% | 2.56% |
| 1977 | 1.03% | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 1.06% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 1.09% | 2.57% |
| 1974 | 1.1% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 1.11% | 2.57% |
| 1972 | 1.11% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 1.21% | 2.62% |
| 1970 | 1.12% | 2.65% |
| 1969 | 0.99% | 2.69% |
| 1968 | 1.32% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 1.24% | 2.82% |
| 1966 | 1.03% | 2.91% |
| 1965 | 1.09% | 3.01% |
| 1964 | 1% | 3.09% |
| 1963 | 0.88% | 3.15% |
| 1962 | 0.92% | 3.17% |
| 1961 | 0.93% | 3.16% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Spain grew by 1.03%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.77%.
Live population counters
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
48806901
|
7776557
|
| Population rank | 32/197 | 104/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.59% | 0.09% |
| One net population change |
1.06 minutes
|
4.04 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.62 minutes
|
3.28 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.21 minutes
|
12.3 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,360 | +356 |
| Annual growth/decline | +496,312 | +130,060 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.03% | +1.77% |
| Population growth rate rank | 100/197 | 61/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.45 minutes
|
39.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +96,630 | +13,268 |
| Net migration rank | 17/196 | 39/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 8,870,527 | 193,763 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 6/195 | 115/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 18.5% | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 32/195 | 125/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 96,630 | - | 13,268 |
| 2024 | - | 111,674 | - | 14,646 |
| 2023 | -111,211 | 119,099 | 117,529 | 15,005 |
| 2022 | -133,801 | 299,779 | 121,814 | 14,141 |
| 2021 | -113,865 | 144,385 | 122,721 | 17,617 |
| 2020 | -151,551 | 236,854 | 124,014 | 19,913 |
| 2019 | -56,542 | 464,783 | 128,275 | 19,735 |
| 2018 | -56,139 | 337,467 | 129,537 | 19,293 |
| 2017 | -32,600 | 201,135 | 131,417 | 16,678 |
| 2016 | 0 | 106,474 | 132,581 | 13,365 |
| 2015 | -4,642 | -1,979 | 132,663 | 9,936 |
| 2014 | 32,522 | -97,870 | 129,677 | 8,696 |
| 2013 | 37,284 | -250,741 | 126,217 | 7,287 |
| 2012 | 51,450 | -153,486 | 120,957 | 7,125 |
| 2011 | 84,137 | 60,761 | 115,197 | 6,992 |
| 2010 | 102,469 | 69,406 | 109,318 | 6,621 |
| 2009 | 106,635 | 129,557 | 102,931 | 6,656 |
| 2008 | 133,267 | 434,135 | 96,815 | 6,734 |
| 2007 | 108,545 | 772,317 | 92,038 | 6,388 |
| 2006 | 110,994 | 659,720 | 87,840 | 7,613 |
| 2005 | 78,576 | 629,803 | 83,968 | 10,263 |
| 2004 | 85,844 | 661,158 | 79,850 | 14,242 |
| 2003 | 54,844 | 658,428 | 76,737 | 17,625 |
| 2002 | 53,861 | 737,880 | 75,639 | 18,803 |
| 2001 | 44,936 | 181,307 | 76,682 | 16,982 |
| 2000 | 36,512 | 176,269 | 76,875 | 14,925 |
| 1999 | 8,077 | 178,559 | 76,362 | 12,859 |
| 1998 | 4,022 | 182,926 | 77,342 | -3,239 |
| 1997 | 20,028 | 165,345 | 79,045 | -5,600 |
| 1996 | 11,967 | 162,704 | 80,996 | -8,627 |
| 1995 | 15,889 | 162,434 | 86,289 | -13,423 |
| 1994 | 31,639 | 160,407 | 89,319 | -13,094 |
| 1993 | 47,234 | 160,907 | 92,596 | -312 |
| 1992 | 62,652 | 177,544 | 96,668 | -13,517 |
| 1991 | 58,450 | 122,841 | 99,297 | -4,864 |
| 1990 | 66,075 | -30,684 | 101,099 | -4,864 |
| 1989 | 81,538 | -25,892 | 103,553 | -3,576 |
| 1988 | 100,794 | -17,663 | 104,802 | 1,408 |
| 1987 | 116,054 | -12,681 | 103,885 | 3,161 |
| 1986 | 131,188 | -13,540 | 100,930 | 1,878 |
| 1985 | 146,184 | -589 | 95,890 | 1,861 |
| 1984 | 172,487 | 2,754 | 90,591 | -1,427 |
| 1983 | 183,223 | 1,241 | 85,183 | -1,264 |
| 1982 | 231,714 | -7,384 | 80,989 | -961 |
| 1981 | 237,879 | 2,563 | 77,829 | -1,102 |
| 1980 | 281,184 | 20,166 | 74,394 | -1,152 |
| 1979 | 312,407 | -5,929 | 71,135 | -677 |
| 1978 | 339,157 | -2,504 | 68,437 | -350 |
| 1977 | 361,465 | -1,332 | 66,318 | -132 |
| 1976 | 375,834 | 2,804 | 64,513 | 160 |
| 1975 | 371,882 | -218 | 62,681 | 550 |
| 1974 | 396,182 | 105,838 | 60,925 | 924 |
| 1973 | 374,381 | 8,624 | 59,169 | 1,194 |
| 1972 | 391,030 | 7,935 | 57,326 | 1,293 |
| 1971 | 369,625 | 7,363 | 56,666 | 1,348 |
| 1970 | 378,723 | -60,580 | 55,617 | 1,376 |
| 1969 | 367,851 | -49,956 | 54,791 | 1,397 |
| 1968 | 387,423 | -46,088 | 54,324 | 1,401 |
| 1967 | 402,001 | -42,344 | 54,209 | 1,397 |
| 1966 | 397,084 | -41,467 | 54,353 | 1,377 |
| 1965 | 405,819 | -42,476 | 54,558 | 1,366 |
| 1964 | 429,885 | -41,461 | 54,574 | 1,340 |
| 1963 | 394,338 | -44,446 | 54,203 | 1,332 |
| 1962 | 384,690 | -45,211 | 53,248 | 1,337 |
| 1961 | 396,537 | -46,517 | 51,659 | 1,372 |
| 1960 | 398,960 | -154,869 | 49,436 | 1,421 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 25.8% of the population change in Spain is from natural causes (a loss of 627,829 people) and 74.2% is from migration (a gain of 1,810,127 people). In Turkmenistan 89.2% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,270,228 people) and 10.8% is from migration (a gain of 154,379 people).
As of 2024, 8,870,527 residents or 18.5% of the population were not native-born in Spain, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Madrid | 3.51M |
| Barcelona | 1.73M |
| Tenerife | 955K |
| Valencia | 841K |
| Zaragoza | 693K |
| Seville | 689K |
| Malaga | 599K |
| Palma de Mallorca | 435K |
| Las Palmas | 382K |
| Alicante | 366K |
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ashgabat | 1.03M |
| Turkmenabat | 231K |
| Dasoguz | 227K |
| Mary | 126K |
| Anau | 29.6K |
| Baherden | 24.7K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Spain and Turkmenistan
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 84.1 years | 70.5 years |
| Average age | 44.7 years | 29.1 years |
| Median age | 46.4 years | 27.5 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.12 births per woman | 2.69 births per woman |
| Population density | 253 ppl/mi² | 42.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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