The latest officially reported population of Spain was 49,355,143 in 2025 vs 7,618,847 people in Turkmenistan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Spain's population is 49,323,658 people compared to 7,800,189 in Turkmenistan.
Population statistics:
- Spain's population is 6.32 times bigger than Turkmenistan's.
- Spain is ranked the 32nd most populous country in the world, while Turkmenistan is the 104th.
- The countries together account for 0.69% of the world: 0.59% for Spain vs 0.09% for Turkmenistan.
- For the last 10 years, Spain has had an average growth rate of +0.55% per year vs +2.08% in Turkmenistan.
- Since 2006, the population of Spain has increased from 44.4M people to 49.3M (11.1% growth), while Turkmenistan has grown from 5.15M to 7.8M (51.5% growth).
Spain vs Turkmenistan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | 34,221,514 | 10,041,228 |
| 2099 | 34,400,373 | 10,070,007 |
| 2098 | 34,577,450 | 10,097,571 |
| 2097 | 34,751,199 | 10,123,813 |
| 2096 | 34,917,831 | 10,148,560 |
| 2095 | 35,087,012 | 10,172,371 |
| 2094 | 35,251,362 | 10,194,567 |
| 2093 | 35,415,082 | 10,215,533 |
| 2092 | 35,577,396 | 10,235,132 |
| 2091 | 35,741,351 | 10,253,189 |
| 2090 | 35,912,083 | 10,270,414 |
| 2089 | 36,086,009 | 10,285,963 |
| 2088 | 36,257,546 | 10,300,439 |
| 2087 | 36,424,826 | 10,313,629 |
| 2086 | 36,594,101 | 10,325,212 |
| 2085 | 36,771,456 | 10,335,299 |
| 2084 | 36,951,760 | 10,343,821 |
| 2083 | 37,138,777 | 10,350,710 |
| 2082 | 37,327,720 | 10,356,526 |
| 2081 | 37,527,142 | 10,360,689 |
| 2080 | 37,732,838 | 10,363,394 |
| 2079 | 37,949,144 | 10,364,229 |
| 2078 | 38,171,047 | 10,363,113 |
| 2077 | 38,405,329 | 10,360,467 |
| 2076 | 38,654,221 | 10,356,079 |
| 2075 | 38,913,733 | 10,349,863 |
| 2074 | 39,188,284 | 10,342,496 |
| 2073 | 39,469,767 | 10,333,532 |
| 2072 | 39,765,059 | 10,322,776 |
| 2071 | 40,062,070 | 10,310,748 |
| 2070 | 40,372,388 | 10,297,702 |
| 2069 | 40,682,818 | 10,283,723 |
| 2068 | 41,005,148 | 10,268,779 |
| 2067 | 41,326,772 | 10,252,681 |
| 2066 | 41,654,672 | 10,235,535 |
| 2065 | 41,983,104 | 10,217,603 |
| 2064 | 42,321,736 | 10,198,228 |
| 2063 | 42,655,212 | 10,177,447 |
| 2062 | 42,993,328 | 10,155,121 |
| 2061 | 43,328,037 | 10,131,160 |
| 2060 | 43,648,753 | 10,105,616 |
| 2059 | 43,967,376 | 10,077,893 |
| 2058 | 44,273,756 | 10,047,185 |
| 2057 | 44,579,723 | 10,013,846 |
| 2056 | 44,885,952 | 9,977,699 |
| 2055 | 45,164,935 | 9,938,273 |
| 2054 | 45,434,986 | 9,895,840 |
| 2053 | 45,702,038 | 9,849,324 |
| 2052 | 45,951,973 | 9,799,331 |
| 2051 | 46,179,119 | 9,745,673 |
| 2050 | 46,397,620 | 9,688,197 |
| 2049 | 46,616,167 | 9,627,119 |
| 2048 | 46,812,693 | 9,562,502 |
| 2047 | 47,002,591 | 9,494,734 |
| 2046 | 47,182,235 | 9,423,990 |
| 2045 | 47,354,908 | 9,350,870 |
| 2044 | 47,514,076 | 9,275,707 |
| 2043 | 47,657,627 | 9,199,229 |
| 2042 | 47,801,904 | 9,121,705 |
| 2041 | 47,936,819 | 9,043,208 |
| 2040 | 48,066,825 | 8,964,374 |
| 2039 | 48,190,225 | 8,885,167 |
| 2038 | 48,304,880 | 8,805,836 |
| 2037 | 48,418,168 | 8,726,399 |
| 2036 | 48,528,778 | 8,646,796 |
| 2035 | 48,633,960 | 8,567,354 |
| 2034 | 48,730,594 | 8,487,651 |
| 2033 | 48,823,356 | 8,407,327 |
| 2032 | 48,914,944 | 8,326,172 |
| 2031 | 49,008,735 | 8,243,436 |
| 2030 | 49,094,273 | 8,158,380 |
| 2029 | 49,163,780 | 8,065,431 |
| 2028 | 49,223,677 | 7,964,546 |
| 2027 | 49,274,441 | 7,856,302 |
| 2026 | 49,323,658 | 7,740,924 |
| 2025 | 49,355,143 | 7,618,847 |
| 2024 | 48,848,840 | 7,494,498 |
| 2023 | 48,352,528 | 7,364,438 |
| 2022 | 47,786,102 | 7,230,193 |
| 2021 | 47,443,821 | 7,092,043 |
| 2020 | 47,359,424 | 6,949,912 |
| 2019 | 47,118,501 | 6,803,944 |
| 2018 | 46,782,011 | 6,655,524 |
| 2017 | 46,571,232 | 6,507,061 |
| 2016 | 46,458,139 | 6,360,041 |
| 2015 | 46,422,303 | 6,215,770 |
| 2014 | 46,460,733 | 6,075,283 |
| 2013 | 46,604,197 | 5,939,341 |
| 2012 | 46,773,055 | 5,808,546 |
| 2011 | 46,742,697 | 5,683,417 |
| 2010 | 46,576,897 | 5,564,356 |
| 2009 | 46,362,946 | 5,451,592 |
| 2008 | 45,954,106 | 5,345,029 |
| 2007 | 45,226,803 | 5,244,046 |
| 2006 | 44,397,319 | 5,147,105 |
| 2005 | 43,653,155 | 5,052,257 |
| 2004 | 42,921,895 | 4,958,093 |
| 2003 | 42,187,645 | 4,863,865 |
| 2002 | 41,431,558 | 4,769,465 |
| 2001 | 40,850,412 | 4,675,409 |
| 2000 | 40,567,864 | 4,582,677 |
| 1999 | 40,386,875 | 4,492,170 |
| 1998 | 40,223,509 | 4,410,507 |
| 1997 | 40,057,389 | 4,336,730 |
| 1996 | 39,889,852 | 4,263,819 |
| 1995 | 39,724,050 | 4,191,203 |
| 1994 | 39,549,108 | 4,116,662 |
| 1993 | 39,361,262 | 4,032,407 |
| 1992 | 39,157,685 | 3,944,689 |
| 1991 | 38,966,376 | 3,855,894 |
| 1990 | 38,867,322 | 3,760,562 |
| 1989 | 38,827,764 | 3,662,459 |
| 1988 | 38,766,939 | 3,559,363 |
| 1987 | 38,684,815 | 3,452,731 |
| 1986 | 38,584,624 | 3,347,809 |
| 1985 | 38,469,512 | 3,247,534 |
| 1984 | 38,330,364 | 3,154,079 |
| 1983 | 38,171,525 | 3,067,534 |
| 1982 | 37,986,012 | 2,985,557 |
| 1981 | 37,758,631 | 2,907,187 |
| 1980 | 37,491,165 | 2,832,203 |
| 1979 | 37,191,330 | 2,760,358 |
| 1978 | 36,864,898 | 2,691,088 |
| 1977 | 36,511,638 | 2,623,948 |
| 1976 | 36,137,812 | 2,558,521 |
| 1975 | 35,757,900 | 2,494,570 |
| 1974 | 35,373,335 | 2,432,028 |
| 1973 | 34,988,947 | 2,370,919 |
| 1972 | 34,604,469 | 2,311,430 |
| 1971 | 34,224,490 | 2,253,119 |
| 1970 | 33,814,531 | 2,195,616 |
| 1969 | 33,441,054 | 2,139,024 |
| 1968 | 33,113,134 | 2,083,069 |
| 1967 | 32,682,947 | 2,027,403 |
| 1966 | 32,283,194 | 1,971,737 |
| 1965 | 31,954,292 | 1,915,916 |
| 1964 | 31,609,195 | 1,859,997 |
| 1963 | 31,296,651 | 1,804,272 |
| 1962 | 31,023,366 | 1,749,214 |
| 1961 | 30,739,250 | 1,695,400 |
| 1960 | 30,455,000 | 1,643,457 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Spain increased by 2,060,820 people (a 4.64% growth), while Turkmenistan gained 1,212,936 people (a 23.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Spain gained 2,865,519 people (a 6.17% growth), while Turkmenistan's population increased by 1,440,148 people (a 22.6% growth).
Spain was ranked 28th most populous country in 2006 and is 32nd in 2026. Turkmenistan was ranked 113th in 2006 and ranked 104th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Spain's population will shrink by 5.93% to 46,397,620 people with a rank change from 32nd to 46th. The population of Turkmenistan will increase by 24.2% to 9,688,197 people and rank change from 104th to 101st.
Turkmenistan is projected to reach its peak in 2079 at 10.4M people, while Spain's population already peaked in 2025 at 49.4M people and is projected to decrease to 34.2M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.52% | -0.29% |
| 2099 | -0.51% | -0.27% |
| 2098 | -0.5% | -0.26% |
| 2097 | -0.48% | -0.24% |
| 2096 | -0.48% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | -0.47% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | -0.46% | -0.21% |
| 2093 | -0.46% | -0.19% |
| 2092 | -0.46% | -0.18% |
| 2091 | -0.48% | -0.17% |
| 2090 | -0.48% | -0.15% |
| 2089 | -0.47% | -0.14% |
| 2088 | -0.46% | -0.13% |
| 2087 | -0.46% | -0.11% |
| 2086 | -0.48% | -0.1% |
| 2085 | -0.49% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | -0.5% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | -0.51% | -0.06% |
| 2082 | -0.53% | -0.04% |
| 2081 | -0.55% | -0.03% |
| 2080 | -0.57% | -0.008% |
| 2079 | -0.58% | 0.01% |
| 2078 | -0.61% | 0.03% |
| 2077 | -0.64% | 0.04% |
| 2076 | -0.67% | 0.06% |
| 2075 | -0.7% | 0.07% |
| 2074 | -0.71% | 0.09% |
| 2073 | -0.74% | 0.1% |
| 2072 | -0.74% | 0.12% |
| 2071 | -0.77% | 0.13% |
| 2070 | -0.76% | 0.14% |
| 2069 | -0.79% | 0.15% |
| 2068 | -0.78% | 0.16% |
| 2067 | -0.79% | 0.17% |
| 2066 | -0.78% | 0.18% |
| 2065 | -0.8% | 0.19% |
| 2064 | -0.78% | 0.2% |
| 2063 | -0.79% | 0.22% |
| 2062 | -0.77% | 0.24% |
| 2061 | -0.73% | 0.25% |
| 2060 | -0.72% | 0.28% |
| 2059 | -0.69% | 0.31% |
| 2058 | -0.69% | 0.33% |
| 2057 | -0.68% | 0.36% |
| 2056 | -0.62% | 0.4% |
| 2055 | -0.59% | 0.43% |
| 2054 | -0.58% | 0.47% |
| 2053 | -0.54% | 0.51% |
| 2052 | -0.49% | 0.55% |
| 2051 | -0.47% | 0.59% |
| 2050 | -0.47% | 0.63% |
| 2049 | -0.42% | 0.68% |
| 2048 | -0.4% | 0.71% |
| 2047 | -0.38% | 0.75% |
| 2046 | -0.36% | 0.78% |
| 2045 | -0.33% | 0.81% |
| 2044 | -0.3% | 0.83% |
| 2043 | -0.3% | 0.85% |
| 2042 | -0.28% | 0.87% |
| 2041 | -0.27% | 0.88% |
| 2040 | -0.26% | 0.89% |
| 2039 | -0.24% | 0.9% |
| 2038 | -0.23% | 0.91% |
| 2037 | -0.23% | 0.92% |
| 2036 | -0.22% | 0.93% |
| 2035 | -0.2% | 0.94% |
| 2034 | -0.19% | 0.96% |
| 2033 | -0.19% | 0.97% |
| 2032 | -0.19% | 1% |
| 2031 | -0.17% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | -0.14% | 1.15% |
| 2029 | -0.12% | 1.27% |
| 2028 | -0.1% | 1.38% |
| 2027 | -0.1% | 1.49% |
| 2026 | -0.06% | 1.6% |
| 2025 | 1.04% | 1.66% |
| 2024 | 1.03% | 1.77% |
| 2023 | 1.19% | 1.86% |
| 2022 | 0.72% | 1.95% |
| 2021 | 0.18% | 2.05% |
| 2020 | 0.51% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 0.72% | 2.23% |
| 2018 | 0.45% | 2.28% |
| 2017 | 0.24% | 2.31% |
| 2016 | 0.08% | 2.32% |
| 2015 | -0.08% | 2.31% |
| 2014 | -0.31% | 2.29% |
| 2013 | -0.36% | 2.25% |
| 2012 | 0.06% | 2.2% |
| 2011 | 0.36% | 2.14% |
| 2010 | 0.46% | 2.07% |
| 2009 | 0.89% | 1.99% |
| 2008 | 1.61% | 1.93% |
| 2007 | 1.87% | 1.88% |
| 2006 | 1.7% | 1.88% |
| 2005 | 1.7% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 1.74% | 1.94% |
| 2003 | 1.82% | 1.98% |
| 2002 | 1.42% | 2.01% |
| 2001 | 0.7% | 2.02% |
| 2000 | 0.45% | 2.01% |
| 1999 | 0.41% | 1.85% |
| 1998 | 0.41% | 1.7% |
| 1997 | 0.42% | 1.71% |
| 1996 | 0.42% | 1.73% |
| 1995 | 0.44% | 1.81% |
| 1994 | 0.48% | 2.09% |
| 1993 | 0.52% | 2.22% |
| 1992 | 0.49% | 2.3% |
| 1991 | 0.25% | 2.54% |
| 1990 | 0.1% | 2.68% |
| 1989 | 0.16% | 2.9% |
| 1988 | 0.21% | 3.09% |
| 1987 | 0.26% | 3.13% |
| 1986 | 0.3% | 3.09% |
| 1985 | 0.36% | 2.96% |
| 1984 | 0.42% | 2.82% |
| 1983 | 0.49% | 2.75% |
| 1982 | 0.6% | 2.7% |
| 1981 | 0.71% | 2.65% |
| 1980 | 0.81% | 2.6% |
| 1979 | 0.89% | 2.57% |
| 1978 | 0.97% | 2.56% |
| 1977 | 1.03% | 2.56% |
| 1976 | 1.06% | 2.56% |
| 1975 | 1.09% | 2.57% |
| 1974 | 1.1% | 2.58% |
| 1973 | 1.11% | 2.57% |
| 1972 | 1.11% | 2.59% |
| 1971 | 1.21% | 2.62% |
| 1970 | 1.12% | 2.65% |
| 1969 | 0.99% | 2.69% |
| 1968 | 1.32% | 2.75% |
| 1967 | 1.24% | 2.82% |
| 1966 | 1.03% | 2.91% |
| 1965 | 1.09% | 3.01% |
| 1964 | 1% | 3.09% |
| 1963 | 0.88% | 3.15% |
| 1962 | 0.92% | 3.17% |
| 1961 | 0.93% | 3.16% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Spain grew by 1.04%, while Turkmenistan's population grew by 1.66%.
Live population counters
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
49323658
|
7800189
|
| Population rank | 32/197 | 104/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.59% | 0.09% |
| One net population change |
1.04 minutes
|
4.24 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.66 minutes
|
3.35 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.21 minutes
|
12 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,387 | +341 |
| Annual growth/decline | +506,303 | +124,349 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.04% | +1.66% |
| Population growth rate rank | 98/197 | 63/197 |
| One migration net change every |
5.45 minutes
|
39.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +96,630 | +13,268 |
| Net migration rank | 17/196 | 39/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 8,870,527 | 193,763 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 6/195 | 115/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 18.5% | 2.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 32/195 | 125/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 96,630 | - | 13,268 |
| 2024 | -117,237 | 111,674 | 112,942 | 14,646 |
| 2023 | -116,046 | 119,099 | 117,529 | 15,005 |
| 2022 | -133,801 | 299,779 | 121,814 | 14,141 |
| 2021 | -113,865 | 144,385 | 122,721 | 17,617 |
| 2020 | -151,551 | 236,854 | 124,014 | 19,913 |
| 2019 | -56,542 | 464,783 | 128,275 | 19,735 |
| 2018 | -56,139 | 337,467 | 129,537 | 19,293 |
| 2017 | -32,600 | 201,135 | 131,417 | 16,678 |
| 2016 | 0 | 106,474 | 132,581 | 13,365 |
| 2015 | -4,642 | -1,979 | 132,663 | 9,936 |
| 2014 | 32,522 | -97,870 | 129,677 | 8,696 |
| 2013 | 37,284 | -250,741 | 126,217 | 7,287 |
| 2012 | 51,450 | -153,486 | 120,957 | 7,125 |
| 2011 | 84,137 | 60,761 | 115,197 | 6,992 |
| 2010 | 102,469 | 69,406 | 109,318 | 6,621 |
| 2009 | 106,635 | 129,557 | 102,931 | 6,656 |
| 2008 | 133,267 | 434,135 | 96,815 | 6,734 |
| 2007 | 108,545 | 772,317 | 92,038 | 6,388 |
| 2006 | 110,994 | 659,720 | 87,840 | 7,613 |
| 2005 | 78,576 | 629,803 | 83,968 | 10,263 |
| 2004 | 85,844 | 661,158 | 79,850 | 14,242 |
| 2003 | 54,844 | 658,428 | 76,737 | 17,625 |
| 2002 | 53,861 | 737,880 | 75,639 | 18,803 |
| 2001 | 44,936 | 181,307 | 76,682 | 16,982 |
| 2000 | 36,512 | 176,269 | 76,875 | 14,925 |
| 1999 | 8,077 | 178,559 | 76,362 | 12,859 |
| 1998 | 4,022 | 182,926 | 77,342 | -3,239 |
| 1997 | 20,028 | 165,345 | 79,045 | -5,600 |
| 1996 | 11,967 | 162,704 | 80,996 | -8,627 |
| 1995 | 15,889 | 162,434 | 86,289 | -13,423 |
| 1994 | 31,639 | 160,407 | 89,319 | -13,094 |
| 1993 | 47,234 | 160,907 | 92,596 | -312 |
| 1992 | 62,652 | 177,544 | 96,668 | -13,517 |
| 1991 | 58,450 | 122,841 | 99,297 | -4,864 |
| 1990 | 66,075 | -30,684 | 101,099 | -4,864 |
| 1989 | 81,538 | -25,892 | 103,553 | -3,576 |
| 1988 | 100,794 | -17,663 | 104,802 | 1,408 |
| 1987 | 116,054 | -12,681 | 103,885 | 3,161 |
| 1986 | 131,188 | -13,540 | 100,930 | 1,878 |
| 1985 | 146,184 | -589 | 95,890 | 1,861 |
| 1984 | 172,487 | 2,754 | 90,591 | -1,427 |
| 1983 | 183,223 | 1,241 | 85,183 | -1,264 |
| 1982 | 231,714 | -7,384 | 80,989 | -961 |
| 1981 | 237,879 | 2,563 | 77,829 | -1,102 |
| 1980 | 281,184 | 20,166 | 74,394 | -1,152 |
| 1979 | 312,407 | -5,929 | 71,135 | -677 |
| 1978 | 339,157 | -2,504 | 68,437 | -350 |
| 1977 | 361,465 | -1,332 | 66,318 | -132 |
| 1976 | 375,834 | 2,804 | 64,513 | 160 |
| 1975 | 371,882 | -218 | 62,681 | 550 |
| 1974 | 396,182 | 105,838 | 60,925 | 924 |
| 1973 | 374,381 | 8,624 | 59,169 | 1,194 |
| 1972 | 391,030 | 7,935 | 57,326 | 1,293 |
| 1971 | 369,625 | 7,363 | 56,666 | 1,348 |
| 1970 | 378,723 | -60,580 | 55,617 | 1,376 |
| 1969 | 367,851 | -49,956 | 54,791 | 1,397 |
| 1968 | 387,423 | -46,088 | 54,324 | 1,401 |
| 1967 | 402,001 | -42,344 | 54,209 | 1,397 |
| 1966 | 397,084 | -41,467 | 54,353 | 1,377 |
| 1965 | 405,819 | -42,476 | 54,558 | 1,366 |
| 1964 | 429,885 | -41,461 | 54,574 | 1,340 |
| 1963 | 394,338 | -44,446 | 54,203 | 1,332 |
| 1962 | 384,690 | -45,211 | 53,248 | 1,337 |
| 1961 | 396,537 | -46,517 | 51,659 | 1,372 |
| 1960 | 398,960 | -154,869 | 49,436 | 1,421 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 27.9% of the population change in Spain is from natural causes (a loss of 782,423 people) and 72.1% is from migration (a gain of 2,019,671 people). In Turkmenistan 88.7% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,253,493 people) and 11.3% is from migration (a gain of 160,329 people).
As of 2024, 8,870,527 residents or 18.5% of the population were not native-born in Spain, compared to 193,763 people or 2.6% in Turkmenistan.
Biggest cities by population
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Madrid | 3.51M |
| Barcelona | 1.73M |
| Tenerife | 955K |
| Valencia | 841K |
| Zaragoza | 693K |
| Seville | 689K |
| Malaga | 599K |
| Palma de Mallorca | 435K |
| Las Palmas | 382K |
| Alicante | 366K |
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Ashgabat | 1.03M |
| Turkmenabat | 231K |
| Dasoguz | 227K |
| Mary | 126K |
| Anau | 29.6K |
| Baherden | 24.7K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Spain and Turkmenistan
|
Spain
|
Turkmenistan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 84.1 years | 70.5 years |
| Average age | 45 years | 29.4 years |
| Median age | 46.8 years | 27.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.1 births per woman | 2.66 births per woman |
| Population density | 255.7 ppl/mi² | 42.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/spain/turkmenistan | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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