The latest officially reported population of Italy was 58,952,704 in 2024 vs 48,848,840 people in Spain in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Italy's population is 58,562,681 people compared to 48,806,901 in Spain.
Population statistics:
- Italy's population is 1.2 times bigger than Spain's.
- Italy is ranked the 26th most populous country in the world, while Spain is the 32nd.
- The countries together account for 1.3% of the world: 0.71% for Italy vs 0.59% for Spain.
- For the last 10 years, Italy has had an average growth rate of -0.21% per year vs +0.43% in Spain.
- Since 2006, the population of Italy has increased from 58.4M people to 58.6M (0.28% growth), while Spain has grown from 44.4M to 48.8M (9.93% growth).
Italy vs Spain: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Italy
|
Spain
|
|
| 2100 | 35,208,261 | 33,862,981 |
| 2099 | 35,444,989 | 34,039,965 |
| 2098 | 35,676,340 | 34,215,187 |
| 2097 | 35,914,345 | 34,387,116 |
| 2096 | 36,150,501 | 34,552,002 |
| 2095 | 36,386,787 | 34,719,411 |
| 2094 | 36,619,396 | 34,882,039 |
| 2093 | 36,850,181 | 35,044,043 |
| 2092 | 37,089,746 | 35,204,657 |
| 2091 | 37,323,400 | 35,366,895 |
| 2090 | 37,560,976 | 35,535,838 |
| 2089 | 37,802,157 | 35,707,942 |
| 2088 | 38,040,056 | 35,877,681 |
| 2087 | 38,280,439 | 36,043,209 |
| 2086 | 38,517,279 | 36,210,710 |
| 2085 | 38,761,126 | 36,386,207 |
| 2084 | 39,008,873 | 36,564,622 |
| 2083 | 39,255,273 | 36,749,680 |
| 2082 | 39,509,964 | 36,936,644 |
| 2081 | 39,767,732 | 37,133,976 |
| 2080 | 40,030,977 | 37,337,517 |
| 2079 | 40,302,924 | 37,551,557 |
| 2078 | 40,579,648 | 37,771,135 |
| 2077 | 40,860,952 | 38,002,963 |
| 2076 | 41,151,772 | 38,249,247 |
| 2075 | 41,455,646 | 38,506,040 |
| 2074 | 41,779,503 | 38,777,715 |
| 2073 | 42,111,664 | 39,056,249 |
| 2072 | 42,459,257 | 39,348,447 |
| 2071 | 42,814,908 | 39,642,346 |
| 2070 | 43,187,953 | 39,949,413 |
| 2069 | 43,571,469 | 40,256,590 |
| 2068 | 43,964,515 | 40,575,543 |
| 2067 | 44,361,273 | 40,893,798 |
| 2066 | 44,771,926 | 41,218,263 |
| 2065 | 45,197,177 | 41,543,254 |
| 2064 | 45,628,630 | 41,878,338 |
| 2063 | 46,066,216 | 42,208,320 |
| 2062 | 46,517,561 | 42,542,893 |
| 2061 | 46,971,598 | 42,874,096 |
| 2060 | 47,424,830 | 43,191,452 |
| 2059 | 47,879,711 | 43,506,737 |
| 2058 | 48,332,818 | 43,809,907 |
| 2057 | 48,778,066 | 44,112,668 |
| 2056 | 49,222,515 | 44,415,689 |
| 2055 | 49,653,326 | 44,691,749 |
| 2054 | 50,073,600 | 44,958,971 |
| 2053 | 50,488,203 | 45,223,225 |
| 2052 | 50,886,354 | 45,470,541 |
| 2051 | 51,276,616 | 45,695,307 |
| 2050 | 51,663,176 | 45,911,520 |
| 2049 | 52,034,983 | 46,127,777 |
| 2048 | 52,392,012 | 46,322,244 |
| 2047 | 52,745,310 | 46,510,152 |
| 2046 | 53,080,828 | 46,687,914 |
| 2045 | 53,408,660 | 46,858,778 |
| 2044 | 53,723,325 | 47,016,278 |
| 2043 | 54,042,322 | 47,158,325 |
| 2042 | 54,342,628 | 47,301,091 |
| 2041 | 54,629,496 | 47,434,593 |
| 2040 | 54,916,374 | 47,563,236 |
| 2039 | 55,205,078 | 47,685,343 |
| 2038 | 55,481,637 | 47,798,797 |
| 2037 | 55,757,394 | 47,910,899 |
| 2036 | 56,025,224 | 48,020,350 |
| 2035 | 56,295,613 | 48,124,430 |
| 2034 | 56,562,648 | 48,220,051 |
| 2033 | 56,822,364 | 48,311,842 |
| 2032 | 57,078,534 | 48,402,470 |
| 2031 | 57,345,322 | 48,495,278 |
| 2030 | 57,606,120 | 48,579,920 |
| 2029 | 57,851,091 | 48,648,699 |
| 2028 | 58,091,760 | 48,707,969 |
| 2027 | 58,333,039 | 48,758,200 |
| 2026 | 58,562,681 | 48,806,901 |
| 2025 | 58,769,653 | 48,838,057 |
| 2024 | 58,952,704 | 48,848,840 |
| 2023 | 58,984,216 | 48,352,528 |
| 2022 | 59,013,667 | 47,786,102 |
| 2021 | 59,133,173 | 47,443,821 |
| 2020 | 59,438,851 | 47,359,424 |
| 2019 | 59,729,081 | 47,118,501 |
| 2018 | 60,148,658 | 46,782,011 |
| 2017 | 60,002,252 | 46,571,232 |
| 2016 | 60,115,223 | 46,458,139 |
| 2015 | 60,229,605 | 46,422,303 |
| 2014 | 60,320,707 | 46,460,733 |
| 2013 | 60,311,613 | 46,604,197 |
| 2012 | 60,191,247 | 46,773,055 |
| 2011 | 60,026,841 | 46,742,697 |
| 2010 | 59,819,407 | 46,576,897 |
| 2009 | 59,555,454 | 46,362,946 |
| 2008 | 59,211,181 | 45,954,106 |
| 2007 | 58,756,247 | 45,226,803 |
| 2006 | 58,399,861 | 44,397,319 |
| 2005 | 58,166,682 | 43,653,155 |
| 2004 | 57,828,179 | 42,921,895 |
| 2003 | 57,399,184 | 42,187,645 |
| 2002 | 57,089,824 | 41,431,558 |
| 2001 | 56,976,981 | 40,850,412 |
| 2000 | 56,942,108 | 40,567,864 |
| 1999 | 56,916,317 | 40,386,875 |
| 1998 | 56,906,744 | 40,223,509 |
| 1997 | 56,890,372 | 40,057,389 |
| 1996 | 56,860,281 | 39,889,852 |
| 1995 | 56,844,303 | 39,724,050 |
| 1994 | 56,843,400 | 39,549,108 |
| 1993 | 56,831,821 | 39,361,262 |
| 1992 | 56,797,087 | 39,157,685 |
| 1991 | 56,758,521 | 38,966,376 |
| 1990 | 56,719,240 | 38,867,322 |
| 1989 | 56,671,781 | 38,827,764 |
| 1988 | 56,629,288 | 38,766,939 |
| 1987 | 56,601,931 | 38,684,815 |
| 1986 | 56,596,155 | 38,584,624 |
| 1985 | 56,593,071 | 38,469,512 |
| 1984 | 56,576,718 | 38,330,364 |
| 1983 | 56,564,074 | 38,171,525 |
| 1982 | 56,543,548 | 37,986,012 |
| 1981 | 56,501,675 | 37,758,631 |
| 1980 | 56,433,883 | 37,491,165 |
| 1979 | 56,317,749 | 37,191,330 |
| 1978 | 56,155,143 | 36,864,898 |
| 1977 | 55,955,411 | 36,511,638 |
| 1976 | 55,718,260 | 36,137,812 |
| 1975 | 55,441,001 | 35,757,900 |
| 1974 | 55,110,868 | 35,373,335 |
| 1973 | 54,751,406 | 34,988,947 |
| 1972 | 54,381,345 | 34,604,469 |
| 1971 | 54,073,490 | 34,224,490 |
| 1970 | 53,821,850 | 33,814,531 |
| 1969 | 53,537,950 | 33,441,054 |
| 1968 | 53,235,750 | 33,113,134 |
| 1967 | 52,900,500 | 32,682,947 |
| 1966 | 52,519,000 | 32,283,194 |
| 1965 | 52,112,350 | 31,954,292 |
| 1964 | 51,675,350 | 31,609,195 |
| 1963 | 51,252,000 | 31,296,651 |
| 1962 | 50,879,450 | 31,023,366 |
| 1961 | 50,536,350 | 30,739,250 |
| 1960 | 50,199,700 | 30,455,000 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/spain | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Italy increased by 1,715,362 people (a 2.94% growth), while Spain gained 2,060,820 people (a 4.64% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Italy lost 1,552,542 people (a 2.58% decline), while Spain's population increased by 2,348,762 people (a 5.06% growth).
Italy was ranked 23rd most populous country in 2006 and is 26th in 2026. Spain was ranked 28th in 2006 and ranked 32nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Italy's population will shrink by 11.8% to 51,663,176 people with a rank change from 26th to 40th. The population of Spain will decrease by 5.93% to 45,911,520 people and rank change from 32nd to 47th.
Both countries are in a period of decline and in 50 years are projected to lose 29.7% of the population in Italy and 21.6% in Spain.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Italy
|
Spain
|
|
| 2100 | -0.67% | -0.52% |
| 2099 | -0.65% | -0.51% |
| 2098 | -0.66% | -0.5% |
| 2097 | -0.65% | -0.48% |
| 2096 | -0.65% | -0.48% |
| 2095 | -0.64% | -0.47% |
| 2094 | -0.63% | -0.46% |
| 2093 | -0.65% | -0.46% |
| 2092 | -0.63% | -0.46% |
| 2091 | -0.63% | -0.48% |
| 2090 | -0.64% | -0.48% |
| 2089 | -0.63% | -0.47% |
| 2088 | -0.63% | -0.46% |
| 2087 | -0.61% | -0.46% |
| 2086 | -0.63% | -0.48% |
| 2085 | -0.64% | -0.49% |
| 2084 | -0.63% | -0.5% |
| 2083 | -0.64% | -0.51% |
| 2082 | -0.65% | -0.53% |
| 2081 | -0.66% | -0.55% |
| 2080 | -0.67% | -0.57% |
| 2079 | -0.68% | -0.58% |
| 2078 | -0.69% | -0.61% |
| 2077 | -0.71% | -0.64% |
| 2076 | -0.73% | -0.67% |
| 2075 | -0.78% | -0.7% |
| 2074 | -0.79% | -0.71% |
| 2073 | -0.82% | -0.74% |
| 2072 | -0.83% | -0.74% |
| 2071 | -0.86% | -0.77% |
| 2070 | -0.88% | -0.76% |
| 2069 | -0.89% | -0.79% |
| 2068 | -0.89% | -0.78% |
| 2067 | -0.92% | -0.79% |
| 2066 | -0.94% | -0.78% |
| 2065 | -0.95% | -0.8% |
| 2064 | -0.95% | -0.78% |
| 2063 | -0.97% | -0.79% |
| 2062 | -0.97% | -0.77% |
| 2061 | -0.96% | -0.73% |
| 2060 | -0.95% | -0.72% |
| 2059 | -0.94% | -0.69% |
| 2058 | -0.91% | -0.69% |
| 2057 | -0.9% | -0.68% |
| 2056 | -0.87% | -0.62% |
| 2055 | -0.84% | -0.59% |
| 2054 | -0.82% | -0.58% |
| 2053 | -0.78% | -0.54% |
| 2052 | -0.76% | -0.49% |
| 2051 | -0.75% | -0.47% |
| 2050 | -0.71% | -0.47% |
| 2049 | -0.68% | -0.42% |
| 2048 | -0.67% | -0.4% |
| 2047 | -0.63% | -0.38% |
| 2046 | -0.61% | -0.36% |
| 2045 | -0.59% | -0.33% |
| 2044 | -0.59% | -0.3% |
| 2043 | -0.55% | -0.3% |
| 2042 | -0.53% | -0.28% |
| 2041 | -0.52% | -0.27% |
| 2040 | -0.52% | -0.26% |
| 2039 | -0.5% | -0.24% |
| 2038 | -0.49% | -0.23% |
| 2037 | -0.48% | -0.23% |
| 2036 | -0.48% | -0.22% |
| 2035 | -0.47% | -0.2% |
| 2034 | -0.46% | -0.19% |
| 2033 | -0.45% | -0.19% |
| 2032 | -0.47% | -0.19% |
| 2031 | -0.45% | -0.17% |
| 2030 | -0.42% | -0.14% |
| 2029 | -0.41% | -0.12% |
| 2028 | -0.41% | -0.1% |
| 2027 | -0.39% | -0.1% |
| 2026 | -0.35% | -0.06% |
| 2025 | -0.31% | -0.02% |
| 2024 | -0.05% | 1.03% |
| 2023 | -0.05% | 1.19% |
| 2022 | -0.2% | 0.72% |
| 2021 | -0.51% | 0.18% |
| 2020 | -0.49% | 0.51% |
| 2019 | -0.7% | 0.72% |
| 2018 | 0.24% | 0.45% |
| 2017 | -0.19% | 0.24% |
| 2016 | -0.19% | 0.08% |
| 2015 | -0.15% | -0.08% |
| 2014 | 0.02% | -0.31% |
| 2013 | 0.2% | -0.36% |
| 2012 | 0.27% | 0.06% |
| 2011 | 0.35% | 0.36% |
| 2010 | 0.44% | 0.46% |
| 2009 | 0.58% | 0.89% |
| 2008 | 0.77% | 1.61% |
| 2007 | 0.61% | 1.87% |
| 2006 | 0.4% | 1.7% |
| 2005 | 0.59% | 1.7% |
| 2004 | 0.75% | 1.74% |
| 2003 | 0.54% | 1.82% |
| 2002 | 0.2% | 1.42% |
| 2001 | 0.06% | 0.7% |
| 2000 | 0.05% | 0.45% |
| 1999 | 0.02% | 0.41% |
| 1998 | 0.03% | 0.41% |
| 1997 | 0.05% | 0.42% |
| 1996 | 0.03% | 0.42% |
| 1995 | 0.002% | 0.44% |
| 1994 | 0.02% | 0.48% |
| 1993 | 0.06% | 0.52% |
| 1992 | 0.07% | 0.49% |
| 1991 | 0.07% | 0.25% |
| 1990 | 0.08% | 0.1% |
| 1989 | 0.08% | 0.16% |
| 1988 | 0.05% | 0.21% |
| 1987 | 0.01% | 0.26% |
| 1986 | 0.005% | 0.3% |
| 1985 | 0.03% | 0.36% |
| 1984 | 0.02% | 0.42% |
| 1983 | 0.04% | 0.49% |
| 1982 | 0.07% | 0.6% |
| 1981 | 0.12% | 0.71% |
| 1980 | 0.21% | 0.81% |
| 1979 | 0.29% | 0.89% |
| 1978 | 0.36% | 0.97% |
| 1977 | 0.43% | 1.03% |
| 1976 | 0.5% | 1.06% |
| 1975 | 0.6% | 1.09% |
| 1974 | 0.66% | 1.1% |
| 1973 | 0.68% | 1.11% |
| 1972 | 0.57% | 1.11% |
| 1971 | 0.47% | 1.21% |
| 1970 | 0.53% | 1.12% |
| 1969 | 0.57% | 0.99% |
| 1968 | 0.63% | 1.32% |
| 1967 | 0.73% | 1.24% |
| 1966 | 0.78% | 1.03% |
| 1965 | 0.85% | 1.09% |
| 1964 | 0.83% | 1% |
| 1963 | 0.73% | 0.88% |
| 1962 | 0.68% | 0.92% |
| 1961 | 0.67% | 0.93% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/spain | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Italy declined by 0.05%, while Spain's population grew by 1.03%.
Live population counters
|
Italy
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
58562681
|
48806901
|
| Population rank | 26/197 | 32/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.71% | 0.59% |
| One net population change |
16.7 minutes
|
1.06 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.39 minutes
|
1.62 minutes
|
| One death every |
47.7 seconds
|
1.21 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -86 | +1,360 |
| Annual growth/decline | -31,512 | +496,312 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.05% | +1.03% |
| Population growth rate rank | 170/197 | 100/197 |
| One migration net change every |
6.99 minutes
|
5.45 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +75,448 | +96,630 |
| Net migration rank | 19/196 | 17/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 6,553,671 | 8,870,527 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 12/195 | 6/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 11% | 18.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 59/195 | 32/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Italy
|
Spain
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 75,448 | - | 96,630 |
| 2024 | - | 95,246 | - | 111,674 |
| 2023 | -283,125 | 150,189 | -111,211 | 119,099 |
| 2022 | -318,674 | 231,228 | -133,801 | 299,779 |
| 2021 | -301,579 | 157,327 | -113,865 | 144,385 |
| 2020 | -338,801 | 85,281 | -151,551 | 236,854 |
| 2019 | -215,025 | 46,634 | -56,542 | 464,783 |
| 2018 | -192,475 | 83,686 | -56,139 | 337,467 |
| 2017 | -192,007 | 95,147 | -32,600 | 201,135 |
| 2016 | -138,265 | 84,568 | 0 | 106,474 |
| 2015 | -162,620 | 39,389 | -4,642 | -1,979 |
| 2014 | -96,513 | 52,679 | 32,522 | -97,870 |
| 2013 | -90,468 | 158,090 | 37,284 | -250,741 |
| 2012 | -78,248 | 252,524 | 51,450 | -153,486 |
| 2011 | -48,021 | 198,544 | 84,137 | 60,761 |
| 2010 | -23,928 | 274,387 | 102,469 | 69,406 |
| 2009 | -17,866 | 283,676 | 106,635 | 129,557 |
| 2008 | -11,842 | 422,534 | 133,267 | 434,135 |
| 2007 | -5,876 | 495,092 | 108,545 | 772,317 |
| 2006 | 0 | 215,995 | 110,994 | 659,720 |
| 2005 | -17,450 | 258,702 | 78,576 | 629,803 |
| 2004 | 11,566 | 417,970 | 85,844 | 661,158 |
| 2003 | -40,179 | 478,578 | 54,844 | 658,428 |
| 2002 | -22,836 | 223,861 | 53,861 | 737,880 |
| 2001 | -11,396 | 48,903 | 44,936 | 181,307 |
| 2000 | -17,082 | 56,065 | 36,512 | 176,269 |
| 1999 | -22,766 | 54,405 | 8,077 | 178,559 |
| 1998 | -39,835 | 67,985 | 4,022 | 182,926 |
| 1997 | -22,756 | 50,539 | 20,028 | 165,345 |
| 1996 | -22,744 | 53,450 | 11,967 | 162,704 |
| 1995 | -34,107 | -460,287 | 15,889 | 162,434 |
| 1994 | -17,053 | 502,750 | 31,639 | 160,407 |
| 1993 | 0 | 24,321 | 47,234 | 160,907 |
| 1992 | 22,718 | 51,747 | 62,652 | 177,544 |
| 1991 | 11,352 | 19,721 | 58,450 | 122,841 |
| 1990 | 22,688 | 35,317 | 66,075 | -30,684 |
| 1989 | 28,336 | 19,540 | 81,538 | -25,892 |
| 1988 | 33,977 | 18,553 | 100,794 | -17,663 |
| 1987 | 16,980 | 7,825 | 116,054 | -12,681 |
| 1986 | 11,319 | -6,206 | 131,188 | -13,540 |
| 1985 | 28,297 | 6,911 | 146,184 | -589 |
| 1984 | 50,919 | 203 | 172,487 | 2,754 |
| 1983 | 33,939 | -3,733 | 183,223 | 1,241 |
| 1982 | 79,161 | -24,223 | 231,714 | -7,384 |
| 1981 | 73,452 | 7,182 | 237,879 | 2,563 |
| 1980 | 84,650 | 295,642 | 281,184 | 20,166 |
| 1979 | 129,531 | 42,637 | 312,407 | -5,929 |
| 1978 | 168,465 | 43,932 | 339,157 | -2,504 |
| 1977 | 190,248 | 42,246 | 361,465 | -1,332 |
| 1976 | 228,445 | 40,885 | 375,834 | 2,804 |
| 1975 | 271,660 | 43,051 | 371,882 | -218 |
| 1974 | 336,176 | 42,487 | 396,182 | 105,838 |
| 1973 | 328,508 | 41,631 | 374,381 | 8,624 |
| 1972 | 364,355 | 43,182 | 391,030 | 7,935 |
| 1971 | 383,922 | -58,627 | 369,625 | 7,363 |
| 1970 | 376,753 | -62,216 | 378,723 | -60,580 |
| 1969 | 390,827 | -45,346 | 367,851 | -49,956 |
| 1968 | 399,268 | -50,149 | 387,423 | -46,088 |
| 1967 | 439,074 | -37,992 | 402,001 | -42,344 |
| 1966 | 488,427 | -35,352 | 397,084 | -41,467 |
| 1965 | 474,222 | -36,267 | 405,819 | -42,476 |
| 1964 | 527,089 | -27,368 | 429,885 | -41,461 |
| 1963 | 440,767 | -28,198 | 394,338 | -44,446 |
| 1962 | 427,387 | -25,840 | 384,690 | -45,211 |
| 1961 | 459,880 | -129,761 | 396,537 | -46,517 |
| 1960 | 426,697 | -140,765 | 398,960 | -154,869 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/spain | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 68.6% of the population change in Italy is from natural causes (a loss of 2,239,084 people) and 31.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,026,128 people). In Spain 25.8% is from natural causes (a loss of 627,829 people) and 74.2% is from migration (a gain of 1,810,127 people).
As of 2024, 6,553,671 residents or 11% of the population were not native-born in Italy, compared to 8,870,527 people or 18.5% in Spain.
Biggest cities by population
|
Italy
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Rome | 2.75M |
| Milan | 1.35M |
| Naples | 913K |
| Turin | 842K |
| Palermo | 630K |
| Genoa | 559K |
| Bologna | 388K |
| Florence | 361K |
| Bari | 315K |
| Catania | 312K |
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Madrid | 3.51M |
| Barcelona | 1.73M |
| Tenerife | 955K |
| Valencia | 841K |
| Zaragoza | 693K |
| Seville | 689K |
| Malaga | 599K |
| Palma de Mallorca | 435K |
| Las Palmas | 382K |
| Alicante | 366K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Italy and Spain
|
Italy
|
Spain
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 84.2 years | 84.1 years |
| Average age | 46.5 years | 44.7 years |
| Median age | 48.8 years | 46.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.9:51.1 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.2 births per woman | 1.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 513 ppl/mi² | 253 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/spain | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.