The latest officially reported population of Lebanon was 5,849,421 in 2025 vs 4,571,189 people in Panama in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Lebanon's population is 5,921,719 people compared to 4,654,479 in Panama.
Population statistics:
- Lebanon's population is 1.27 times bigger than Panama's.
- Lebanon is ranked the 115th most populous country in the world, while Panama is the 128th.
- The countries together account for 0.13% of the world: 0.07% for Lebanon vs 0.06% for Panama.
- For the last 10 years, Lebanon has had an average growth rate of -0.72% per year vs +1.47% in Panama.
- Since 2006, the population of Lebanon has increased from 4.75M people to 5.92M (24.6% growth), while Panama has grown from 3.38M to 4.65M (37.9% growth).
Lebanon vs Panama: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Lebanon
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | 7,233,292 | 5,946,537 |
| 2099 | 7,255,882 | 5,957,723 |
| 2098 | 7,277,550 | 5,968,478 |
| 2097 | 7,301,925 | 5,978,660 |
| 2096 | 7,325,994 | 5,988,413 |
| 2095 | 7,347,027 | 5,997,756 |
| 2094 | 7,369,470 | 6,006,449 |
| 2093 | 7,390,293 | 6,014,686 |
| 2092 | 7,407,084 | 6,022,273 |
| 2091 | 7,423,815 | 6,029,373 |
| 2090 | 7,437,389 | 6,035,905 |
| 2089 | 7,448,030 | 6,041,981 |
| 2088 | 7,458,059 | 6,047,292 |
| 2087 | 7,468,965 | 6,052,037 |
| 2086 | 7,472,798 | 6,056,131 |
| 2085 | 7,481,214 | 6,059,724 |
| 2084 | 7,480,291 | 6,062,518 |
| 2083 | 7,486,652 | 6,064,646 |
| 2082 | 7,486,791 | 6,065,953 |
| 2081 | 7,487,921 | 6,066,417 |
| 2080 | 7,488,203 | 6,066,099 |
| 2079 | 7,485,978 | 6,064,946 |
| 2078 | 7,484,772 | 6,062,910 |
| 2077 | 7,478,078 | 6,060,080 |
| 2076 | 7,474,064 | 6,056,429 |
| 2075 | 7,467,858 | 6,051,919 |
| 2074 | 7,450,655 | 6,046,406 |
| 2073 | 7,436,376 | 6,040,106 |
| 2072 | 7,424,690 | 6,032,854 |
| 2071 | 7,412,173 | 6,024,842 |
| 2070 | 7,397,929 | 6,016,080 |
| 2069 | 7,386,238 | 6,006,415 |
| 2068 | 7,377,717 | 5,995,906 |
| 2067 | 7,364,770 | 5,984,730 |
| 2066 | 7,352,347 | 5,972,654 |
| 2065 | 7,336,652 | 5,959,843 |
| 2064 | 7,320,561 | 5,946,126 |
| 2063 | 7,303,359 | 5,931,632 |
| 2062 | 7,283,645 | 5,916,180 |
| 2061 | 7,265,811 | 5,899,788 |
| 2060 | 7,243,446 | 5,882,473 |
| 2059 | 7,223,197 | 5,864,256 |
| 2058 | 7,202,701 | 5,844,863 |
| 2057 | 7,179,997 | 5,824,527 |
| 2056 | 7,156,445 | 5,803,204 |
| 2055 | 7,134,691 | 5,780,739 |
| 2054 | 7,111,260 | 5,757,183 |
| 2053 | 7,089,367 | 5,732,387 |
| 2052 | 7,066,769 | 5,706,417 |
| 2051 | 7,040,364 | 5,679,091 |
| 2050 | 7,014,112 | 5,650,483 |
| 2049 | 6,987,405 | 5,620,713 |
| 2048 | 6,956,499 | 5,589,579 |
| 2047 | 6,916,783 | 5,557,267 |
| 2046 | 6,881,711 | 5,523,734 |
| 2045 | 6,842,906 | 5,489,126 |
| 2044 | 6,799,445 | 5,453,277 |
| 2043 | 6,762,695 | 5,416,228 |
| 2042 | 6,719,865 | 5,378,090 |
| 2041 | 6,671,647 | 5,338,800 |
| 2040 | 6,621,937 | 5,298,428 |
| 2039 | 6,569,131 | 5,256,927 |
| 2038 | 6,515,459 | 5,214,237 |
| 2037 | 6,459,942 | 5,170,459 |
| 2036 | 6,406,631 | 5,125,785 |
| 2035 | 6,359,644 | 5,080,190 |
| 2034 | 6,308,450 | 5,033,697 |
| 2033 | 6,261,087 | 4,986,246 |
| 2032 | 6,210,077 | 4,937,655 |
| 2031 | 6,155,155 | 4,888,279 |
| 2030 | 6,101,258 | 4,837,999 |
| 2029 | 6,047,874 | 4,786,693 |
| 2028 | 5,995,773 | 4,734,263 |
| 2027 | 5,945,897 | 4,680,907 |
| 2026 | 5,896,184 | 4,626,568 |
| 2025 | 5,849,421 | 4,571,189 |
| 2024 | 5,805,962 | 4,515,577 |
| 2023 | 5,773,493 | 4,458,759 |
| 2022 | 5,744,489 | 4,400,773 |
| 2021 | 5,718,122 | 4,345,405 |
| 2020 | 5,702,398 | 4,293,261 |
| 2019 | 5,794,594 | 4,234,700 |
| 2018 | 5,984,119 | 4,167,860 |
| 2017 | 6,160,128 | 4,098,707 |
| 2016 | 6,323,060 | 4,029,086 |
| 2015 | 6,472,469 | 3,960,035 |
| 2014 | 6,346,990 | 3,892,101 |
| 2013 | 5,743,436 | 3,825,329 |
| 2012 | 5,235,742 | 3,759,256 |
| 2011 | 5,096,020 | 3,693,505 |
| 2010 | 5,041,288 | 3,628,535 |
| 2009 | 4,992,287 | 3,564,381 |
| 2008 | 4,925,354 | 3,500,648 |
| 2007 | 4,844,118 | 3,437,490 |
| 2006 | 4,751,136 | 3,375,024 |
| 2005 | 4,671,102 | 3,313,026 |
| 2004 | 4,599,279 | 3,251,155 |
| 2003 | 4,525,508 | 3,189,807 |
| 2002 | 4,463,504 | 3,129,344 |
| 2001 | 4,401,918 | 3,069,537 |
| 2000 | 4,329,340 | 3,010,369 |
| 1999 | 4,255,277 | 2,951,822 |
| 1998 | 4,181,281 | 2,893,914 |
| 1997 | 4,108,405 | 2,836,695 |
| 1996 | 4,034,781 | 2,780,227 |
| 1995 | 3,960,735 | 2,724,557 |
| 1994 | 3,889,799 | 2,669,546 |
| 1993 | 3,820,647 | 2,615,099 |
| 1992 | 3,747,371 | 2,561,336 |
| 1991 | 3,668,912 | 2,508,265 |
| 1990 | 3,595,175 | 2,455,583 |
| 1989 | 3,525,285 | 2,403,820 |
| 1988 | 3,454,649 | 2,352,848 |
| 1987 | 3,385,555 | 2,301,970 |
| 1986 | 3,300,365 | 2,251,325 |
| 1985 | 3,217,376 | 2,200,915 |
| 1984 | 3,152,744 | 2,150,782 |
| 1983 | 3,094,996 | 2,101,106 |
| 1982 | 3,054,931 | 2,052,271 |
| 1981 | 3,008,981 | 2,004,418 |
| 1980 | 2,944,763 | 1,957,534 |
| 1979 | 2,882,635 | 1,911,552 |
| 1978 | 2,822,682 | 1,866,311 |
| 1977 | 2,762,155 | 1,821,543 |
| 1976 | 2,726,469 | 1,776,935 |
| 1975 | 2,693,191 | 1,732,389 |
| 1974 | 2,635,185 | 1,687,926 |
| 1973 | 2,572,935 | 1,643,690 |
| 1972 | 2,509,729 | 1,599,723 |
| 1971 | 2,446,314 | 1,556,081 |
| 1970 | 2,386,114 | 1,513,070 |
| 1969 | 2,328,159 | 1,470,886 |
| 1968 | 2,266,368 | 1,429,447 |
| 1967 | 2,206,731 | 1,388,628 |
| 1966 | 2,148,260 | 1,348,388 |
| 1965 | 2,088,831 | 1,308,835 |
| 1964 | 2,030,543 | 1,270,065 |
| 1963 | 1,970,316 | 1,232,124 |
| 1962 | 1,909,578 | 1,195,301 |
| 1961 | 1,850,084 | 1,159,870 |
| 1960 | 1,794,406 | 1,126,005 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/lebanon/panama | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Lebanon increased by 1,571,924 people (a 33.1% growth), while Panama gained 654,062 people (a 19.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Lebanon lost 401,341 people (a 6.35% decline), while Panama's population increased by 625,393 people (a 15.5% growth).
Lebanon was ranked 115th most populous country in 2006 and is still 115th in 2026. Panama was ranked 128th in 2006 and still ranked 128th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Lebanon's population will grow by 18.4% to 7,014,112 people and will still be ranked 115th. The population of Panama will increase by 21.4% to 5,650,483 people and rank change from 128th to 124th.
Lebanon is projected to reach its peak in 2080 at 7.49M people compared to the peak of 6.07M people in 2081 for Panama.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Lebanon
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | -0.31% | -0.19% |
| 2099 | -0.3% | -0.18% |
| 2098 | -0.33% | -0.17% |
| 2097 | -0.33% | -0.16% |
| 2096 | -0.29% | -0.16% |
| 2095 | -0.3% | -0.14% |
| 2094 | -0.28% | -0.14% |
| 2093 | -0.23% | -0.13% |
| 2092 | -0.23% | -0.12% |
| 2091 | -0.18% | -0.11% |
| 2090 | -0.14% | -0.1% |
| 2089 | -0.13% | -0.09% |
| 2088 | -0.15% | -0.08% |
| 2087 | -0.05% | -0.07% |
| 2086 | -0.11% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | 0.01% | -0.05% |
| 2084 | -0.08% | -0.04% |
| 2083 | -0.002% | -0.02% |
| 2082 | -0.02% | -0.008% |
| 2081 | -0.004% | 0.005% |
| 2080 | 0.03% | 0.02% |
| 2079 | 0.02% | 0.03% |
| 2078 | 0.09% | 0.05% |
| 2077 | 0.05% | 0.06% |
| 2076 | 0.08% | 0.07% |
| 2075 | 0.23% | 0.09% |
| 2074 | 0.19% | 0.1% |
| 2073 | 0.16% | 0.12% |
| 2072 | 0.17% | 0.13% |
| 2071 | 0.19% | 0.15% |
| 2070 | 0.16% | 0.16% |
| 2069 | 0.12% | 0.18% |
| 2068 | 0.18% | 0.19% |
| 2067 | 0.17% | 0.2% |
| 2066 | 0.21% | 0.21% |
| 2065 | 0.22% | 0.23% |
| 2064 | 0.24% | 0.24% |
| 2063 | 0.27% | 0.26% |
| 2062 | 0.25% | 0.28% |
| 2061 | 0.31% | 0.29% |
| 2060 | 0.28% | 0.31% |
| 2059 | 0.28% | 0.33% |
| 2058 | 0.32% | 0.35% |
| 2057 | 0.33% | 0.37% |
| 2056 | 0.3% | 0.39% |
| 2055 | 0.33% | 0.41% |
| 2054 | 0.31% | 0.43% |
| 2053 | 0.32% | 0.46% |
| 2052 | 0.38% | 0.48% |
| 2051 | 0.37% | 0.51% |
| 2050 | 0.38% | 0.53% |
| 2049 | 0.44% | 0.56% |
| 2048 | 0.57% | 0.58% |
| 2047 | 0.51% | 0.61% |
| 2046 | 0.57% | 0.63% |
| 2045 | 0.64% | 0.66% |
| 2044 | 0.54% | 0.68% |
| 2043 | 0.64% | 0.71% |
| 2042 | 0.72% | 0.74% |
| 2041 | 0.75% | 0.76% |
| 2040 | 0.8% | 0.79% |
| 2039 | 0.82% | 0.82% |
| 2038 | 0.86% | 0.85% |
| 2037 | 0.83% | 0.87% |
| 2036 | 0.74% | 0.9% |
| 2035 | 0.81% | 0.92% |
| 2034 | 0.76% | 0.95% |
| 2033 | 0.82% | 0.98% |
| 2032 | 0.89% | 1.01% |
| 2031 | 0.88% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 0.88% | 1.07% |
| 2029 | 0.87% | 1.11% |
| 2028 | 0.84% | 1.14% |
| 2027 | 0.84% | 1.17% |
| 2026 | 0.8% | 1.21% |
| 2025 | 0.75% | 1.23% |
| 2024 | 0.56% | 1.27% |
| 2023 | 0.5% | 1.32% |
| 2022 | 0.46% | 1.27% |
| 2021 | 0.28% | 1.21% |
| 2020 | -1.59% | 1.38% |
| 2019 | -3.17% | 1.6% |
| 2018 | -2.86% | 1.69% |
| 2017 | -2.58% | 1.73% |
| 2016 | -2.31% | 1.74% |
| 2015 | 1.98% | 1.75% |
| 2014 | 10.5% | 1.75% |
| 2013 | 9.7% | 1.76% |
| 2012 | 2.74% | 1.78% |
| 2011 | 1.09% | 1.79% |
| 2010 | 0.98% | 1.8% |
| 2009 | 1.36% | 1.82% |
| 2008 | 1.68% | 1.84% |
| 2007 | 1.96% | 1.85% |
| 2006 | 1.71% | 1.87% |
| 2005 | 1.56% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 1.63% | 1.92% |
| 2003 | 1.39% | 1.93% |
| 2002 | 1.4% | 1.95% |
| 2001 | 1.68% | 1.97% |
| 2000 | 1.74% | 1.98% |
| 1999 | 1.77% | 2% |
| 1998 | 1.77% | 2.02% |
| 1997 | 1.82% | 2.03% |
| 1996 | 1.87% | 2.04% |
| 1995 | 1.82% | 2.06% |
| 1994 | 1.81% | 2.08% |
| 1993 | 1.96% | 2.1% |
| 1992 | 2.14% | 2.12% |
| 1991 | 2.05% | 2.15% |
| 1990 | 1.98% | 2.15% |
| 1989 | 2.04% | 2.17% |
| 1988 | 2.04% | 2.21% |
| 1987 | 2.58% | 2.25% |
| 1986 | 2.58% | 2.29% |
| 1985 | 2.05% | 2.33% |
| 1984 | 1.87% | 2.36% |
| 1983 | 1.31% | 2.38% |
| 1982 | 1.53% | 2.39% |
| 1981 | 2.18% | 2.4% |
| 1980 | 2.16% | 2.41% |
| 1979 | 2.12% | 2.42% |
| 1978 | 2.19% | 2.46% |
| 1977 | 1.31% | 2.51% |
| 1976 | 1.24% | 2.57% |
| 1975 | 2.2% | 2.63% |
| 1974 | 2.42% | 2.69% |
| 1973 | 2.52% | 2.75% |
| 1972 | 2.59% | 2.8% |
| 1971 | 2.52% | 2.84% |
| 1970 | 2.49% | 2.87% |
| 1969 | 2.73% | 2.9% |
| 1968 | 2.7% | 2.94% |
| 1967 | 2.72% | 2.98% |
| 1966 | 2.85% | 3.02% |
| 1965 | 2.87% | 3.05% |
| 1964 | 3.06% | 3.08% |
| 1963 | 3.18% | 3.08% |
| 1962 | 3.22% | 3.05% |
| 1961 | 3.1% | 3.01% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/lebanon/panama | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Lebanon grew by 0.75%, while Panama's population grew by 1.23%.
Live population counters
|
Lebanon
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5921719
|
4654479
|
| Population rank | 115/197 | 128/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.06% |
| One net population change |
12.1 minutes
|
9.48 minutes
|
| One birth every |
5.67 minutes
|
7.34 minutes
|
| One death every |
15 minutes
|
23.7 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +119 | +152 |
| Annual growth/decline | +43,459 | +55,612 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.75% | +1.23% |
| Population growth rate rank | 114/197 | 82/197 |
| One migration net change every |
51.5 minutes
|
1.43 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -10,230 | +6,151 |
| Net migration rank | 133/196 | 49/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 1,422,583 | 477,749 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 47/195 | 81/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 24.5% | 10.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 24/195 | 63/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Lebanon
|
Panama
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -10,230 | - | 6,151 |
| 2024 | 57,613 | -17,267 | 49,459 | 6,706 |
| 2023 | 58,786 | -34,193 | 50,197 | 7,262 |
| 2022 | 60,909 | -27,507 | 50,556 | 7,967 |
| 2021 | 46,614 | -27,290 | 46,747 | 5,473 |
| 2020 | 59,903 | -47,787 | 46,599 | 5,473 |
| 2019 | 70,486 | -266,992 | 54,420 | 10,623 |
| 2018 | 77,165 | -259,700 | 57,508 | 11,130 |
| 2017 | 84,172 | -253,664 | 58,607 | 11,059 |
| 2016 | 91,551 | -247,921 | 59,454 | 10,109 |
| 2015 | 97,385 | -239,829 | 59,896 | 8,648 |
| 2014 | 92,285 | 301,111 | 60,227 | 7,105 |
| 2013 | 80,218 | 733,500 | 60,295 | 5,926 |
| 2012 | 77,248 | 124,427 | 60,471 | 5,447 |
| 2011 | 75,523 | 2,246 | 60,411 | 5,167 |
| 2010 | 72,605 | -40,915 | 59,418 | 4,953 |
| 2009 | 69,004 | -2,700 | 59,168 | 4,765 |
| 2008 | 67,132 | 430 | 58,961 | 4,568 |
| 2007 | 66,965 | 27,944 | 58,454 | 4,330 |
| 2006 | 65,932 | 25,126 | 58,067 | 4,087 |
| 2005 | 67,778 | 1,224 | 58,014 | 3,843 |
| 2004 | 69,675 | 4,974 | 58,281 | 3,596 |
| 2003 | 71,232 | 1,674 | 57,458 | 3,352 |
| 2002 | 72,648 | -21,543 | 57,011 | 3,099 |
| 2001 | 73,160 | -1,094 | 56,654 | 2,856 |
| 2000 | 72,642 | 455 | 56,236 | 2,602 |
| 1999 | 72,437 | 2,589 | 55,911 | 2,341 |
| 1998 | 71,889 | 1,062 | 55,482 | 2,084 |
| 1997 | 71,486 | 1,313 | 55,060 | 1,820 |
| 1996 | 71,286 | 3,164 | 54,512 | 1,533 |
| 1995 | 71,016 | 2,634 | 54,069 | 1,221 |
| 1994 | 73,069 | -4,850 | 53,845 | 899 |
| 1993 | 75,278 | -5,196 | 53,591 | 560 |
| 1992 | 77,447 | -970 | 53,186 | 182 |
| 1991 | 79,274 | 1,159 | 53,079 | -305 |
| 1990 | 73,629 | -6,595 | 53,451 | -854 |
| 1989 | 74,577 | -1,827 | 52,295 | -1,368 |
| 1988 | 70,444 | -1,916 | 52,767 | -1,750 |
| 1987 | 69,058 | 607 | 52,690 | -1,953 |
| 1986 | 67,162 | 33,549 | 52,681 | -2,136 |
| 1985 | 66,368 | -1,108 | 52,573 | -2,297 |
| 1984 | 66,785 | -2,785 | 52,436 | -2,435 |
| 1983 | 66,056 | -14,558 | 51,880 | -2,518 |
| 1982 | 41,602 | -12,981 | 50,858 | -2,554 |
| 1981 | 65,084 | -1,799 | 50,018 | -2,620 |
| 1980 | 63,053 | 2,104 | 49,077 | -2,701 |
| 1979 | 61,184 | -2,103 | 48,362 | -2,772 |
| 1978 | 60,829 | 0 | 47,694 | -2,811 |
| 1977 | 60,232 | 0 | 47,438 | -2,792 |
| 1976 | 11,138 | 0 | 47,307 | -2,727 |
| 1975 | 55,423 | 0 | 47,149 | -2,635 |
| 1974 | 64,425 | -3,831 | 46,932 | -2,531 |
| 1973 | 63,420 | 482 | 46,540 | -2,464 |
| 1972 | 62,216 | 294 | 46,311 | -2,448 |
| 1971 | 61,278 | 3,042 | 45,867 | -2,454 |
| 1970 | 60,593 | -4,508 | 45,075 | -2,476 |
| 1969 | 59,829 | 0 | 44,278 | -2,510 |
| 1968 | 59,247 | 4,506 | 43,641 | -2,528 |
| 1967 | 58,957 | -3,434 | 43,054 | -2,528 |
| 1966 | 58,546 | 2,864 | 42,457 | -2,500 |
| 1965 | 58,195 | -742 | 41,604 | -2,454 |
| 1964 | 57,808 | 1,311 | 40,806 | -2,418 |
| 1963 | 57,054 | 4,269 | 39,872 | -2,380 |
| 1962 | 55,585 | 4,569 | 38,537 | -2,377 |
| 1961 | 53,995 | 4,844 | 37,100 | -2,394 |
| 1960 | 52,515 | 0 | 35,431 | -2,409 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/lebanon/panama | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 33.1% of the population change in Lebanon is from natural causes (a gain of 704,584 people) and 66.9% is from migration (a loss of 1,422,150 people). In Panama 86.3% is from natural causes (a gain of 533,443 people) and 13.7% is from migration (a gain of 84,450 people).
As of 2024, 1,422,583 residents or 24.5% of the population were not native-born in Lebanon, compared to 477,749 people or 10.6% in Panama.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Lebanon and Panama
|
Lebanon
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.2 years | 80.1 years |
| Average age | 33.5 years | 33.6 years |
| Median age | 29.8 years | 31.3 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.7:51.3 | 50:50 |
| Fertility rate | 2.23 births per woman | 2.11 births per woman |
| Population density | 1,493 ppl/mi² | 161.5 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/lebanon/panama | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.