The latest officially reported population of Equatorial Guinea was 1,892,516 in 2024 vs 4,515,577 people in Panama in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Equatorial Guinea's population is 1,998,075 people compared to 4,642,198 in Panama.
Population statistics:
- Panama's population is 2.32 times bigger than Equatorial Guinea's.
- Equatorial Guinea is ranked the 148th most populous country in the world, while Panama is the 128th.
- The countries together account for 0.08% of the world: 0.02% for Equatorial Guinea vs 0.06% for Panama.
- For the last 10 years, Equatorial Guinea has had an average growth rate of +3.15% per year vs +1.52% in Panama.
- Since 2006, the population of Equatorial Guinea has increased from 990K people to 2M (101.8% growth), while Panama has grown from 3.38M to 4.64M (37.5% growth).
Equatorial Guinea vs Panama: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | 5,053,285 | 5,947,731 |
| 2099 | 5,030,801 | 5,958,919 |
| 2098 | 5,007,228 | 5,969,676 |
| 2097 | 4,983,150 | 5,979,860 |
| 2096 | 4,959,082 | 5,989,615 |
| 2095 | 4,933,332 | 5,998,960 |
| 2094 | 4,905,464 | 6,007,655 |
| 2093 | 4,877,815 | 6,015,893 |
| 2092 | 4,850,016 | 6,023,482 |
| 2091 | 4,823,911 | 6,030,584 |
| 2090 | 4,796,204 | 6,037,116 |
| 2089 | 4,765,373 | 6,043,194 |
| 2088 | 4,734,246 | 6,048,506 |
| 2087 | 4,703,695 | 6,053,252 |
| 2086 | 4,673,217 | 6,057,347 |
| 2085 | 4,642,131 | 6,060,940 |
| 2084 | 4,607,210 | 6,063,735 |
| 2083 | 4,574,316 | 6,065,863 |
| 2082 | 4,540,818 | 6,067,171 |
| 2081 | 4,505,519 | 6,067,635 |
| 2080 | 4,469,469 | 6,067,317 |
| 2079 | 4,430,966 | 6,066,164 |
| 2078 | 4,393,054 | 6,064,127 |
| 2077 | 4,354,278 | 6,061,297 |
| 2076 | 4,312,881 | 6,057,645 |
| 2075 | 4,271,277 | 6,053,134 |
| 2074 | 4,230,374 | 6,047,620 |
| 2073 | 4,189,634 | 6,041,318 |
| 2072 | 4,148,110 | 6,034,065 |
| 2071 | 4,106,996 | 6,026,051 |
| 2070 | 4,064,376 | 6,017,288 |
| 2069 | 4,021,900 | 6,007,621 |
| 2068 | 3,981,311 | 5,997,109 |
| 2067 | 3,939,430 | 5,985,932 |
| 2066 | 3,896,865 | 5,973,853 |
| 2065 | 3,852,791 | 5,961,039 |
| 2064 | 3,808,133 | 5,947,320 |
| 2063 | 3,764,740 | 5,932,822 |
| 2062 | 3,721,365 | 5,917,367 |
| 2061 | 3,677,181 | 5,900,972 |
| 2060 | 3,632,328 | 5,883,654 |
| 2059 | 3,586,049 | 5,865,433 |
| 2058 | 3,537,963 | 5,846,037 |
| 2057 | 3,491,303 | 5,825,696 |
| 2056 | 3,444,436 | 5,804,369 |
| 2055 | 3,396,599 | 5,781,900 |
| 2054 | 3,348,286 | 5,758,339 |
| 2053 | 3,300,634 | 5,733,538 |
| 2052 | 3,252,844 | 5,707,562 |
| 2051 | 3,205,569 | 5,680,231 |
| 2050 | 3,158,891 | 5,651,617 |
| 2049 | 3,112,260 | 5,621,841 |
| 2048 | 3,065,466 | 5,590,701 |
| 2047 | 3,019,272 | 5,558,382 |
| 2046 | 2,971,402 | 5,524,843 |
| 2045 | 2,922,377 | 5,490,228 |
| 2044 | 2,872,776 | 5,454,371 |
| 2043 | 2,823,692 | 5,417,316 |
| 2042 | 2,773,582 | 5,379,169 |
| 2041 | 2,723,897 | 5,339,872 |
| 2040 | 2,672,567 | 5,299,492 |
| 2039 | 2,622,347 | 5,257,983 |
| 2038 | 2,570,184 | 5,215,284 |
| 2037 | 2,519,310 | 5,171,497 |
| 2036 | 2,468,819 | 5,126,814 |
| 2035 | 2,418,856 | 5,081,210 |
| 2034 | 2,368,775 | 5,034,708 |
| 2033 | 2,319,952 | 4,987,247 |
| 2032 | 2,269,637 | 4,938,646 |
| 2031 | 2,220,861 | 4,889,260 |
| 2030 | 2,173,192 | 4,838,970 |
| 2029 | 2,126,230 | 4,787,654 |
| 2028 | 2,079,176 | 4,735,214 |
| 2027 | 2,032,075 | 4,681,847 |
| 2026 | 1,985,469 | 4,627,497 |
| 2025 | 1,938,873 | 4,572,106 |
| 2024 | 1,892,516 | 4,515,577 |
| 2023 | 1,847,549 | 4,458,759 |
| 2022 | 1,803,545 | 4,400,773 |
| 2021 | 1,758,786 | 4,345,405 |
| 2020 | 1,716,468 | 4,293,261 |
| 2019 | 1,670,177 | 4,234,700 |
| 2018 | 1,616,422 | 4,167,860 |
| 2017 | 1,562,396 | 4,098,707 |
| 2016 | 1,508,186 | 4,029,086 |
| 2015 | 1,453,923 | 3,960,035 |
| 2014 | 1,399,828 | 3,892,101 |
| 2013 | 1,346,218 | 3,825,329 |
| 2012 | 1,293,483 | 3,759,256 |
| 2011 | 1,241,835 | 3,693,505 |
| 2010 | 1,189,085 | 3,628,535 |
| 2009 | 1,135,673 | 3,564,381 |
| 2008 | 1,084,530 | 3,500,648 |
| 2007 | 1,036,044 | 3,437,490 |
| 2006 | 990,343 | 3,375,024 |
| 2005 | 947,367 | 3,313,026 |
| 2004 | 899,917 | 3,251,155 |
| 2003 | 847,862 | 3,189,807 |
| 2002 | 797,957 | 3,129,344 |
| 2001 | 749,836 | 3,069,537 |
| 2000 | 703,279 | 3,010,369 |
| 1999 | 667,214 | 2,951,822 |
| 1998 | 641,474 | 2,893,914 |
| 1997 | 616,893 | 2,836,695 |
| 1996 | 593,492 | 2,780,227 |
| 1995 | 571,264 | 2,724,557 |
| 1994 | 550,138 | 2,669,546 |
| 1993 | 530,023 | 2,615,099 |
| 1992 | 510,770 | 2,561,336 |
| 1991 | 492,217 | 2,508,265 |
| 1990 | 474,274 | 2,455,583 |
| 1989 | 456,808 | 2,403,820 |
| 1988 | 439,651 | 2,352,848 |
| 1987 | 422,522 | 2,301,970 |
| 1986 | 404,728 | 2,251,325 |
| 1985 | 385,547 | 2,200,915 |
| 1984 | 364,899 | 2,150,782 |
| 1983 | 343,421 | 2,101,106 |
| 1982 | 322,216 | 2,052,271 |
| 1981 | 303,252 | 2,004,418 |
| 1980 | 288,644 | 1,957,534 |
| 1979 | 279,846 | 1,911,552 |
| 1978 | 276,531 | 1,866,311 |
| 1977 | 276,779 | 1,821,543 |
| 1976 | 281,031 | 1,776,935 |
| 1975 | 287,901 | 1,732,389 |
| 1974 | 294,953 | 1,687,926 |
| 1973 | 302,281 | 1,643,690 |
| 1972 | 309,468 | 1,599,723 |
| 1971 | 315,940 | 1,556,081 |
| 1970 | 320,803 | 1,513,070 |
| 1969 | 322,517 | 1,470,886 |
| 1968 | 318,849 | 1,429,447 |
| 1967 | 311,805 | 1,388,628 |
| 1966 | 304,859 | 1,348,388 |
| 1965 | 298,238 | 1,308,835 |
| 1964 | 291,942 | 1,270,065 |
| 1963 | 285,965 | 1,232,124 |
| 1962 | 280,286 | 1,195,301 |
| 1961 | 274,896 | 1,159,870 |
| 1960 | 269,807 | 1,126,005 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/equatorial-guinea/panama | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Equatorial Guinea increased by 517,843 people (a 52.3% growth), while Panama gained 654,062 people (a 19.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Equatorial Guinea gained 489,889 people (a 32.5% growth), while Panama's population increased by 613,112 people (a 15.2% growth).
Equatorial Guinea was ranked 154th most populous country in 2006 and is 148th in 2026. Panama was ranked 128th in 2006 and still ranked 128th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Equatorial Guinea's population will grow by 58.1% to 3,158,891 people with a rank change from 148th to 140th. The population of Panama will increase by 21.7% to 5,651,617 people and rank change from 128th to 124th.
Equatorial Guinea is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 5.05M people compared to the peak of 6.07M people in 2081 for Panama.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | 0.45% | -0.19% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | -0.18% |
| 2098 | 0.48% | -0.17% |
| 2097 | 0.49% | -0.16% |
| 2096 | 0.52% | -0.16% |
| 2095 | 0.57% | -0.14% |
| 2094 | 0.57% | -0.14% |
| 2093 | 0.57% | -0.13% |
| 2092 | 0.54% | -0.12% |
| 2091 | 0.58% | -0.11% |
| 2090 | 0.65% | -0.1% |
| 2089 | 0.66% | -0.09% |
| 2088 | 0.65% | -0.08% |
| 2087 | 0.65% | -0.07% |
| 2086 | 0.67% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | 0.76% | -0.05% |
| 2084 | 0.72% | -0.04% |
| 2083 | 0.74% | -0.02% |
| 2082 | 0.78% | -0.008% |
| 2081 | 0.81% | 0.005% |
| 2080 | 0.87% | 0.02% |
| 2079 | 0.86% | 0.03% |
| 2078 | 0.89% | 0.05% |
| 2077 | 0.96% | 0.06% |
| 2076 | 0.97% | 0.07% |
| 2075 | 0.97% | 0.09% |
| 2074 | 0.97% | 0.1% |
| 2073 | 1% | 0.12% |
| 2072 | 1% | 0.13% |
| 2071 | 1.05% | 0.15% |
| 2070 | 1.06% | 0.16% |
| 2069 | 1.02% | 0.18% |
| 2068 | 1.06% | 0.19% |
| 2067 | 1.09% | 0.2% |
| 2066 | 1.14% | 0.21% |
| 2065 | 1.17% | 0.23% |
| 2064 | 1.15% | 0.24% |
| 2063 | 1.17% | 0.26% |
| 2062 | 1.2% | 0.28% |
| 2061 | 1.23% | 0.29% |
| 2060 | 1.29% | 0.31% |
| 2059 | 1.36% | 0.33% |
| 2058 | 1.34% | 0.35% |
| 2057 | 1.36% | 0.37% |
| 2056 | 1.41% | 0.39% |
| 2055 | 1.44% | 0.41% |
| 2054 | 1.44% | 0.43% |
| 2053 | 1.47% | 0.46% |
| 2052 | 1.47% | 0.48% |
| 2051 | 1.48% | 0.51% |
| 2050 | 1.5% | 0.53% |
| 2049 | 1.53% | 0.56% |
| 2048 | 1.53% | 0.58% |
| 2047 | 1.61% | 0.61% |
| 2046 | 1.68% | 0.63% |
| 2045 | 1.73% | 0.66% |
| 2044 | 1.74% | 0.68% |
| 2043 | 1.81% | 0.71% |
| 2042 | 1.82% | 0.74% |
| 2041 | 1.92% | 0.76% |
| 2040 | 1.92% | 0.79% |
| 2039 | 2.03% | 0.82% |
| 2038 | 2.02% | 0.85% |
| 2037 | 2.05% | 0.87% |
| 2036 | 2.07% | 0.9% |
| 2035 | 2.11% | 0.92% |
| 2034 | 2.1% | 0.95% |
| 2033 | 2.22% | 0.98% |
| 2032 | 2.2% | 1.01% |
| 2031 | 2.19% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | 2.21% | 1.07% |
| 2029 | 2.26% | 1.11% |
| 2028 | 2.32% | 1.14% |
| 2027 | 2.35% | 1.17% |
| 2026 | 2.4% | 1.21% |
| 2025 | 2.45% | 1.25% |
| 2024 | 2.43% | 1.27% |
| 2023 | 2.44% | 1.32% |
| 2022 | 2.54% | 1.27% |
| 2021 | 2.47% | 1.21% |
| 2020 | 2.77% | 1.38% |
| 2019 | 3.33% | 1.6% |
| 2018 | 3.46% | 1.69% |
| 2017 | 3.59% | 1.73% |
| 2016 | 3.73% | 1.74% |
| 2015 | 3.86% | 1.75% |
| 2014 | 3.98% | 1.75% |
| 2013 | 4.08% | 1.76% |
| 2012 | 4.16% | 1.78% |
| 2011 | 4.44% | 1.79% |
| 2010 | 4.7% | 1.8% |
| 2009 | 4.72% | 1.82% |
| 2008 | 4.68% | 1.84% |
| 2007 | 4.61% | 1.85% |
| 2006 | 4.54% | 1.87% |
| 2005 | 5.27% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | 6.14% | 1.92% |
| 2003 | 6.25% | 1.93% |
| 2002 | 6.42% | 1.95% |
| 2001 | 6.62% | 1.97% |
| 2000 | 5.41% | 1.98% |
| 1999 | 4.01% | 2% |
| 1998 | 3.98% | 2.02% |
| 1997 | 3.94% | 2.03% |
| 1996 | 3.89% | 2.04% |
| 1995 | 3.84% | 2.06% |
| 1994 | 3.8% | 2.08% |
| 1993 | 3.77% | 2.1% |
| 1992 | 3.77% | 2.12% |
| 1991 | 3.78% | 2.15% |
| 1990 | 3.82% | 2.15% |
| 1989 | 3.9% | 2.17% |
| 1988 | 4.05% | 2.21% |
| 1987 | 4.4% | 2.25% |
| 1986 | 4.98% | 2.29% |
| 1985 | 5.66% | 2.33% |
| 1984 | 6.25% | 2.36% |
| 1983 | 6.58% | 2.38% |
| 1982 | 6.25% | 2.39% |
| 1981 | 5.06% | 2.4% |
| 1980 | 3.14% | 2.41% |
| 1979 | 1.2% | 2.42% |
| 1978 | -0.09% | 2.46% |
| 1977 | -1.51% | 2.51% |
| 1976 | -2.39% | 2.57% |
| 1975 | -2.39% | 2.63% |
| 1974 | -2.42% | 2.69% |
| 1973 | -2.32% | 2.75% |
| 1972 | -2.05% | 2.8% |
| 1971 | -1.52% | 2.84% |
| 1970 | -0.53% | 2.87% |
| 1969 | 1.15% | 2.9% |
| 1968 | 2.26% | 2.94% |
| 1967 | 2.28% | 2.98% |
| 1966 | 2.22% | 3.02% |
| 1965 | 2.16% | 3.05% |
| 1964 | 2.09% | 3.08% |
| 1963 | 2.03% | 3.08% |
| 1962 | 1.96% | 3.05% |
| 1961 | 1.89% | 3.01% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/equatorial-guinea/panama | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Equatorial Guinea grew by 2.43%, while Panama's population grew by 1.27%.
Live population counters
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1998075
|
4642198
|
| Population rank | 148/197 | 128/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.06% |
| One net population change |
11.7 minutes
|
9.25 minutes
|
| One birth every |
9.61 minutes
|
7.35 minutes
|
| One death every |
36.1 minutes
|
24.7 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +123 | +156 |
| Annual growth/decline | +44,967 | +56,818 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.43% | +1.27% |
| Population growth rate rank | 30/197 | 83/197 |
| One migration net change every |
2.3 hours
|
1.43 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +3,812 | +6,151 |
| Net migration rank | 53/196 | 49/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 248,930 | 477,749 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 106/195 | 81/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 13.2% | 10.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 52/195 | 63/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Panama
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 3,812 | - | 6,151 |
| 2024 | - | 3,891 | - | 6,706 |
| 2023 | 40,140 | 3,997 | 50,197 | 7,262 |
| 2022 | 39,873 | 3,997 | 50,556 | 7,967 |
| 2021 | 39,160 | 6,493 | 46,747 | 5,473 |
| 2020 | 38,994 | 0 | 46,599 | 5,473 |
| 2019 | 38,894 | 14,695 | 54,420 | 10,623 |
| 2018 | 38,332 | 15,581 | 57,508 | 11,130 |
| 2017 | 37,740 | 16,399 | 58,607 | 11,059 |
| 2016 | 37,180 | 17,107 | 59,454 | 10,109 |
| 2015 | 36,543 | 17,697 | 59,896 | 8,648 |
| 2014 | 35,889 | 18,058 | 60,227 | 7,105 |
| 2013 | 35,158 | 18,106 | 60,295 | 5,926 |
| 2012 | 34,347 | 17,860 | 60,471 | 5,447 |
| 2011 | 33,502 | 17,604 | 60,411 | 5,167 |
| 2010 | 32,368 | 22,027 | 59,418 | 4,953 |
| 2009 | 31,184 | 21,235 | 59,168 | 4,765 |
| 2008 | 29,941 | 19,925 | 58,961 | 4,568 |
| 2007 | 28,672 | 18,433 | 58,454 | 4,330 |
| 2006 | 27,404 | 16,889 | 58,067 | 4,087 |
| 2005 | 26,116 | 15,548 | 58,014 | 3,843 |
| 2004 | 24,666 | 28,578 | 58,281 | 3,596 |
| 2003 | 23,168 | 27,696 | 57,458 | 3,352 |
| 2002 | 21,744 | 27,198 | 57,011 | 3,099 |
| 2001 | 20,376 | 26,919 | 56,654 | 2,856 |
| 2000 | 19,132 | 26,695 | 56,236 | 2,602 |
| 1999 | 18,465 | 7,846 | 55,911 | 2,341 |
| 1998 | 17,854 | 7,307 | 55,482 | 2,084 |
| 1997 | 17,305 | 6,696 | 55,060 | 1,820 |
| 1996 | 16,802 | 6,003 | 54,512 | 1,533 |
| 1995 | 16,345 | 5,300 | 54,069 | 1,221 |
| 1994 | 15,937 | 4,664 | 53,845 | 899 |
| 1993 | 15,459 | 4,175 | 53,591 | 560 |
| 1992 | 15,010 | 3,867 | 53,186 | 182 |
| 1991 | 14,581 | 3,642 | 53,079 | -305 |
| 1990 | 14,158 | 3,511 | 53,451 | -854 |
| 1989 | 13,724 | 3,545 | 52,295 | -1,368 |
| 1988 | 13,266 | 3,777 | 52,767 | -1,750 |
| 1987 | 12,727 | 4,482 | 52,690 | -1,953 |
| 1986 | 12,061 | 6,317 | 52,681 | -2,136 |
| 1985 | 11,179 | 8,816 | 52,573 | -2,297 |
| 1984 | 10,076 | 11,221 | 52,436 | -2,435 |
| 1983 | 8,886 | 12,766 | 51,880 | -2,518 |
| 1982 | 8,182 | 12,568 | 50,858 | -2,554 |
| 1981 | 7,573 | 9,605 | 50,018 | -2,620 |
| 1980 | 7,142 | 4,903 | 49,077 | -2,701 |
| 1979 | 5,786 | -235 | 48,362 | -2,772 |
| 1978 | 5,635 | -4,553 | 47,694 | -2,811 |
| 1977 | 5,550 | -7,131 | 47,438 | -2,792 |
| 1976 | 2,451 | -9,377 | 47,307 | -2,727 |
| 1975 | 4,580 | -11,398 | 47,149 | -2,635 |
| 1974 | 5,697 | -12,983 | 46,932 | -2,531 |
| 1973 | 6,508 | -13,875 | 46,540 | -2,464 |
| 1972 | 6,572 | -13,576 | 46,311 | -2,448 |
| 1971 | 4,822 | -10,760 | 45,867 | -2,454 |
| 1970 | 2,715 | -6,499 | 45,075 | -2,476 |
| 1969 | 2,593 | -2,237 | 44,278 | -2,510 |
| 1968 | 6,417 | 565 | 43,641 | -2,528 |
| 1967 | 6,135 | 974 | 43,054 | -2,528 |
| 1966 | 5,868 | 915 | 42,457 | -2,500 |
| 1965 | 5,618 | 837 | 41,604 | -2,454 |
| 1964 | 5,393 | 735 | 40,806 | -2,418 |
| 1963 | 5,192 | 632 | 39,872 | -2,380 |
| 1962 | 5,013 | 528 | 38,537 | -2,377 |
| 1961 | 4,858 | 384 | 37,100 | -2,394 |
| 1960 | 4,727 | 210 | 35,431 | -2,409 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/equatorial-guinea/panama | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 77% of the population change in Equatorial Guinea is from natural causes (a gain of 382,745 people) and 23% is from migration (a gain of 114,024 people). In Panama 86.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 544,211 people) and 13.5% is from migration (a gain of 84,849 people).
As of 2024, 248,930 residents or 13.2% of the population were not native-born in Equatorial Guinea, compared to 477,749 people or 10.6% in Panama.
Biggest cities by population
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Malabo | 297K |
| Bata | 290K |
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Panama | 410K |
| Colon | 242K |
| Santiago de Veraguas | 110K |
| Tocumen | 103K |
| David | 82.9K |
| La Chorrera | 68.9K |
| Pacora | 52.5K |
| Penonome | 21.7K |
| Balboa | 10K |
| Chitre | 9.02K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Equatorial Guinea and Panama
|
Equatorial Guinea
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.3 years | 80.1 years |
| Average age | 25.9 years | 33.3 years |
| Median age | 22 years | 30.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 52.7:47.3 | 50:50 |
| Fertility rate | 4.08 births per woman | 2.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 183.3 ppl/mi² | 161.6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/equatorial-guinea/panama | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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