The latest officially reported population of Estonia was 1,372,341 in 2024 vs 4,515,577 people in Panama in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Estonia's population is 1,339,590 people compared to 4,642,198 in Panama.
Population statistics:
- Panama's population is 3.47 times bigger than Estonia's.
- Estonia is ranked the 155th most populous country in the world, while Panama is the 128th.
- The countries together account for 0.07% of the world: 0.02% for Estonia vs 0.06% for Panama.
- For the last 10 years, Estonia has had an average growth rate of +0.37% per year vs +1.52% in Panama.
- Since 2006, the population of Estonia has decreased from 1.35M people to 1.34M (0.54% decline), while Panama has grown from 3.38M to 4.64M (37.5% growth).
Estonia vs Panama: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Estonia
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | 831,394 | 5,947,731 |
| 2099 | 836,965 | 5,958,919 |
| 2098 | 842,414 | 5,969,676 |
| 2097 | 847,873 | 5,979,860 |
| 2096 | 853,472 | 5,989,615 |
| 2095 | 859,044 | 5,998,960 |
| 2094 | 864,547 | 6,007,655 |
| 2093 | 870,136 | 6,015,893 |
| 2092 | 875,676 | 6,023,482 |
| 2091 | 881,282 | 6,030,584 |
| 2090 | 887,028 | 6,037,116 |
| 2089 | 892,857 | 6,043,194 |
| 2088 | 898,736 | 6,048,506 |
| 2087 | 904,914 | 6,053,252 |
| 2086 | 911,254 | 6,057,347 |
| 2085 | 917,722 | 6,060,940 |
| 2084 | 924,458 | 6,063,735 |
| 2083 | 931,259 | 6,065,863 |
| 2082 | 938,110 | 6,067,171 |
| 2081 | 944,978 | 6,067,635 |
| 2080 | 952,018 | 6,067,317 |
| 2079 | 959,194 | 6,066,164 |
| 2078 | 966,496 | 6,064,127 |
| 2077 | 973,883 | 6,061,297 |
| 2076 | 981,283 | 6,057,645 |
| 2075 | 988,735 | 6,053,134 |
| 2074 | 996,352 | 6,047,620 |
| 2073 | 1,004,078 | 6,041,318 |
| 2072 | 1,011,873 | 6,034,065 |
| 2071 | 1,019,779 | 6,026,051 |
| 2070 | 1,027,821 | 6,017,288 |
| 2069 | 1,035,828 | 6,007,621 |
| 2068 | 1,043,819 | 5,997,109 |
| 2067 | 1,051,892 | 5,985,932 |
| 2066 | 1,059,940 | 5,973,853 |
| 2065 | 1,068,064 | 5,961,039 |
| 2064 | 1,076,199 | 5,947,320 |
| 2063 | 1,084,303 | 5,932,822 |
| 2062 | 1,092,418 | 5,917,367 |
| 2061 | 1,100,514 | 5,900,972 |
| 2060 | 1,108,650 | 5,883,654 |
| 2059 | 1,116,534 | 5,865,433 |
| 2058 | 1,124,375 | 5,846,037 |
| 2057 | 1,132,033 | 5,825,696 |
| 2056 | 1,139,610 | 5,804,369 |
| 2055 | 1,147,117 | 5,781,900 |
| 2054 | 1,154,317 | 5,758,339 |
| 2053 | 1,161,452 | 5,733,538 |
| 2052 | 1,168,381 | 5,707,562 |
| 2051 | 1,175,291 | 5,680,231 |
| 2050 | 1,182,029 | 5,651,617 |
| 2049 | 1,188,633 | 5,621,841 |
| 2048 | 1,194,960 | 5,590,701 |
| 2047 | 1,201,294 | 5,558,382 |
| 2046 | 1,207,577 | 5,524,843 |
| 2045 | 1,213,815 | 5,490,228 |
| 2044 | 1,220,042 | 5,454,371 |
| 2043 | 1,226,162 | 5,417,316 |
| 2042 | 1,232,282 | 5,379,169 |
| 2041 | 1,238,386 | 5,339,872 |
| 2040 | 1,244,441 | 5,299,492 |
| 2039 | 1,250,581 | 5,257,983 |
| 2038 | 1,256,780 | 5,215,284 |
| 2037 | 1,263,149 | 5,171,497 |
| 2036 | 1,269,700 | 5,126,814 |
| 2035 | 1,276,331 | 5,081,210 |
| 2034 | 1,283,159 | 5,034,708 |
| 2033 | 1,290,037 | 4,987,247 |
| 2032 | 1,297,036 | 4,938,646 |
| 2031 | 1,304,102 | 4,889,260 |
| 2030 | 1,311,189 | 4,838,970 |
| 2029 | 1,318,225 | 4,787,654 |
| 2028 | 1,325,354 | 4,735,214 |
| 2027 | 1,332,492 | 4,681,847 |
| 2026 | 1,339,590 | 4,627,497 |
| 2025 | 1,358,931 | 4,572,106 |
| 2024 | 1,372,341 | 4,515,577 |
| 2023 | 1,370,286 | 4,458,759 |
| 2022 | 1,348,840 | 4,400,773 |
| 2021 | 1,330,932 | 4,345,405 |
| 2020 | 1,329,522 | 4,293,261 |
| 2019 | 1,326,898 | 4,234,700 |
| 2018 | 1,321,977 | 4,167,860 |
| 2017 | 1,317,384 | 4,098,707 |
| 2016 | 1,315,790 | 4,029,086 |
| 2015 | 1,315,407 | 3,960,035 |
| 2014 | 1,314,545 | 3,892,101 |
| 2013 | 1,317,997 | 3,825,329 |
| 2012 | 1,322,696 | 3,759,256 |
| 2011 | 1,327,439 | 3,693,505 |
| 2010 | 1,331,475 | 3,628,535 |
| 2009 | 1,334,515 | 3,564,381 |
| 2008 | 1,337,090 | 3,500,648 |
| 2007 | 1,340,680 | 3,437,490 |
| 2006 | 1,346,810 | 3,375,024 |
| 2005 | 1,354,775 | 3,313,026 |
| 2004 | 1,362,550 | 3,251,155 |
| 2003 | 1,370,720 | 3,189,807 |
| 2002 | 1,379,350 | 3,129,344 |
| 2001 | 1,388,115 | 3,069,537 |
| 2000 | 1,396,985 | 3,010,369 |
| 1999 | 1,390,244 | 2,951,822 |
| 1998 | 1,386,156 | 2,893,914 |
| 1997 | 1,399,535 | 2,836,695 |
| 1996 | 1,415,594 | 2,780,227 |
| 1995 | 1,436,634 | 2,724,557 |
| 1994 | 1,462,514 | 2,669,546 |
| 1993 | 1,494,128 | 2,615,099 |
| 1992 | 1,533,091 | 2,561,336 |
| 1991 | 1,561,314 | 2,508,265 |
| 1990 | 1,569,174 | 2,455,583 |
| 1989 | 1,568,131 | 2,403,820 |
| 1988 | 1,561,900 | 2,352,848 |
| 1987 | 1,552,221 | 2,301,970 |
| 1986 | 1,540,190 | 2,251,325 |
| 1985 | 1,528,781 | 2,200,915 |
| 1984 | 1,518,617 | 2,150,782 |
| 1983 | 1,508,745 | 2,101,106 |
| 1982 | 1,498,414 | 2,052,271 |
| 1981 | 1,487,666 | 2,004,418 |
| 1980 | 1,477,219 | 1,957,534 |
| 1979 | 1,468,333 | 1,911,552 |
| 1978 | 1,460,188 | 1,866,311 |
| 1977 | 1,450,211 | 1,821,543 |
| 1976 | 1,439,576 | 1,776,935 |
| 1975 | 1,429,352 | 1,732,389 |
| 1974 | 1,418,169 | 1,687,926 |
| 1973 | 1,405,951 | 1,643,690 |
| 1972 | 1,392,518 | 1,599,723 |
| 1971 | 1,376,955 | 1,556,081 |
| 1970 | 1,360,076 | 1,513,070 |
| 1969 | 1,345,249 | 1,470,886 |
| 1968 | 1,331,214 | 1,429,447 |
| 1967 | 1,318,946 | 1,388,628 |
| 1966 | 1,308,597 | 1,348,388 |
| 1965 | 1,294,566 | 1,308,835 |
| 1964 | 1,277,086 | 1,270,065 |
| 1963 | 1,258,857 | 1,232,124 |
| 1962 | 1,241,623 | 1,195,301 |
| 1961 | 1,225,077 | 1,159,870 |
| 1960 | 1,211,537 | 1,126,005 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/panama | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Estonia decreased by 31,020 people (a 2.3% decline), while Panama gained 654,062 people (a 19.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Estonia gained 23,800 people (a 1.81% growth), while Panama's population increased by 613,112 people (a 15.2% growth).
Estonia was ranked 149th most populous country in 2006 and is 155th in 2026. Panama was ranked 128th in 2006 and still ranked 128th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Estonia's population will shrink by 11.8% to 1,182,029 people with a rank change from 155th to 159th. The population of Panama will increase by 21.7% to 5,651,617 people and rank change from 128th to 124th.
Panama is projected to reach its peak in 2081 at 6.07M people, while Estonia's population already peaked in 1990 at 1.57M people and is projected to decrease to 831K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Panama
|
|
| 2100 | -0.67% | -0.19% |
| 2099 | -0.65% | -0.18% |
| 2098 | -0.64% | -0.17% |
| 2097 | -0.66% | -0.16% |
| 2096 | -0.65% | -0.16% |
| 2095 | -0.64% | -0.14% |
| 2094 | -0.64% | -0.14% |
| 2093 | -0.63% | -0.13% |
| 2092 | -0.64% | -0.12% |
| 2091 | -0.65% | -0.11% |
| 2090 | -0.65% | -0.1% |
| 2089 | -0.65% | -0.09% |
| 2088 | -0.68% | -0.08% |
| 2087 | -0.7% | -0.07% |
| 2086 | -0.7% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | -0.73% | -0.05% |
| 2084 | -0.73% | -0.04% |
| 2083 | -0.73% | -0.02% |
| 2082 | -0.73% | -0.008% |
| 2081 | -0.74% | 0.005% |
| 2080 | -0.75% | 0.02% |
| 2079 | -0.76% | 0.03% |
| 2078 | -0.76% | 0.05% |
| 2077 | -0.75% | 0.06% |
| 2076 | -0.75% | 0.07% |
| 2075 | -0.76% | 0.09% |
| 2074 | -0.77% | 0.1% |
| 2073 | -0.77% | 0.12% |
| 2072 | -0.78% | 0.13% |
| 2071 | -0.78% | 0.15% |
| 2070 | -0.77% | 0.16% |
| 2069 | -0.77% | 0.18% |
| 2068 | -0.77% | 0.19% |
| 2067 | -0.76% | 0.2% |
| 2066 | -0.76% | 0.21% |
| 2065 | -0.76% | 0.23% |
| 2064 | -0.75% | 0.24% |
| 2063 | -0.74% | 0.26% |
| 2062 | -0.74% | 0.28% |
| 2061 | -0.73% | 0.29% |
| 2060 | -0.71% | 0.31% |
| 2059 | -0.7% | 0.33% |
| 2058 | -0.68% | 0.35% |
| 2057 | -0.66% | 0.37% |
| 2056 | -0.65% | 0.39% |
| 2055 | -0.62% | 0.41% |
| 2054 | -0.61% | 0.43% |
| 2053 | -0.59% | 0.46% |
| 2052 | -0.59% | 0.48% |
| 2051 | -0.57% | 0.51% |
| 2050 | -0.56% | 0.53% |
| 2049 | -0.53% | 0.56% |
| 2048 | -0.53% | 0.58% |
| 2047 | -0.52% | 0.61% |
| 2046 | -0.51% | 0.63% |
| 2045 | -0.51% | 0.66% |
| 2044 | -0.5% | 0.68% |
| 2043 | -0.5% | 0.71% |
| 2042 | -0.49% | 0.74% |
| 2041 | -0.49% | 0.76% |
| 2040 | -0.49% | 0.79% |
| 2039 | -0.49% | 0.82% |
| 2038 | -0.5% | 0.85% |
| 2037 | -0.52% | 0.87% |
| 2036 | -0.52% | 0.9% |
| 2035 | -0.53% | 0.92% |
| 2034 | -0.53% | 0.95% |
| 2033 | -0.54% | 0.98% |
| 2032 | -0.54% | 1.01% |
| 2031 | -0.54% | 1.04% |
| 2030 | -0.53% | 1.07% |
| 2029 | -0.54% | 1.11% |
| 2028 | -0.54% | 1.14% |
| 2027 | -0.53% | 1.17% |
| 2026 | -1.42% | 1.21% |
| 2025 | -0.98% | 1.25% |
| 2024 | 0.15% | 1.27% |
| 2023 | 1.59% | 1.32% |
| 2022 | 1.35% | 1.27% |
| 2021 | 0.11% | 1.21% |
| 2020 | 0.2% | 1.38% |
| 2019 | 0.37% | 1.6% |
| 2018 | 0.35% | 1.69% |
| 2017 | 0.12% | 1.73% |
| 2016 | 0.03% | 1.74% |
| 2015 | 0.07% | 1.75% |
| 2014 | -0.26% | 1.75% |
| 2013 | -0.36% | 1.76% |
| 2012 | -0.36% | 1.78% |
| 2011 | -0.3% | 1.79% |
| 2010 | -0.23% | 1.8% |
| 2009 | -0.19% | 1.82% |
| 2008 | -0.27% | 1.84% |
| 2007 | -0.46% | 1.85% |
| 2006 | -0.59% | 1.87% |
| 2005 | -0.57% | 1.9% |
| 2004 | -0.6% | 1.92% |
| 2003 | -0.63% | 1.93% |
| 2002 | -0.63% | 1.95% |
| 2001 | -0.63% | 1.97% |
| 2000 | 0.48% | 1.98% |
| 1999 | 0.29% | 2% |
| 1998 | -0.96% | 2.02% |
| 1997 | -1.13% | 2.03% |
| 1996 | -1.46% | 2.04% |
| 1995 | -1.77% | 2.06% |
| 1994 | -2.12% | 2.08% |
| 1993 | -2.54% | 2.1% |
| 1992 | -1.81% | 2.12% |
| 1991 | -0.5% | 2.15% |
| 1990 | 0.07% | 2.15% |
| 1989 | 0.4% | 2.17% |
| 1988 | 0.62% | 2.21% |
| 1987 | 0.78% | 2.25% |
| 1986 | 0.75% | 2.29% |
| 1985 | 0.67% | 2.33% |
| 1984 | 0.65% | 2.36% |
| 1983 | 0.69% | 2.38% |
| 1982 | 0.72% | 2.39% |
| 1981 | 0.71% | 2.4% |
| 1980 | 0.61% | 2.41% |
| 1979 | 0.56% | 2.42% |
| 1978 | 0.69% | 2.46% |
| 1977 | 0.74% | 2.51% |
| 1976 | 0.72% | 2.57% |
| 1975 | 0.79% | 2.63% |
| 1974 | 0.87% | 2.69% |
| 1973 | 0.96% | 2.75% |
| 1972 | 1.13% | 2.8% |
| 1971 | 1.24% | 2.84% |
| 1970 | 1.1% | 2.87% |
| 1969 | 1.05% | 2.9% |
| 1968 | 0.93% | 2.94% |
| 1967 | 0.79% | 2.98% |
| 1966 | 1.08% | 3.02% |
| 1965 | 1.37% | 3.05% |
| 1964 | 1.45% | 3.08% |
| 1963 | 1.39% | 3.08% |
| 1962 | 1.35% | 3.05% |
| 1961 | 1.12% | 3.01% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/panama | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Estonia grew by 0.15%, while Panama's population grew by 1.27%.
Live population counters
|
Estonia
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
1339590
|
4642198
|
| Population rank | 155/197 | 128/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.02% | 0.06% |
| One net population change |
4.26 hours
|
9.25 minutes
|
| One birth every |
47.9 minutes
|
7.35 minutes
|
| One death every |
32.8 minutes
|
24.7 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +6 | +156 |
| Annual growth/decline | +2,055 | +56,818 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.15% | +1.27% |
| Population growth rate rank | 158/197 | 83/197 |
| One migration net change every |
39.5 minutes
|
1.43 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -13,350 | +6,151 |
| Net migration rank | 141/196 | 49/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 203,046 | 477,749 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 110/195 | 81/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 14.9% | 10.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 43/195 | 63/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Estonia
|
Panama
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -13,350 | - | 6,151 |
| 2024 | - | -7,742 | - | 6,706 |
| 2023 | -5,070 | 5,717 | 50,197 | 7,262 |
| 2022 | -5,665 | 39,754 | 50,556 | 7,967 |
| 2021 | -5,324 | 7,043 | 46,747 | 5,473 |
| 2020 | -2,659 | 3,694 | 46,599 | 5,473 |
| 2019 | -1,327 | 5,386 | 54,420 | 10,623 |
| 2018 | -1,322 | 7,089 | 57,508 | 11,130 |
| 2017 | -1,713 | 5,202 | 58,607 | 11,059 |
| 2016 | -1,316 | 1,081 | 59,454 | 10,109 |
| 2015 | -1,315 | 4,261 | 59,896 | 8,648 |
| 2014 | -1,972 | -674 | 60,227 | 7,105 |
| 2013 | -1,713 | -2,688 | 60,295 | 5,926 |
| 2012 | -1,455 | -3,674 | 60,471 | 5,447 |
| 2011 | -531 | -3,941 | 60,411 | 5,167 |
| 2010 | 0 | -3,781 | 59,418 | 4,953 |
| 2009 | -400 | -2,089 | 59,168 | 4,765 |
| 2008 | -668 | -2,034 | 58,961 | 4,568 |
| 2007 | -1,608 | -2,941 | 58,454 | 4,330 |
| 2006 | -2,559 | -5,351 | 58,067 | 4,087 |
| 2005 | -2,981 | -5,208 | 58,014 | 3,843 |
| 2004 | -3,679 | -3,681 | 58,281 | 3,596 |
| 2003 | -5,072 | -3,705 | 57,458 | 3,352 |
| 2002 | -5,380 | -2,889 | 57,011 | 3,099 |
| 2001 | -5,830 | -3,280 | 56,654 | 2,856 |
| 2000 | -5,309 | -3,083 | 56,236 | 2,602 |
| 1999 | -6,117 | 1,419 | 55,911 | 2,341 |
| 1998 | -7,208 | -3,296 | 55,482 | 2,084 |
| 1997 | -6,018 | -4,066 | 55,060 | 1,820 |
| 1996 | -5,662 | -10,540 | 54,512 | 1,533 |
| 1995 | -7,327 | -12,655 | 54,069 | 1,221 |
| 1994 | -8,044 | -17,984 | 53,845 | 899 |
| 1993 | -5,976 | -25,501 | 53,591 | 560 |
| 1992 | -1,993 | -38,391 | 53,186 | 182 |
| 1991 | -312 | -9,712 | 53,079 | -305 |
| 1990 | 2,825 | -2,660 | 53,451 | -854 |
| 1989 | 5,803 | -368 | 52,295 | -1,368 |
| 1988 | 6,404 | 5,256 | 52,767 | -1,750 |
| 1987 | 6,829 | 5,389 | 52,690 | -1,953 |
| 1986 | 6,160 | 5,260 | 52,681 | -2,136 |
| 1985 | 4,281 | 5,097 | 52,573 | -2,297 |
| 1984 | 5,163 | 5,006 | 52,436 | -2,435 |
| 1983 | 5,884 | 4,986 | 51,880 | -2,518 |
| 1982 | 5,244 | 4,832 | 50,858 | -2,554 |
| 1981 | 4,612 | 4,789 | 50,018 | -2,620 |
| 1980 | 3,989 | 4,619 | 49,077 | -2,701 |
| 1979 | 3,818 | 4,521 | 48,362 | -2,772 |
| 1978 | 4,088 | 7,234 | 47,694 | -2,811 |
| 1977 | 4,931 | 7,189 | 47,438 | -2,792 |
| 1976 | 4,319 | 6,942 | 47,307 | -2,727 |
| 1975 | 4,717 | 6,737 | 47,149 | -2,635 |
| 1974 | 5,956 | 6,594 | 46,932 | -2,531 |
| 1973 | 5,623 | 6,488 | 46,540 | -2,464 |
| 1972 | 6,267 | 6,432 | 46,311 | -2,448 |
| 1971 | 7,160 | 6,392 | 45,867 | -2,454 |
| 1970 | 6,257 | 6,158 | 45,075 | -2,476 |
| 1969 | 5,515 | 8,650 | 44,278 | -2,510 |
| 1968 | 5,592 | 9,403 | 43,641 | -2,528 |
| 1967 | 5,012 | 9,115 | 43,054 | -2,528 |
| 1966 | 4,842 | 8,998 | 42,457 | -2,500 |
| 1965 | 5,437 | 8,851 | 41,604 | -2,454 |
| 1964 | 6,897 | 8,734 | 40,806 | -2,418 |
| 1963 | 6,043 | 8,410 | 39,872 | -2,380 |
| 1962 | 6,457 | 8,248 | 38,537 | -2,377 |
| 1961 | 7,228 | 7,991 | 37,100 | -2,394 |
| 1960 | 7,511 | 7,762 | 35,431 | -2,409 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/panama | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 26.1% of the population change in Estonia is from natural causes (a loss of 27,683 people) and 73.9% is from migration (a gain of 78,553 people). In Panama 86.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 544,211 people) and 13.5% is from migration (a gain of 84,849 people).
As of 2024, 203,046 residents or 14.9% of the population were not native-born in Estonia, compared to 477,749 people or 10.6% in Panama.
Biggest cities by population
|
Estonia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Tallinn | 458K |
| Tartu | 97.8K |
| Narva | 53.4K |
| Parnu | 41.5K |
| Kohtla-Jarve | 33.4K |
| Viljandi | 17.3K |
| Maardu | 17K |
| Rakvere | 15.7K |
| Kuressaare | 13.2K |
| Sillamae | 12.4K |
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Panama | 410K |
| Colon | 242K |
| Santiago de Veraguas | 110K |
| Tocumen | 103K |
| David | 82.9K |
| La Chorrera | 68.9K |
| Pacora | 52.5K |
| Penonome | 21.7K |
| Balboa | 10K |
| Chitre | 9.02K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Estonia and Panama
|
Estonia
|
Panama
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 79.6 years | 80.1 years |
| Average age | 43.1 years | 33.3 years |
| Median age | 43.3 years | 30.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 47.5:52.5 | 50:50 |
| Fertility rate | 1.31 births per woman | 2.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 81.2 ppl/mi² | 161.6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/estonia/panama | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
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