The latest officially reported population of Madagascar was 32,740,678 in 2025 vs 4,571,189 people in Panama in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Madagascar's population is 33,936,132 people compared to 4,654,479 in Panama.
Population statistics:
- Madagascar's population is 7.29 times bigger than Panama's.
- Madagascar is ranked the 49th most populous country in the world, while Panama is the 128th.
- The countries together account for 0.46% of the world: 0.41% for Madagascar vs 0.06% for Panama.
- For the last 10 years, Madagascar has had an average growth rate of +2.57% per year vs +1.47% in Panama.
- Since 2006, the population of Madagascar has increased from 19.7M people to 33.9M (72% growth), while Panama has grown from 3.38M to 4.65M (37.9% growth).
Madagascar vs Panama: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Madagascar
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | 86,179,580 | 5,946,537 |
| 2099 | 85,790,370 | 5,957,723 |
| 2098 | 85,386,169 | 5,968,478 |
| 2097 | 84,969,767 | 5,978,660 |
| 2096 | 84,541,363 | 5,988,413 |
| 2095 | 84,101,733 | 5,997,756 |
| 2094 | 83,648,271 | 6,006,449 |
| 2093 | 83,182,675 | 6,014,686 |
| 2092 | 82,705,710 | 6,022,273 |
| 2091 | 82,216,203 | 6,029,373 |
| 2090 | 81,717,468 | 6,035,905 |
| 2089 | 81,206,806 | 6,041,981 |
| 2088 | 80,683,320 | 6,047,292 |
| 2087 | 80,148,075 | 6,052,037 |
| 2086 | 79,603,046 | 6,056,131 |
| 2085 | 79,047,406 | 6,059,724 |
| 2084 | 78,482,616 | 6,062,518 |
| 2083 | 77,906,589 | 6,064,646 |
| 2082 | 77,321,070 | 6,065,953 |
| 2081 | 76,724,415 | 6,066,417 |
| 2080 | 76,117,046 | 6,066,099 |
| 2079 | 75,497,666 | 6,064,946 |
| 2078 | 74,865,716 | 6,062,910 |
| 2077 | 74,221,281 | 6,060,080 |
| 2076 | 73,566,810 | 6,056,429 |
| 2075 | 72,899,578 | 6,051,919 |
| 2074 | 72,220,039 | 6,046,406 |
| 2073 | 71,530,359 | 6,040,106 |
| 2072 | 70,828,530 | 6,032,854 |
| 2071 | 70,115,645 | 6,024,842 |
| 2070 | 69,394,756 | 6,016,080 |
| 2069 | 68,663,443 | 6,006,415 |
| 2068 | 67,921,934 | 5,995,906 |
| 2067 | 67,170,963 | 5,984,730 |
| 2066 | 66,411,266 | 5,972,654 |
| 2065 | 65,644,233 | 5,959,843 |
| 2064 | 64,867,634 | 5,946,126 |
| 2063 | 64,083,768 | 5,931,632 |
| 2062 | 63,292,113 | 5,916,180 |
| 2061 | 62,493,456 | 5,899,788 |
| 2060 | 61,688,314 | 5,882,473 |
| 2059 | 60,876,714 | 5,864,256 |
| 2058 | 60,061,091 | 5,844,863 |
| 2057 | 59,241,569 | 5,824,527 |
| 2056 | 58,416,388 | 5,803,204 |
| 2055 | 57,588,488 | 5,780,739 |
| 2054 | 56,757,952 | 5,757,183 |
| 2053 | 55,923,669 | 5,732,387 |
| 2052 | 55,086,396 | 5,706,417 |
| 2051 | 54,246,667 | 5,679,091 |
| 2050 | 53,403,817 | 5,650,483 |
| 2049 | 52,559,645 | 5,620,713 |
| 2048 | 51,714,462 | 5,589,579 |
| 2047 | 50,868,979 | 5,557,267 |
| 2046 | 50,023,282 | 5,523,734 |
| 2045 | 49,178,377 | 5,489,126 |
| 2044 | 48,333,861 | 5,453,277 |
| 2043 | 47,489,686 | 5,416,228 |
| 2042 | 46,646,849 | 5,378,090 |
| 2041 | 45,806,003 | 5,338,800 |
| 2040 | 44,966,710 | 5,298,428 |
| 2039 | 44,130,890 | 5,256,927 |
| 2038 | 43,296,592 | 5,214,237 |
| 2037 | 42,465,456 | 5,170,459 |
| 2036 | 41,636,814 | 5,125,785 |
| 2035 | 40,810,847 | 5,080,190 |
| 2034 | 39,989,445 | 5,033,697 |
| 2033 | 39,170,206 | 4,986,246 |
| 2032 | 38,353,879 | 4,937,655 |
| 2031 | 37,539,603 | 4,888,279 |
| 2030 | 36,729,526 | 4,837,999 |
| 2029 | 35,923,382 | 4,786,693 |
| 2028 | 35,120,762 | 4,734,263 |
| 2027 | 34,322,223 | 4,680,907 |
| 2026 | 33,528,352 | 4,626,568 |
| 2025 | 32,740,678 | 4,571,189 |
| 2024 | 31,964,956 | 4,515,577 |
| 2023 | 31,195,932 | 4,458,759 |
| 2022 | 30,437,261 | 4,400,773 |
| 2021 | 29,691,083 | 4,345,405 |
| 2020 | 28,953,556 | 4,293,261 |
| 2019 | 28,219,554 | 4,234,700 |
| 2018 | 27,494,926 | 4,167,860 |
| 2017 | 26,788,375 | 4,098,707 |
| 2016 | 26,099,952 | 4,029,086 |
| 2015 | 25,426,702 | 3,960,035 |
| 2014 | 24,764,348 | 3,892,101 |
| 2013 | 24,109,290 | 3,825,329 |
| 2012 | 23,462,438 | 3,759,256 |
| 2011 | 22,822,300 | 3,693,505 |
| 2010 | 22,183,340 | 3,628,535 |
| 2009 | 21,547,280 | 3,564,381 |
| 2008 | 20,923,840 | 3,500,648 |
| 2007 | 20,318,583 | 3,437,490 |
| 2006 | 19,730,909 | 3,375,024 |
| 2005 | 19,159,707 | 3,313,026 |
| 2004 | 18,606,608 | 3,251,155 |
| 2003 | 18,071,854 | 3,189,807 |
| 2002 | 17,549,913 | 3,129,344 |
| 2001 | 17,032,939 | 3,069,537 |
| 2000 | 16,516,338 | 3,010,369 |
| 1999 | 16,000,506 | 2,951,822 |
| 1998 | 15,489,364 | 2,893,914 |
| 1997 | 14,990,814 | 2,836,695 |
| 1996 | 14,510,711 | 2,780,227 |
| 1995 | 14,051,275 | 2,724,557 |
| 1994 | 13,613,850 | 2,669,546 |
| 1993 | 13,197,345 | 2,615,099 |
| 1992 | 12,800,870 | 2,561,336 |
| 1991 | 12,421,412 | 2,508,265 |
| 1990 | 12,055,639 | 2,455,583 |
| 1989 | 11,704,998 | 2,403,820 |
| 1988 | 11,369,462 | 2,352,848 |
| 1987 | 11,047,291 | 2,301,970 |
| 1986 | 10,736,857 | 2,251,325 |
| 1985 | 10,433,142 | 2,200,915 |
| 1984 | 10,134,550 | 2,150,782 |
| 1983 | 9,843,044 | 2,101,106 |
| 1982 | 9,557,671 | 2,052,271 |
| 1981 | 9,279,011 | 2,004,418 |
| 1980 | 9,006,032 | 1,957,534 |
| 1979 | 8,737,581 | 1,911,552 |
| 1978 | 8,475,864 | 1,866,311 |
| 1977 | 8,222,240 | 1,821,543 |
| 1976 | 7,976,831 | 1,776,935 |
| 1975 | 7,739,336 | 1,732,389 |
| 1974 | 7,509,726 | 1,687,926 |
| 1973 | 7,288,048 | 1,643,690 |
| 1972 | 7,074,398 | 1,599,723 |
| 1971 | 6,868,868 | 1,556,081 |
| 1970 | 6,672,003 | 1,513,070 |
| 1969 | 6,484,716 | 1,470,886 |
| 1968 | 6,306,493 | 1,429,447 |
| 1967 | 6,136,486 | 1,388,628 |
| 1966 | 5,974,279 | 1,348,388 |
| 1965 | 5,819,116 | 1,308,835 |
| 1964 | 5,669,863 | 1,270,065 |
| 1963 | 5,525,185 | 1,232,124 |
| 1962 | 5,384,150 | 1,195,301 |
| 1961 | 5,246,158 | 1,159,870 |
| 1960 | 5,111,029 | 1,126,005 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/panama | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Madagascar increased by 6,369,043 people (a 32.3% growth), while Panama gained 654,062 people (a 19.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Madagascar gained 7,836,180 people (a 30% growth), while Panama's population increased by 625,393 people (a 15.5% growth).
Madagascar was ranked 57th most populous country in 2006 and is 49th in 2026. Panama was ranked 128th in 2006 and still ranked 128th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Madagascar's population will grow by 57.4% to 53,403,817 people with a rank change from 49th to 37th. The population of Panama will increase by 21.4% to 5,650,483 people and rank change from 128th to 124th.
Madagascar is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 86.2M people compared to the peak of 6.07M people in 2081 for Panama.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | 0.45% | -0.19% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | -0.18% |
| 2098 | 0.49% | -0.17% |
| 2097 | 0.51% | -0.16% |
| 2096 | 0.52% | -0.16% |
| 2095 | 0.54% | -0.14% |
| 2094 | 0.56% | -0.14% |
| 2093 | 0.58% | -0.13% |
| 2092 | 0.6% | -0.12% |
| 2091 | 0.61% | -0.11% |
| 2090 | 0.63% | -0.1% |
| 2089 | 0.65% | -0.09% |
| 2088 | 0.67% | -0.08% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | -0.07% |
| 2086 | 0.7% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | 0.72% | -0.05% |
| 2084 | 0.74% | -0.04% |
| 2083 | 0.76% | -0.02% |
| 2082 | 0.78% | -0.008% |
| 2081 | 0.8% | 0.005% |
| 2080 | 0.82% | 0.02% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | 0.03% |
| 2078 | 0.87% | 0.05% |
| 2077 | 0.89% | 0.06% |
| 2076 | 0.92% | 0.07% |
| 2075 | 0.94% | 0.09% |
| 2074 | 0.96% | 0.1% |
| 2073 | 0.99% | 0.12% |
| 2072 | 1.02% | 0.13% |
| 2071 | 1.04% | 0.15% |
| 2070 | 1.07% | 0.16% |
| 2069 | 1.09% | 0.18% |
| 2068 | 1.12% | 0.19% |
| 2067 | 1.14% | 0.2% |
| 2066 | 1.17% | 0.21% |
| 2065 | 1.2% | 0.23% |
| 2064 | 1.22% | 0.24% |
| 2063 | 1.25% | 0.26% |
| 2062 | 1.28% | 0.28% |
| 2061 | 1.31% | 0.29% |
| 2060 | 1.33% | 0.31% |
| 2059 | 1.36% | 0.33% |
| 2058 | 1.38% | 0.35% |
| 2057 | 1.41% | 0.37% |
| 2056 | 1.44% | 0.39% |
| 2055 | 1.46% | 0.41% |
| 2054 | 1.49% | 0.43% |
| 2053 | 1.52% | 0.46% |
| 2052 | 1.55% | 0.48% |
| 2051 | 1.58% | 0.51% |
| 2050 | 1.61% | 0.53% |
| 2049 | 1.63% | 0.56% |
| 2048 | 1.66% | 0.58% |
| 2047 | 1.69% | 0.61% |
| 2046 | 1.72% | 0.63% |
| 2045 | 1.75% | 0.66% |
| 2044 | 1.78% | 0.68% |
| 2043 | 1.81% | 0.71% |
| 2042 | 1.84% | 0.74% |
| 2041 | 1.87% | 0.76% |
| 2040 | 1.89% | 0.79% |
| 2039 | 1.93% | 0.82% |
| 2038 | 1.96% | 0.85% |
| 2037 | 1.99% | 0.87% |
| 2036 | 2.02% | 0.9% |
| 2035 | 2.05% | 0.92% |
| 2034 | 2.09% | 0.95% |
| 2033 | 2.13% | 0.98% |
| 2032 | 2.17% | 1.01% |
| 2031 | 2.21% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 2.24% | 1.07% |
| 2029 | 2.29% | 1.11% |
| 2028 | 2.33% | 1.14% |
| 2027 | 2.37% | 1.17% |
| 2026 | 2.41% | 1.21% |
| 2025 | 2.43% | 1.23% |
| 2024 | 2.47% | 1.27% |
| 2023 | 2.49% | 1.32% |
| 2022 | 2.51% | 1.27% |
| 2021 | 2.55% | 1.21% |
| 2020 | 2.6% | 1.38% |
| 2019 | 2.64% | 1.6% |
| 2018 | 2.64% | 1.69% |
| 2017 | 2.64% | 1.73% |
| 2016 | 2.65% | 1.74% |
| 2015 | 2.67% | 1.75% |
| 2014 | 2.72% | 1.75% |
| 2013 | 2.76% | 1.76% |
| 2012 | 2.8% | 1.78% |
| 2011 | 2.88% | 1.79% |
| 2010 | 2.95% | 1.8% |
| 2009 | 2.98% | 1.82% |
| 2008 | 2.98% | 1.84% |
| 2007 | 2.98% | 1.85% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 1.87% |
| 2005 | 2.97% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 2.96% | 1.92% |
| 2003 | 2.97% | 1.93% |
| 2002 | 3.04% | 1.95% |
| 2001 | 3.13% | 1.97% |
| 2000 | 3.22% | 1.98% |
| 1999 | 3.3% | 2% |
| 1998 | 3.33% | 2.02% |
| 1997 | 3.31% | 2.03% |
| 1996 | 3.27% | 2.04% |
| 1995 | 3.21% | 2.06% |
| 1994 | 3.16% | 2.08% |
| 1993 | 3.1% | 2.1% |
| 1992 | 3.05% | 2.12% |
| 1991 | 3.03% | 2.15% |
| 1990 | 3% | 2.15% |
| 1989 | 2.95% | 2.17% |
| 1988 | 2.92% | 2.21% |
| 1987 | 2.89% | 2.25% |
| 1986 | 2.91% | 2.29% |
| 1985 | 2.95% | 2.33% |
| 1984 | 2.96% | 2.36% |
| 1983 | 2.99% | 2.38% |
| 1982 | 3% | 2.39% |
| 1981 | 3.03% | 2.4% |
| 1980 | 3.07% | 2.41% |
| 1979 | 3.09% | 2.42% |
| 1978 | 3.08% | 2.46% |
| 1977 | 3.08% | 2.51% |
| 1976 | 3.07% | 2.57% |
| 1975 | 3.06% | 2.63% |
| 1974 | 3.04% | 2.69% |
| 1973 | 3.02% | 2.75% |
| 1972 | 2.99% | 2.8% |
| 1971 | 2.95% | 2.84% |
| 1970 | 2.89% | 2.87% |
| 1969 | 2.83% | 2.9% |
| 1968 | 2.77% | 2.94% |
| 1967 | 2.72% | 2.98% |
| 1966 | 2.67% | 3.02% |
| 1965 | 2.63% | 3.05% |
| 1964 | 2.62% | 3.08% |
| 1963 | 2.62% | 3.08% |
| 1962 | 2.63% | 3.05% |
| 1961 | 2.64% | 3.01% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/panama | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Madagascar grew by 2.43%, while Panama's population grew by 1.23%.
Live population counters
|
Madagascar
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
33936132
|
4654479
|
| Population rank | 49/197 | 128/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.41% | 0.06% |
| One net population change |
40.8 seconds
|
9.48 minutes
|
| One birth every |
31.1 seconds
|
7.34 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.2 minutes
|
23.7 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,125 | +152 |
| Annual growth/decline | +775,722 | +55,612 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.43% | +1.23% |
| Population growth rate rank | 28/197 | 82/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.94 hours
|
1.43 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -2,227 | +6,151 |
| Net migration rank | 100/196 | 49/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 38,625 | 477,749 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 158/195 | 81/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.1% | 10.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 193/195 | 63/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Panama
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,227 | - | 6,151 |
| 2024 | 774,926 | -1,795 | 49,459 | 6,706 |
| 2023 | 766,391 | -1,487 | 50,197 | 7,262 |
| 2022 | 753,931 | -1,487 | 50,556 | 7,967 |
| 2021 | 741,416 | -1,480 | 46,747 | 5,473 |
| 2020 | 736,607 | -1,480 | 46,599 | 5,473 |
| 2019 | 735,853 | -2,976 | 54,420 | 10,623 |
| 2018 | 719,267 | -2,887 | 57,508 | 11,130 |
| 2017 | 699,498 | -2,784 | 58,607 | 11,059 |
| 2016 | 682,801 | -2,687 | 59,454 | 10,109 |
| 2015 | 668,977 | -2,594 | 59,896 | 8,648 |
| 2014 | 660,837 | -2,522 | 60,227 | 7,105 |
| 2013 | 654,230 | -2,445 | 60,295 | 5,926 |
| 2012 | 644,255 | -2,334 | 60,471 | 5,447 |
| 2011 | 640,577 | -2,219 | 60,411 | 5,167 |
| 2010 | 641,543 | -1,979 | 59,418 | 4,953 |
| 2009 | 634,008 | -1,429 | 59,168 | 4,765 |
| 2008 | 615,580 | -1,255 | 58,961 | 4,568 |
| 2007 | 597,772 | -1,563 | 58,454 | 4,330 |
| 2006 | 581,489 | -2,336 | 58,067 | 4,087 |
| 2005 | 568,143 | -4,869 | 58,014 | 3,843 |
| 2004 | 556,319 | -13,393 | 58,281 | 3,596 |
| 2003 | 544,903 | -18,345 | 57,458 | 3,352 |
| 2002 | 535,518 | -18,209 | 57,011 | 3,099 |
| 2001 | 529,656 | -13,014 | 56,654 | 2,856 |
| 2000 | 520,860 | -4,298 | 56,236 | 2,602 |
| 1999 | 516,976 | -1,891 | 55,911 | 2,341 |
| 1998 | 508,408 | -1,222 | 55,482 | 2,084 |
| 1997 | 490,905 | -986 | 55,060 | 1,820 |
| 1996 | 471,453 | -1,161 | 54,512 | 1,533 |
| 1995 | 450,259 | -1,670 | 54,069 | 1,221 |
| 1994 | 428,169 | -1,905 | 53,845 | 899 |
| 1993 | 408,801 | -2,063 | 53,591 | 560 |
| 1992 | 388,430 | -2,216 | 53,186 | 182 |
| 1991 | 375,040 | -2,330 | 53,079 | -305 |
| 1990 | 360,621 | -1,777 | 53,451 | -854 |
| 1989 | 344,279 | -1,848 | 52,295 | -1,368 |
| 1988 | 330,510 | -1,883 | 52,767 | -1,750 |
| 1987 | 317,621 | -1,896 | 52,690 | -1,953 |
| 1986 | 307,074 | -1,914 | 52,681 | -2,136 |
| 1985 | 304,199 | -1,947 | 52,573 | -2,297 |
| 1984 | 296,892 | -1,965 | 52,436 | -2,435 |
| 1983 | 290,085 | -1,979 | 51,880 | -2,518 |
| 1982 | 284,733 | -2,093 | 50,858 | -2,554 |
| 1981 | 277,535 | -2,864 | 50,018 | -2,620 |
| 1980 | 275,287 | -4,005 | 49,077 | -2,701 |
| 1979 | 270,752 | -5,126 | 48,362 | -2,772 |
| 1978 | 263,684 | -5,874 | 47,694 | -2,811 |
| 1977 | 255,399 | -5,957 | 47,438 | -2,792 |
| 1976 | 247,026 | -5,655 | 47,307 | -2,727 |
| 1975 | 238,774 | -5,173 | 47,149 | -2,635 |
| 1974 | 230,233 | -4,607 | 46,932 | -2,531 |
| 1973 | 221,768 | -4,037 | 46,540 | -2,464 |
| 1972 | 213,138 | -3,583 | 46,311 | -2,448 |
| 1971 | 204,617 | -3,118 | 45,867 | -2,454 |
| 1970 | 194,889 | -2,658 | 45,075 | -2,476 |
| 1969 | 184,562 | -2,216 | 44,278 | -2,510 |
| 1968 | 175,869 | -1,766 | 43,641 | -2,528 |
| 1967 | 167,287 | -1,383 | 43,054 | -2,528 |
| 1966 | 159,483 | -964 | 42,457 | -2,500 |
| 1965 | 152,362 | -550 | 41,604 | -2,454 |
| 1964 | 146,894 | -204 | 40,806 | -2,418 |
| 1963 | 142,666 | 0 | 39,872 | -2,380 |
| 1962 | 139,412 | 0 | 38,537 | -2,377 |
| 1961 | 136,578 | 0 | 37,100 | -2,394 |
| 1960 | 133,684 | 0 | 35,431 | -2,409 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/panama | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.7% of the population change in Madagascar is from natural causes (a gain of 7,279,667 people) and 0.3% is from migration (a loss of 21,657 people). In Panama 86.3% is from natural causes (a gain of 533,443 people) and 13.7% is from migration (a gain of 84,450 people).
As of 2024, 38,625 residents or 0.1% of the population were not native-born in Madagascar, compared to 477,749 people or 10.6% in Panama.
Biggest cities by population
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Antananarivo | 1.28M |
| Antsirabe | 265K |
| Toamasina | 225K |
| Toliara | 169K |
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Panama | 1.54M |
| Colon | 242K |
| Santiago de Veraguas | 110K |
| Tocumen | 103K |
| David | 82.9K |
| La Chorrera | 68.9K |
| Pacora | 52.5K |
| Penonome | 21.7K |
| Balboa | 10K |
| Chitre | 9.02K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Madagascar and Panama
|
Madagascar
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.3 years | 80.1 years |
| Average age | 24.3 years | 33.6 years |
| Median age | 20.2 years | 31.3 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 50:50 |
| Fertility rate | 3.91 births per woman | 2.11 births per woman |
| Population density | 149.3 ppl/mi² | 161.5 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/panama | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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