The latest officially reported population of Madagascar was 31,964,956 in 2024 vs 18,501,984 people in Senegal in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Madagascar's population is 33,750,171 people compared to 19,491,599 in Senegal.
Population statistics:
- Madagascar's population is 1.73 times bigger than Senegal's.
- Madagascar is ranked the 49th most populous country in the world, while Senegal is the 68th.
- The countries together account for 0.64% of the world: 0.41% for Madagascar vs 0.24% for Senegal.
- For the last 10 years, Madagascar has had an average growth rate of +2.6% per year vs +2.76% in Senegal.
- Since 2006, the population of Madagascar has increased from 19.7M people to 33.8M (71.1% growth), while Senegal has grown from 11.5M to 19.5M (69.5% growth).
Madagascar vs Senegal: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Madagascar
|
Senegal
|
|
| 2100 | 86,197,674 | 47,481,703 |
| 2099 | 85,808,382 | 47,309,204 |
| 2098 | 85,404,097 | 47,131,505 |
| 2097 | 84,987,607 | 46,942,831 |
| 2096 | 84,559,113 | 46,749,318 |
| 2095 | 84,119,392 | 46,548,519 |
| 2094 | 83,665,834 | 46,338,777 |
| 2093 | 83,200,140 | 46,124,372 |
| 2092 | 82,723,075 | 45,903,819 |
| 2091 | 82,233,465 | 45,676,277 |
| 2090 | 81,734,626 | 45,442,218 |
| 2089 | 81,223,857 | 45,197,486 |
| 2088 | 80,700,261 | 44,949,158 |
| 2087 | 80,164,903 | 44,692,601 |
| 2086 | 79,619,760 | 44,425,160 |
| 2085 | 79,064,003 | 44,150,556 |
| 2084 | 78,499,094 | 43,871,406 |
| 2083 | 77,922,946 | 43,579,072 |
| 2082 | 77,337,305 | 43,285,560 |
| 2081 | 76,740,524 | 42,984,866 |
| 2080 | 76,133,028 | 42,679,614 |
| 2079 | 75,513,518 | 42,366,808 |
| 2078 | 74,881,435 | 42,044,826 |
| 2077 | 74,236,865 | 41,716,837 |
| 2076 | 73,582,256 | 41,379,705 |
| 2075 | 72,914,884 | 41,030,232 |
| 2074 | 72,235,202 | 40,674,683 |
| 2073 | 71,545,378 | 40,312,726 |
| 2072 | 70,843,401 | 39,943,067 |
| 2071 | 70,130,366 | 39,568,028 |
| 2070 | 69,409,326 | 39,187,711 |
| 2069 | 68,677,859 | 38,795,322 |
| 2068 | 67,936,195 | 38,398,147 |
| 2067 | 67,185,066 | 37,996,983 |
| 2066 | 66,425,210 | 37,584,328 |
| 2065 | 65,658,016 | 37,167,637 |
| 2064 | 64,881,253 | 36,744,279 |
| 2063 | 64,097,223 | 36,318,015 |
| 2062 | 63,305,402 | 35,884,713 |
| 2061 | 62,506,578 | 35,448,776 |
| 2060 | 61,701,267 | 35,010,231 |
| 2059 | 60,889,495 | 34,571,669 |
| 2058 | 60,073,702 | 34,122,702 |
| 2057 | 59,254,008 | 33,673,448 |
| 2056 | 58,428,653 | 33,219,406 |
| 2055 | 57,600,579 | 32,765,741 |
| 2054 | 56,769,869 | 32,313,613 |
| 2053 | 55,935,411 | 31,859,051 |
| 2052 | 55,097,962 | 31,405,418 |
| 2051 | 54,258,057 | 30,949,633 |
| 2050 | 53,415,029 | 30,490,614 |
| 2049 | 52,570,680 | 30,032,811 |
| 2048 | 51,725,320 | 29,570,773 |
| 2047 | 50,879,659 | 29,111,688 |
| 2046 | 50,033,785 | 28,648,672 |
| 2045 | 49,188,703 | 28,187,838 |
| 2044 | 48,344,009 | 27,724,585 |
| 2043 | 47,499,657 | 27,260,926 |
| 2042 | 46,656,643 | 26,796,927 |
| 2041 | 45,815,621 | 26,332,270 |
| 2040 | 44,976,152 | 25,866,240 |
| 2039 | 44,140,155 | 25,398,425 |
| 2038 | 43,305,683 | 24,928,471 |
| 2037 | 42,474,372 | 24,457,649 |
| 2036 | 41,645,556 | 23,986,892 |
| 2035 | 40,819,415 | 23,515,497 |
| 2034 | 39,997,842 | 23,046,885 |
| 2033 | 39,178,430 | 22,578,286 |
| 2032 | 38,361,932 | 22,110,230 |
| 2031 | 37,547,484 | 21,643,047 |
| 2030 | 36,737,238 | 21,178,414 |
| 2029 | 35,930,925 | 20,719,234 |
| 2028 | 35,128,136 | 20,263,713 |
| 2027 | 34,329,429 | 19,814,138 |
| 2026 | 33,535,391 | 19,372,006 |
| 2025 | 32,747,552 | 18,934,809 |
| 2024 | 31,964,956 | 18,501,984 |
| 2023 | 31,195,932 | 18,077,573 |
| 2022 | 30,437,261 | 17,651,103 |
| 2021 | 29,691,083 | 17,220,867 |
| 2020 | 28,953,556 | 16,789,219 |
| 2019 | 28,219,554 | 16,352,922 |
| 2018 | 27,494,926 | 15,914,498 |
| 2017 | 26,788,375 | 15,475,002 |
| 2016 | 26,099,952 | 15,034,521 |
| 2015 | 25,426,702 | 14,593,331 |
| 2014 | 24,764,348 | 14,152,102 |
| 2013 | 24,109,290 | 13,710,849 |
| 2012 | 23,462,438 | 13,310,495 |
| 2011 | 22,822,300 | 12,958,897 |
| 2010 | 22,183,340 | 12,635,413 |
| 2009 | 21,547,280 | 12,337,389 |
| 2008 | 20,923,840 | 12,048,959 |
| 2007 | 20,318,583 | 11,770,344 |
| 2006 | 19,730,909 | 11,500,094 |
| 2005 | 19,159,707 | 11,235,472 |
| 2004 | 18,606,608 | 10,975,704 |
| 2003 | 18,071,854 | 10,721,176 |
| 2002 | 17,549,913 | 10,466,214 |
| 2001 | 17,032,939 | 10,212,942 |
| 2000 | 16,516,338 | 9,968,260 |
| 1999 | 16,000,506 | 9,730,887 |
| 1998 | 15,489,364 | 9,502,952 |
| 1997 | 14,990,814 | 9,283,495 |
| 1996 | 14,510,711 | 9,067,014 |
| 1995 | 14,051,275 | 8,848,101 |
| 1994 | 13,613,850 | 8,624,078 |
| 1993 | 13,197,345 | 8,396,288 |
| 1992 | 12,800,870 | 8,168,395 |
| 1991 | 12,421,412 | 7,943,085 |
| 1990 | 12,055,639 | 7,720,523 |
| 1989 | 11,704,998 | 7,502,207 |
| 1988 | 11,369,462 | 7,289,618 |
| 1987 | 11,047,291 | 7,081,530 |
| 1986 | 10,736,857 | 6,878,192 |
| 1985 | 10,433,142 | 6,683,287 |
| 1984 | 10,134,550 | 6,499,364 |
| 1983 | 9,843,044 | 6,324,504 |
| 1982 | 9,557,671 | 6,156,961 |
| 1981 | 9,279,011 | 5,997,160 |
| 1980 | 9,006,032 | 5,845,638 |
| 1979 | 8,737,581 | 5,702,895 |
| 1978 | 8,475,864 | 5,568,096 |
| 1977 | 8,222,240 | 5,439,549 |
| 1976 | 7,976,831 | 5,308,564 |
| 1975 | 7,739,336 | 5,170,810 |
| 1974 | 7,509,726 | 5,029,437 |
| 1973 | 7,288,048 | 4,885,181 |
| 1972 | 7,074,398 | 4,741,631 |
| 1971 | 6,868,868 | 4,601,864 |
| 1970 | 6,672,003 | 4,466,328 |
| 1969 | 6,484,716 | 4,334,974 |
| 1968 | 6,306,493 | 4,207,587 |
| 1967 | 6,136,486 | 4,083,870 |
| 1966 | 5,974,279 | 3,964,299 |
| 1965 | 5,819,116 | 3,849,788 |
| 1964 | 5,669,863 | 3,740,535 |
| 1963 | 5,525,185 | 3,635,876 |
| 1962 | 5,384,150 | 3,534,686 |
| 1961 | 5,246,158 | 3,436,375 |
| 1960 | 5,111,029 | 3,340,907 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/senegal | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Madagascar increased by 6,369,043 people (a 32.3% growth), while Senegal gained 3,534,427 people (a 30.7% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Madagascar gained 7,650,219 people (a 29.3% growth), while Senegal's population increased by 4,457,078 people (a 29.6% growth).
Madagascar was ranked 57th most populous country in 2006 and is 49th in 2026. Senegal was ranked 72nd in 2006 and ranked 68th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Madagascar's population will grow by 58.3% to 53,415,029 people with a rank change from 49th to 37th. The population of Senegal will increase by 56.4% to 30,490,614 people and rank change from 68th to 63rd.
Madagascar is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 86.2M people compared to the peak of 47.5M people in 2100 for Senegal.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Senegal
|
|
| 2100 | 0.45% | 0.36% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | 0.38% |
| 2098 | 0.49% | 0.4% |
| 2097 | 0.51% | 0.41% |
| 2096 | 0.52% | 0.43% |
| 2095 | 0.54% | 0.45% |
| 2094 | 0.56% | 0.46% |
| 2093 | 0.58% | 0.48% |
| 2092 | 0.6% | 0.5% |
| 2091 | 0.61% | 0.52% |
| 2090 | 0.63% | 0.54% |
| 2089 | 0.65% | 0.55% |
| 2088 | 0.67% | 0.57% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | 0.6% |
| 2086 | 0.7% | 0.62% |
| 2085 | 0.72% | 0.64% |
| 2084 | 0.74% | 0.67% |
| 2083 | 0.76% | 0.68% |
| 2082 | 0.78% | 0.7% |
| 2081 | 0.8% | 0.72% |
| 2080 | 0.82% | 0.74% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | 0.77% |
| 2078 | 0.87% | 0.79% |
| 2077 | 0.89% | 0.81% |
| 2076 | 0.92% | 0.85% |
| 2075 | 0.94% | 0.87% |
| 2074 | 0.96% | 0.9% |
| 2073 | 0.99% | 0.93% |
| 2072 | 1.02% | 0.95% |
| 2071 | 1.04% | 0.97% |
| 2070 | 1.07% | 1.01% |
| 2069 | 1.09% | 1.03% |
| 2068 | 1.12% | 1.06% |
| 2067 | 1.14% | 1.1% |
| 2066 | 1.17% | 1.12% |
| 2065 | 1.2% | 1.15% |
| 2064 | 1.22% | 1.17% |
| 2063 | 1.25% | 1.21% |
| 2062 | 1.28% | 1.23% |
| 2061 | 1.31% | 1.25% |
| 2060 | 1.33% | 1.27% |
| 2059 | 1.36% | 1.32% |
| 2058 | 1.38% | 1.33% |
| 2057 | 1.41% | 1.37% |
| 2056 | 1.44% | 1.38% |
| 2055 | 1.46% | 1.4% |
| 2054 | 1.49% | 1.43% |
| 2053 | 1.52% | 1.44% |
| 2052 | 1.55% | 1.47% |
| 2051 | 1.58% | 1.51% |
| 2050 | 1.61% | 1.52% |
| 2049 | 1.63% | 1.56% |
| 2048 | 1.66% | 1.58% |
| 2047 | 1.69% | 1.62% |
| 2046 | 1.72% | 1.63% |
| 2045 | 1.75% | 1.67% |
| 2044 | 1.78% | 1.7% |
| 2043 | 1.81% | 1.73% |
| 2042 | 1.84% | 1.76% |
| 2041 | 1.87% | 1.8% |
| 2040 | 1.89% | 1.84% |
| 2039 | 1.93% | 1.89% |
| 2038 | 1.96% | 1.93% |
| 2037 | 1.99% | 1.96% |
| 2036 | 2.02% | 2% |
| 2035 | 2.05% | 2.03% |
| 2034 | 2.09% | 2.08% |
| 2033 | 2.13% | 2.12% |
| 2032 | 2.17% | 2.16% |
| 2031 | 2.21% | 2.19% |
| 2030 | 2.24% | 2.22% |
| 2029 | 2.29% | 2.25% |
| 2028 | 2.33% | 2.27% |
| 2027 | 2.37% | 2.28% |
| 2026 | 2.41% | 2.31% |
| 2025 | 2.45% | 2.34% |
| 2024 | 2.47% | 2.35% |
| 2023 | 2.49% | 2.42% |
| 2022 | 2.51% | 2.5% |
| 2021 | 2.55% | 2.57% |
| 2020 | 2.6% | 2.67% |
| 2019 | 2.64% | 2.75% |
| 2018 | 2.64% | 2.84% |
| 2017 | 2.64% | 2.93% |
| 2016 | 2.65% | 3.02% |
| 2015 | 2.67% | 3.12% |
| 2014 | 2.72% | 3.22% |
| 2013 | 2.76% | 3.01% |
| 2012 | 2.8% | 2.71% |
| 2011 | 2.88% | 2.56% |
| 2010 | 2.95% | 2.42% |
| 2009 | 2.98% | 2.39% |
| 2008 | 2.98% | 2.37% |
| 2007 | 2.98% | 2.35% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 2.36% |
| 2005 | 2.97% | 2.37% |
| 2004 | 2.96% | 2.37% |
| 2003 | 2.97% | 2.44% |
| 2002 | 3.04% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 3.13% | 2.45% |
| 2000 | 3.22% | 2.44% |
| 1999 | 3.3% | 2.4% |
| 1998 | 3.33% | 2.36% |
| 1997 | 3.31% | 2.39% |
| 1996 | 3.27% | 2.47% |
| 1995 | 3.21% | 2.6% |
| 1994 | 3.16% | 2.71% |
| 1993 | 3.1% | 2.79% |
| 1992 | 3.05% | 2.84% |
| 1991 | 3.03% | 2.88% |
| 1990 | 3% | 2.91% |
| 1989 | 2.95% | 2.92% |
| 1988 | 2.92% | 2.94% |
| 1987 | 2.89% | 2.96% |
| 1986 | 2.91% | 2.92% |
| 1985 | 2.95% | 2.83% |
| 1984 | 2.96% | 2.76% |
| 1983 | 2.99% | 2.72% |
| 1982 | 3% | 2.66% |
| 1981 | 3.03% | 2.59% |
| 1980 | 3.07% | 2.5% |
| 1979 | 3.09% | 2.42% |
| 1978 | 3.08% | 2.36% |
| 1977 | 3.08% | 2.47% |
| 1976 | 3.07% | 2.66% |
| 1975 | 3.06% | 2.81% |
| 1974 | 3.04% | 2.95% |
| 1973 | 3.02% | 3.03% |
| 1972 | 2.99% | 3.04% |
| 1971 | 2.95% | 3.03% |
| 1970 | 2.89% | 3.03% |
| 1969 | 2.83% | 3.03% |
| 1968 | 2.77% | 3.03% |
| 1967 | 2.72% | 3.02% |
| 1966 | 2.67% | 2.97% |
| 1965 | 2.63% | 2.92% |
| 1964 | 2.62% | 2.88% |
| 1963 | 2.62% | 2.86% |
| 1962 | 2.63% | 2.86% |
| 1961 | 2.64% | 2.86% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/senegal | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Madagascar grew by 2.47%, while Senegal's population grew by 2.35%.
Live population counters
|
Madagascar
|
Senegal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
33750171
|
19491599
|
| Population rank | 49/197 | 68/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.41% | 0.24% |
| One net population change |
41 seconds
|
1.24 minutes
|
| One birth every |
31.5 seconds
|
59.3 seconds
|
| One death every |
2.24 minutes
|
5.21 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,107 | +1,163 |
| Annual growth/decline | +769,024 | +424,411 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.47% | +2.35% |
| Population growth rate rank | 29/197 | 35/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.94 hours
|
41.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,227 | -12,636 |
| Net migration rank | 100/196 | 138/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 38,625 | 281,867 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 158/195 | 100/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.1% | 1.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 193/195 | 146/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Senegal
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,227 | - | -12,636 |
| 2024 | - | -1,795 | - | -10,307 |
| 2023 | 766,391 | -1,487 | 431,006 | -9,999 |
| 2022 | 753,931 | -1,487 | 415,507 | 16,425 |
| 2021 | 741,416 | -1,480 | 403,019 | 25,519 |
| 2020 | 736,607 | -1,480 | 400,910 | 33,848 |
| 2019 | 735,853 | -2,976 | 399,436 | 38,386 |
| 2018 | 719,267 | -2,887 | 405,454 | 33,567 |
| 2017 | 699,498 | -2,784 | 410,366 | 29,605 |
| 2016 | 682,801 | -2,687 | 411,480 | 29,498 |
| 2015 | 668,977 | -2,594 | 407,008 | 34,387 |
| 2014 | 660,837 | -2,522 | 405,019 | 36,030 |
| 2013 | 654,230 | -2,445 | 406,582 | 34,878 |
| 2012 | 644,255 | -2,334 | 402,243 | -42,978 |
| 2011 | 640,577 | -2,219 | 387,290 | -43,350 |
| 2010 | 641,543 | -1,979 | 372,934 | -69,888 |
| 2009 | 634,008 | -1,429 | 362,238 | -69,239 |
| 2008 | 615,580 | -1,255 | 351,661 | -67,812 |
| 2007 | 597,772 | -1,563 | 339,963 | -66,580 |
| 2006 | 581,489 | -2,336 | 331,364 | -64,254 |
| 2005 | 568,143 | -4,869 | 323,908 | -61,781 |
| 2004 | 556,319 | -13,393 | 317,286 | -59,879 |
| 2003 | 544,903 | -18,345 | 308,856 | -57,213 |
| 2002 | 535,518 | -18,209 | 298,842 | -40,554 |
| 2001 | 529,656 | -13,014 | 289,690 | -41,422 |
| 2000 | 520,860 | -4,298 | 283,946 | -42,854 |
| 1999 | 516,976 | -1,891 | 277,944 | -44,284 |
| 1998 | 508,408 | -1,222 | 267,404 | -45,189 |
| 1997 | 490,905 | -986 | 261,200 | -44,506 |
| 1996 | 471,453 | -1,161 | 255,418 | -39,162 |
| 1995 | 450,259 | -1,670 | 252,552 | -31,001 |
| 1994 | 428,169 | -1,905 | 249,115 | -22,633 |
| 1993 | 408,801 | -2,063 | 245,742 | -16,649 |
| 1992 | 388,430 | -2,216 | 241,482 | -14,796 |
| 1991 | 375,040 | -2,330 | 237,713 | -13,783 |
| 1990 | 360,621 | -1,777 | 234,155 | -12,959 |
| 1989 | 344,279 | -1,848 | 227,797 | -12,362 |
| 1988 | 330,510 | -1,883 | 221,772 | -12,036 |
| 1987 | 317,621 | -1,896 | 218,522 | -12,086 |
| 1986 | 307,074 | -1,914 | 212,887 | -12,655 |
| 1985 | 304,199 | -1,947 | 208,218 | -18,644 |
| 1984 | 296,892 | -1,965 | 203,125 | -24,858 |
| 1983 | 290,085 | -1,979 | 197,673 | -26,222 |
| 1982 | 284,733 | -2,093 | 191,309 | -27,672 |
| 1981 | 277,535 | -2,864 | 185,917 | -29,959 |
| 1980 | 275,287 | -4,005 | 179,707 | -32,616 |
| 1979 | 270,752 | -5,126 | 173,425 | -35,022 |
| 1978 | 263,684 | -5,874 | 167,744 | -36,559 |
| 1977 | 255,399 | -5,957 | 161,636 | -35,731 |
| 1976 | 247,026 | -5,655 | 154,776 | -18,716 |
| 1975 | 238,774 | -5,173 | 147,311 | -7,870 |
| 1974 | 230,233 | -4,607 | 139,974 | 3,347 |
| 1973 | 221,768 | -4,037 | 133,834 | 11,382 |
| 1972 | 213,138 | -3,583 | 128,024 | 13,852 |
| 1971 | 204,617 | -3,118 | 122,511 | 15,131 |
| 1970 | 194,889 | -2,658 | 117,264 | 16,168 |
| 1969 | 184,562 | -2,216 | 112,393 | 16,887 |
| 1968 | 175,869 | -1,766 | 108,240 | 17,264 |
| 1967 | 167,287 | -1,383 | 104,824 | 17,107 |
| 1966 | 159,483 | -964 | 101,359 | 15,849 |
| 1965 | 152,362 | -550 | 97,912 | 13,913 |
| 1964 | 146,894 | -204 | 94,797 | 11,892 |
| 1963 | 142,666 | 0 | 92,264 | 10,371 |
| 1962 | 139,412 | 0 | 89,937 | 9,809 |
| 1961 | 136,578 | 0 | 87,322 | 9,549 |
| 1960 | 133,684 | 0 | 84,735 | 9,337 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/senegal | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.7% of the population change in Madagascar is from natural causes (a gain of 7,165,578 people) and 0.31% is from migration (a loss of 22,384 people). In Senegal 93.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 4,089,205 people) and 6.13% is from migration (a gain of 267,266 people).
As of 2024, 38,625 residents or 0.1% of the population were not native-born in Madagascar, compared to 281,867 people or 1.5% in Senegal.
Biggest cities by population
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Antananarivo | 1.28M |
| Antsirabe | 265K |
| Toamasina | 225K |
| Toliara | 169K |
|
Senegal
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dakar | 1.44M |
| Thies | 391K |
| Rufisque | 295K |
| Saint-Louis | 259K |
| Ziguinchor | 205K |
| Kaolack | 172K |
| Louga | 113K |
| Kolda | 62.3K |
| Fatick | 39.4K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Madagascar and Senegal
|
Madagascar
|
Senegal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.3 years | 69.4 years |
| Average age | 24.1 years | 24.5 years |
| Median age | 20 years | 20.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 50.8:49.2 |
| Fertility rate | 3.97 births per woman | 3.82 births per woman |
| Population density | 149.3 ppl/mi² | 260.6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/senegal | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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