The latest officially reported population of Madagascar was 32,740,678 in 2025 vs 8,591,626 people in Togo in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Madagascar's population is 33,936,132 people compared to 8,873,660 in Togo.
Population statistics:
- Madagascar's population is 3.82 times bigger than Togo's.
- Madagascar is ranked the 49th most populous country in the world, while Togo is the 102nd.
- The countries together account for 0.52% of the world: 0.41% for Madagascar vs 0.11% for Togo.
- For the last 10 years, Madagascar has had an average growth rate of +2.57% per year vs +1.96% in Togo.
- Since 2006, the population of Madagascar has increased from 19.7M people to 33.9M (72% growth), while Togo has grown from 5.57M to 8.87M (59.3% growth).
Madagascar vs Togo: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Madagascar
|
Togo
|
|
| 2100 | 86,179,580 | 23,426,426 |
| 2099 | 85,790,370 | 23,284,304 |
| 2098 | 85,386,169 | 23,142,242 |
| 2097 | 84,969,767 | 22,996,845 |
| 2096 | 84,541,363 | 22,848,978 |
| 2095 | 84,101,733 | 22,702,297 |
| 2094 | 83,648,271 | 22,543,427 |
| 2093 | 83,182,675 | 22,395,941 |
| 2092 | 82,705,710 | 22,243,621 |
| 2091 | 82,216,203 | 22,083,590 |
| 2090 | 81,717,468 | 21,924,631 |
| 2089 | 81,206,806 | 21,761,057 |
| 2088 | 80,683,320 | 21,592,941 |
| 2087 | 80,148,075 | 21,431,785 |
| 2086 | 79,603,046 | 21,252,236 |
| 2085 | 79,047,406 | 21,073,697 |
| 2084 | 78,482,616 | 20,894,251 |
| 2083 | 77,906,589 | 20,708,859 |
| 2082 | 77,321,070 | 20,520,204 |
| 2081 | 76,724,415 | 20,325,061 |
| 2080 | 76,117,046 | 20,126,833 |
| 2079 | 75,497,666 | 19,927,036 |
| 2078 | 74,865,716 | 19,738,820 |
| 2077 | 74,221,281 | 19,547,568 |
| 2076 | 73,566,810 | 19,348,296 |
| 2075 | 72,899,578 | 19,141,211 |
| 2074 | 72,220,039 | 18,936,045 |
| 2073 | 71,530,359 | 18,729,441 |
| 2072 | 70,828,530 | 18,525,904 |
| 2071 | 70,115,645 | 18,321,024 |
| 2070 | 69,394,756 | 18,116,069 |
| 2069 | 68,663,443 | 17,905,429 |
| 2068 | 67,921,934 | 17,689,344 |
| 2067 | 67,170,963 | 17,477,786 |
| 2066 | 66,411,266 | 17,262,406 |
| 2065 | 65,644,233 | 17,049,758 |
| 2064 | 64,867,634 | 16,836,991 |
| 2063 | 64,083,768 | 16,618,806 |
| 2062 | 63,292,113 | 16,404,475 |
| 2061 | 62,493,456 | 16,190,814 |
| 2060 | 61,688,314 | 15,976,939 |
| 2059 | 60,876,714 | 15,767,690 |
| 2058 | 60,061,091 | 15,556,151 |
| 2057 | 59,241,569 | 15,341,629 |
| 2056 | 58,416,388 | 15,125,918 |
| 2055 | 57,588,488 | 14,903,207 |
| 2054 | 56,757,952 | 14,687,272 |
| 2053 | 55,923,669 | 14,471,467 |
| 2052 | 55,086,396 | 14,253,335 |
| 2051 | 54,246,667 | 14,030,311 |
| 2050 | 53,403,817 | 13,812,790 |
| 2049 | 52,559,645 | 13,588,431 |
| 2048 | 51,714,462 | 13,367,245 |
| 2047 | 50,868,979 | 13,148,252 |
| 2046 | 50,023,282 | 12,927,000 |
| 2045 | 49,178,377 | 12,705,654 |
| 2044 | 48,333,861 | 12,484,181 |
| 2043 | 47,489,686 | 12,261,788 |
| 2042 | 46,646,849 | 12,044,285 |
| 2041 | 45,806,003 | 11,827,268 |
| 2040 | 44,966,710 | 11,614,781 |
| 2039 | 44,130,890 | 11,398,360 |
| 2038 | 43,296,592 | 11,185,757 |
| 2037 | 42,465,456 | 10,975,322 |
| 2036 | 41,636,814 | 10,767,990 |
| 2035 | 40,810,847 | 10,559,369 |
| 2034 | 39,989,445 | 10,353,764 |
| 2033 | 39,170,206 | 10,148,738 |
| 2032 | 38,353,879 | 9,944,247 |
| 2031 | 37,539,603 | 9,741,001 |
| 2030 | 36,729,526 | 9,541,309 |
| 2029 | 35,923,382 | 9,347,000 |
| 2028 | 35,120,762 | 9,155,475 |
| 2027 | 34,322,223 | 8,965,572 |
| 2026 | 33,528,352 | 8,776,585 |
| 2025 | 32,740,678 | 8,591,626 |
| 2024 | 31,964,956 | 8,406,558 |
| 2023 | 31,195,932 | 8,223,850 |
| 2022 | 30,437,261 | 8,068,616 |
| 2021 | 29,691,083 | 7,936,176 |
| 2020 | 28,953,556 | 7,788,054 |
| 2019 | 28,219,554 | 7,619,925 |
| 2018 | 27,494,926 | 7,458,206 |
| 2017 | 26,788,375 | 7,324,386 |
| 2016 | 26,099,952 | 7,200,884 |
| 2015 | 25,426,702 | 7,071,502 |
| 2014 | 24,764,348 | 6,937,644 |
| 2013 | 24,109,290 | 6,798,848 |
| 2012 | 23,462,438 | 6,653,718 |
| 2011 | 22,822,300 | 6,500,582 |
| 2010 | 22,183,340 | 6,325,788 |
| 2009 | 21,547,280 | 6,130,946 |
| 2008 | 20,923,840 | 5,936,138 |
| 2007 | 20,318,583 | 5,748,443 |
| 2006 | 19,730,909 | 5,569,664 |
| 2005 | 19,159,707 | 5,413,154 |
| 2004 | 18,606,608 | 5,281,320 |
| 2003 | 18,071,854 | 5,154,112 |
| 2002 | 17,549,913 | 5,027,130 |
| 2001 | 17,032,939 | 4,904,144 |
| 2000 | 16,516,338 | 4,783,722 |
| 1999 | 16,000,506 | 4,665,754 |
| 1998 | 15,489,364 | 4,551,635 |
| 1997 | 14,990,814 | 4,438,794 |
| 1996 | 14,510,711 | 4,291,136 |
| 1995 | 14,051,275 | 4,110,450 |
| 1994 | 13,613,850 | 3,904,183 |
| 1993 | 13,197,345 | 3,887,974 |
| 1992 | 12,800,870 | 3,932,581 |
| 1991 | 12,421,412 | 3,822,636 |
| 1990 | 12,055,639 | 3,714,021 |
| 1989 | 11,704,998 | 3,606,918 |
| 1988 | 11,369,462 | 3,501,545 |
| 1987 | 11,047,291 | 3,397,614 |
| 1986 | 10,736,857 | 3,296,340 |
| 1985 | 10,433,142 | 3,194,539 |
| 1984 | 10,134,550 | 3,105,743 |
| 1983 | 9,843,044 | 3,033,077 |
| 1982 | 9,557,671 | 2,961,652 |
| 1981 | 9,279,011 | 2,879,440 |
| 1980 | 9,006,032 | 2,791,408 |
| 1979 | 8,737,581 | 2,714,349 |
| 1978 | 8,475,864 | 2,646,501 |
| 1977 | 8,222,240 | 2,583,984 |
| 1976 | 7,976,831 | 2,523,488 |
| 1975 | 7,739,336 | 2,463,796 |
| 1974 | 7,509,726 | 2,404,292 |
| 1973 | 7,288,048 | 2,344,510 |
| 1972 | 7,074,398 | 2,283,863 |
| 1971 | 6,868,868 | 2,219,826 |
| 1970 | 6,672,003 | 2,149,478 |
| 1969 | 6,484,716 | 2,043,416 |
| 1968 | 6,306,493 | 1,953,523 |
| 1967 | 6,136,486 | 1,912,764 |
| 1966 | 5,974,279 | 1,873,489 |
| 1965 | 5,819,116 | 1,835,588 |
| 1964 | 5,669,863 | 1,799,410 |
| 1963 | 5,525,185 | 1,765,072 |
| 1962 | 5,384,150 | 1,732,959 |
| 1961 | 5,246,158 | 1,702,717 |
| 1960 | 5,111,029 | 1,673,110 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/togo | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Madagascar increased by 6,369,043 people (a 32.3% growth), while Togo gained 1,631,220 people (a 29.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Madagascar gained 7,836,180 people (a 30% growth), while Togo's population increased by 1,672,776 people (a 23.2% growth).
Madagascar was ranked 57th most populous country in 2006 and is 49th in 2026. Togo was ranked 106th in 2006 and ranked 102nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Madagascar's population will grow by 57.4% to 53,403,817 people with a rank change from 49th to 37th. The population of Togo will increase by 55.7% to 13,812,790 people and rank change from 102nd to 88th.
Madagascar is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 86.2M people compared to the peak of 23.4M people in 2100 for Togo.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Togo
|
|
| 2100 | 0.45% | 0.61% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | 0.61% |
| 2098 | 0.49% | 0.63% |
| 2097 | 0.51% | 0.65% |
| 2096 | 0.52% | 0.65% |
| 2095 | 0.54% | 0.7% |
| 2094 | 0.56% | 0.66% |
| 2093 | 0.58% | 0.68% |
| 2092 | 0.6% | 0.72% |
| 2091 | 0.61% | 0.73% |
| 2090 | 0.63% | 0.75% |
| 2089 | 0.65% | 0.78% |
| 2088 | 0.67% | 0.75% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | 0.84% |
| 2086 | 0.7% | 0.85% |
| 2085 | 0.72% | 0.86% |
| 2084 | 0.74% | 0.9% |
| 2083 | 0.76% | 0.92% |
| 2082 | 0.78% | 0.96% |
| 2081 | 0.8% | 0.98% |
| 2080 | 0.82% | 1% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | 0.95% |
| 2078 | 0.87% | 0.98% |
| 2077 | 0.89% | 1.03% |
| 2076 | 0.92% | 1.08% |
| 2075 | 0.94% | 1.08% |
| 2074 | 0.96% | 1.1% |
| 2073 | 0.99% | 1.1% |
| 2072 | 1.02% | 1.12% |
| 2071 | 1.04% | 1.13% |
| 2070 | 1.07% | 1.18% |
| 2069 | 1.09% | 1.22% |
| 2068 | 1.12% | 1.21% |
| 2067 | 1.14% | 1.25% |
| 2066 | 1.17% | 1.25% |
| 2065 | 1.2% | 1.26% |
| 2064 | 1.22% | 1.31% |
| 2063 | 1.25% | 1.31% |
| 2062 | 1.28% | 1.32% |
| 2061 | 1.31% | 1.34% |
| 2060 | 1.33% | 1.33% |
| 2059 | 1.36% | 1.36% |
| 2058 | 1.38% | 1.4% |
| 2057 | 1.41% | 1.43% |
| 2056 | 1.44% | 1.49% |
| 2055 | 1.46% | 1.47% |
| 2054 | 1.49% | 1.49% |
| 2053 | 1.52% | 1.53% |
| 2052 | 1.55% | 1.59% |
| 2051 | 1.58% | 1.57% |
| 2050 | 1.61% | 1.65% |
| 2049 | 1.63% | 1.65% |
| 2048 | 1.66% | 1.67% |
| 2047 | 1.69% | 1.71% |
| 2046 | 1.72% | 1.74% |
| 2045 | 1.75% | 1.77% |
| 2044 | 1.78% | 1.81% |
| 2043 | 1.81% | 1.81% |
| 2042 | 1.84% | 1.83% |
| 2041 | 1.87% | 1.83% |
| 2040 | 1.89% | 1.9% |
| 2039 | 1.93% | 1.9% |
| 2038 | 1.96% | 1.92% |
| 2037 | 1.99% | 1.93% |
| 2036 | 2.02% | 1.98% |
| 2035 | 2.05% | 1.99% |
| 2034 | 2.09% | 2.02% |
| 2033 | 2.13% | 2.06% |
| 2032 | 2.17% | 2.09% |
| 2031 | 2.21% | 2.09% |
| 2030 | 2.24% | 2.08% |
| 2029 | 2.29% | 2.09% |
| 2028 | 2.33% | 2.12% |
| 2027 | 2.37% | 2.15% |
| 2026 | 2.41% | 2.15% |
| 2025 | 2.43% | 2.2% |
| 2024 | 2.47% | 2.22% |
| 2023 | 2.49% | 1.92% |
| 2022 | 2.51% | 1.67% |
| 2021 | 2.55% | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 2.6% | 2.21% |
| 2019 | 2.64% | 2.17% |
| 2018 | 2.64% | 1.83% |
| 2017 | 2.64% | 1.72% |
| 2016 | 2.65% | 1.83% |
| 2015 | 2.67% | 1.93% |
| 2014 | 2.72% | 2.04% |
| 2013 | 2.76% | 2.18% |
| 2012 | 2.8% | 2.36% |
| 2011 | 2.88% | 2.76% |
| 2010 | 2.95% | 3.18% |
| 2009 | 2.98% | 3.28% |
| 2008 | 2.98% | 3.27% |
| 2007 | 2.98% | 3.21% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 2.89% |
| 2005 | 2.97% | 2.5% |
| 2004 | 2.96% | 2.47% |
| 2003 | 2.97% | 2.53% |
| 2002 | 3.04% | 2.51% |
| 2001 | 3.13% | 2.52% |
| 2000 | 3.22% | 2.53% |
| 1999 | 3.3% | 2.51% |
| 1998 | 3.33% | 2.54% |
| 1997 | 3.31% | 3.44% |
| 1996 | 3.27% | 4.4% |
| 1995 | 3.21% | 5.28% |
| 1994 | 3.16% | 0.42% |
| 1993 | 3.1% | -1.13% |
| 1992 | 3.05% | 2.88% |
| 1991 | 3.03% | 2.92% |
| 1990 | 3% | 2.97% |
| 1989 | 2.95% | 3.01% |
| 1988 | 2.92% | 3.06% |
| 1987 | 2.89% | 3.07% |
| 1986 | 2.91% | 3.19% |
| 1985 | 2.95% | 2.86% |
| 1984 | 2.96% | 2.4% |
| 1983 | 2.99% | 2.41% |
| 1982 | 3% | 2.86% |
| 1981 | 3.03% | 3.15% |
| 1980 | 3.07% | 2.84% |
| 1979 | 3.09% | 2.56% |
| 1978 | 3.08% | 2.42% |
| 1977 | 3.08% | 2.4% |
| 1976 | 3.07% | 2.42% |
| 1975 | 3.06% | 2.47% |
| 1974 | 3.04% | 2.55% |
| 1973 | 3.02% | 2.66% |
| 1972 | 2.99% | 2.88% |
| 1971 | 2.95% | 3.27% |
| 1970 | 2.89% | 5.19% |
| 1969 | 2.83% | 4.6% |
| 1968 | 2.77% | 2.13% |
| 1967 | 2.72% | 2.1% |
| 1966 | 2.67% | 2.06% |
| 1965 | 2.63% | 2.01% |
| 1964 | 2.62% | 1.95% |
| 1963 | 2.62% | 1.85% |
| 1962 | 2.63% | 1.78% |
| 1961 | 2.64% | 1.77% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/togo | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Madagascar grew by 2.43%, while Togo's population grew by 2.2%.
Live population counters
|
Madagascar
|
Togo
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
33936132
|
8873660
|
| Population rank | 49/197 | 102/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.41% | 0.11% |
| One net population change |
40.8 seconds
|
2.85 minutes
|
| One birth every |
31.1 seconds
|
1.95 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.2 minutes
|
7.37 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,125 | +507 |
| Annual growth/decline | +775,722 | +185,068 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.43% | +2.2% |
| Population growth rate rank | 28/197 | 39/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.94 hours
|
35.1 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,227 | -15,010 |
| Net migration rank | 100/196 | 144/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 38,625 | 281,994 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 158/195 | 99/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.1% | 3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 193/195 | 117/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Togo
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,227 | - | -15,010 |
| 2024 | 774,926 | -1,795 | 198,184 | -14,014 |
| 2023 | 766,391 | -1,487 | 196,649 | -15,406 |
| 2022 | 753,931 | -1,487 | 195,051 | -65,826 |
| 2021 | 741,416 | -1,480 | 192,651 | -56,991 |
| 2020 | 736,607 | -1,480 | 192,474 | -31,892 |
| 2019 | 735,853 | -2,976 | 192,990 | -17,312 |
| 2018 | 719,267 | -2,887 | 191,482 | -43,718 |
| 2017 | 699,498 | -2,784 | 189,386 | -69,512 |
| 2016 | 682,801 | -2,687 | 187,007 | -59,885 |
| 2015 | 668,977 | -2,594 | 183,089 | -51,459 |
| 2014 | 660,837 | -2,522 | 179,671 | -43,591 |
| 2013 | 654,230 | -2,445 | 176,865 | -35,346 |
| 2012 | 644,255 | -2,334 | 176,051 | -27,315 |
| 2011 | 640,577 | -2,219 | 176,484 | -18,960 |
| 2010 | 641,543 | -1,979 | 175,800 | 16,265 |
| 2009 | 634,008 | -1,429 | 170,740 | 26,886 |
| 2008 | 615,580 | -1,255 | 164,627 | 27,362 |
| 2007 | 597,772 | -1,563 | 158,312 | 25,082 |
| 2006 | 581,489 | -2,336 | 150,821 | 23,346 |
| 2005 | 568,143 | -4,869 | 143,281 | -4,415 |
| 2004 | 556,319 | -13,393 | 136,802 | -11,998 |
| 2003 | 544,903 | -18,345 | 133,852 | -4,237 |
| 2002 | 535,518 | -18,209 | 130,283 | -5,939 |
| 2001 | 529,656 | -13,014 | 126,419 | -4,802 |
| 2000 | 520,860 | -4,298 | 122,712 | -3,485 |
| 1999 | 516,976 | -1,891 | 119,331 | -2,618 |
| 1998 | 508,408 | -1,222 | 116,918 | -5,394 |
| 1997 | 490,905 | -986 | 116,559 | -2,397 |
| 1996 | 471,453 | -1,161 | 111,887 | 69,276 |
| 1995 | 450,259 | -1,670 | 106,983 | 73,224 |
| 1994 | 428,169 | -1,905 | 100,045 | 132,276 |
| 1993 | 408,801 | -2,063 | 112,013 | -311,917 |
| 1992 | 388,430 | -2,216 | 110,828 | -132 |
| 1991 | 375,040 | -2,330 | 109,267 | -72 |
| 1990 | 360,621 | -1,777 | 107,985 | 59 |
| 1989 | 344,279 | -1,848 | 106,166 | 0 |
| 1988 | 330,510 | -1,883 | 104,605 | -29 |
| 1987 | 317,621 | -1,896 | 102,435 | 848 |
| 1986 | 307,074 | -1,914 | 99,698 | -436 |
| 1985 | 304,199 | -1,947 | 96,376 | 7,971 |
| 1984 | 296,892 | -1,965 | 95,195 | -21,949 |
| 1983 | 290,085 | -1,979 | 94,034 | -21,948 |
| 1982 | 284,733 | -2,093 | 92,715 | -21,958 |
| 1981 | 277,535 | -2,864 | 90,144 | 3,519 |
| 1980 | 275,287 | -4,005 | 87,404 | -4,993 |
| 1979 | 270,752 | -5,126 | 85,228 | -13,519 |
| 1978 | 263,684 | -5,874 | 83,151 | -19,163 |
| 1977 | 255,399 | -5,957 | 80,902 | -19,856 |
| 1976 | 247,026 | -5,655 | 78,770 | -18,832 |
| 1975 | 238,774 | -5,173 | 76,412 | -16,973 |
| 1974 | 230,233 | -4,607 | 74,055 | -14,483 |
| 1973 | 221,768 | -4,037 | 71,549 | -11,555 |
| 1972 | 213,138 | -3,583 | 68,966 | -7,661 |
| 1971 | 204,617 | -3,118 | 66,284 | 482 |
| 1970 | 194,889 | -2,658 | 63,057 | 10,865 |
| 1969 | 184,562 | -2,216 | 58,207 | 80,000 |
| 1968 | 175,869 | -1,766 | 56,082 | -14,504 |
| 1967 | 167,287 | -1,383 | 54,359 | -14,424 |
| 1966 | 159,483 | -964 | 52,832 | -14,216 |
| 1965 | 152,362 | -550 | 51,096 | -13,915 |
| 1964 | 146,894 | -204 | 49,450 | -14,266 |
| 1963 | 142,666 | 0 | 47,869 | -14,361 |
| 1962 | 139,412 | 0 | 46,201 | -15,486 |
| 1961 | 136,578 | 0 | 44,623 | -14,858 |
| 1960 | 133,684 | 0 | 43,307 | -13,868 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/togo | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.7% of the population change in Madagascar is from natural causes (a gain of 7,279,667 people) and 0.3% is from migration (a loss of 21,657 people). In Togo 81.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,918,963 people) and 18.2% is from migration (a loss of 426,015 people).
As of 2024, 38,625 residents or 0.1% of the population were not native-born in Madagascar, compared to 281,994 people or 3% in Togo.
Biggest cities by population
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Antananarivo | 1.28M |
| Antsirabe | 265K |
| Toamasina | 225K |
| Toliara | 169K |
|
Togo
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lome | 2.19M |
| Kara | 158K |
| Sokode | 115K |
| Atakpame | 98.2K |
| Kpalime | 87.5K |
| Sotouboua | 32.5K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Madagascar and Togo
|
Madagascar
|
Togo
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.3 years | 63.3 years |
| Average age | 24.3 years | 24.2 years |
| Median age | 20.2 years | 19.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 48.9:51.1 |
| Fertility rate | 3.91 births per woman | 4.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 149.3 ppl/mi² | 418 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/togo | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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