The latest officially reported population of Madagascar was 32,740,678 in 2025 vs 6,111,175 people in Singapore in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Madagascar's population is 33,936,132 people compared to 6,167,445 in Singapore.
Population statistics:
- Madagascar's population is 5.5 times bigger than Singapore's.
- Madagascar is ranked the 49th most populous country in the world, while Singapore is the 113th.
- The countries together account for 0.48% of the world: 0.41% for Madagascar vs 0.07% for Singapore.
- For the last 10 years, Madagascar has had an average growth rate of +2.57% per year vs +1.04% in Singapore.
- Since 2006, the population of Madagascar has increased from 19.7M people to 33.9M (72% growth), while Singapore has grown from 4.4M to 6.17M (40.1% growth).
Madagascar vs Singapore: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Madagascar
|
Singapore
|
|
| 2100 | 86,179,580 | 4,367,779 |
| 2099 | 85,790,370 | 4,411,412 |
| 2098 | 85,386,169 | 4,459,213 |
| 2097 | 84,969,767 | 4,507,770 |
| 2096 | 84,541,363 | 4,558,553 |
| 2095 | 84,101,733 | 4,610,080 |
| 2094 | 83,648,271 | 4,664,700 |
| 2093 | 83,182,675 | 4,718,168 |
| 2092 | 82,705,710 | 4,771,068 |
| 2091 | 82,216,203 | 4,828,101 |
| 2090 | 81,717,468 | 4,885,895 |
| 2089 | 81,206,806 | 4,946,502 |
| 2088 | 80,683,320 | 5,004,664 |
| 2087 | 80,148,075 | 5,063,944 |
| 2086 | 79,603,046 | 5,124,380 |
| 2085 | 79,047,406 | 5,183,406 |
| 2084 | 78,482,616 | 5,240,616 |
| 2083 | 77,906,589 | 5,298,156 |
| 2082 | 77,321,070 | 5,356,138 |
| 2081 | 76,724,415 | 5,412,770 |
| 2080 | 76,117,046 | 5,467,479 |
| 2079 | 75,497,666 | 5,521,442 |
| 2078 | 74,865,716 | 5,571,799 |
| 2077 | 74,221,281 | 5,619,705 |
| 2076 | 73,566,810 | 5,663,197 |
| 2075 | 72,899,578 | 5,710,629 |
| 2074 | 72,220,039 | 5,756,364 |
| 2073 | 71,530,359 | 5,795,230 |
| 2072 | 70,828,530 | 5,831,071 |
| 2071 | 70,115,645 | 5,864,860 |
| 2070 | 69,394,756 | 5,895,880 |
| 2069 | 68,663,443 | 5,928,650 |
| 2068 | 67,921,934 | 5,959,740 |
| 2067 | 67,170,963 | 5,988,217 |
| 2066 | 66,411,266 | 6,021,266 |
| 2065 | 65,644,233 | 6,052,854 |
| 2064 | 64,867,634 | 6,079,559 |
| 2063 | 64,083,768 | 6,102,106 |
| 2062 | 63,292,113 | 6,126,791 |
| 2061 | 62,493,456 | 6,149,980 |
| 2060 | 61,688,314 | 6,175,566 |
| 2059 | 60,876,714 | 6,196,576 |
| 2058 | 60,061,091 | 6,219,117 |
| 2057 | 59,241,569 | 6,236,905 |
| 2056 | 58,416,388 | 6,255,191 |
| 2055 | 57,588,488 | 6,274,008 |
| 2054 | 56,757,952 | 6,295,405 |
| 2053 | 55,923,669 | 6,311,683 |
| 2052 | 55,086,396 | 6,324,118 |
| 2051 | 54,246,667 | 6,341,435 |
| 2050 | 53,403,817 | 6,359,963 |
| 2049 | 52,559,645 | 6,376,972 |
| 2048 | 51,714,462 | 6,390,246 |
| 2047 | 50,868,979 | 6,408,209 |
| 2046 | 50,023,282 | 6,422,503 |
| 2045 | 49,178,377 | 6,434,477 |
| 2044 | 48,333,861 | 6,447,538 |
| 2043 | 47,489,686 | 6,455,584 |
| 2042 | 46,646,849 | 6,462,372 |
| 2041 | 45,806,003 | 6,468,000 |
| 2040 | 44,966,710 | 6,469,582 |
| 2039 | 44,130,890 | 6,466,204 |
| 2038 | 43,296,592 | 6,457,329 |
| 2037 | 42,465,456 | 6,445,649 |
| 2036 | 41,636,814 | 6,433,599 |
| 2035 | 40,810,847 | 6,417,210 |
| 2034 | 39,989,445 | 6,395,064 |
| 2033 | 39,170,206 | 6,367,864 |
| 2032 | 38,353,879 | 6,340,911 |
| 2031 | 37,539,603 | 6,311,853 |
| 2030 | 36,729,526 | 6,284,466 |
| 2029 | 35,923,382 | 6,254,860 |
| 2028 | 35,120,762 | 6,220,267 |
| 2027 | 34,322,223 | 6,184,266 |
| 2026 | 33,528,352 | 6,149,680 |
| 2025 | 32,740,678 | 6,111,175 |
| 2024 | 31,964,956 | 6,036,860 |
| 2023 | 31,195,932 | 5,917,648 |
| 2022 | 30,437,261 | 5,637,022 |
| 2021 | 29,691,083 | 5,453,566 |
| 2020 | 28,953,556 | 5,685,807 |
| 2019 | 28,219,554 | 5,703,569 |
| 2018 | 27,494,926 | 5,638,676 |
| 2017 | 26,788,375 | 5,612,253 |
| 2016 | 26,099,952 | 5,607,283 |
| 2015 | 25,426,702 | 5,535,002 |
| 2014 | 24,764,348 | 5,469,724 |
| 2013 | 24,109,290 | 5,399,162 |
| 2012 | 23,462,438 | 5,312,437 |
| 2011 | 22,822,300 | 5,183,688 |
| 2010 | 22,183,340 | 5,076,732 |
| 2009 | 21,547,280 | 4,987,573 |
| 2008 | 20,923,840 | 4,839,396 |
| 2007 | 20,318,583 | 4,588,599 |
| 2006 | 19,730,909 | 4,401,365 |
| 2005 | 19,159,707 | 4,265,762 |
| 2004 | 18,606,608 | 4,166,664 |
| 2003 | 18,071,854 | 4,114,826 |
| 2002 | 17,549,913 | 4,175,950 |
| 2001 | 17,032,939 | 4,138,012 |
| 2000 | 16,516,338 | 4,027,887 |
| 1999 | 16,000,506 | 3,958,723 |
| 1998 | 15,489,364 | 3,927,213 |
| 1997 | 14,990,814 | 3,796,038 |
| 1996 | 14,510,711 | 3,670,704 |
| 1995 | 14,051,275 | 3,524,506 |
| 1994 | 13,613,850 | 3,419,048 |
| 1993 | 13,197,345 | 3,313,471 |
| 1992 | 12,800,870 | 3,230,698 |
| 1991 | 12,421,412 | 3,135,083 |
| 1990 | 12,055,639 | 3,047,132 |
| 1989 | 11,704,998 | 2,930,901 |
| 1988 | 11,369,462 | 2,846,108 |
| 1987 | 11,047,291 | 2,774,789 |
| 1986 | 10,736,857 | 2,733,373 |
| 1985 | 10,433,142 | 2,735,957 |
| 1984 | 10,134,550 | 2,732,221 |
| 1983 | 9,843,044 | 2,681,061 |
| 1982 | 9,557,671 | 2,646,466 |
| 1981 | 9,279,011 | 2,532,835 |
| 1980 | 9,006,032 | 2,413,945 |
| 1979 | 8,737,581 | 2,383,500 |
| 1978 | 8,475,864 | 2,353,600 |
| 1977 | 8,222,240 | 2,325,300 |
| 1976 | 7,976,831 | 2,293,300 |
| 1975 | 7,739,336 | 2,262,600 |
| 1974 | 7,509,726 | 2,229,800 |
| 1973 | 7,288,048 | 2,193,000 |
| 1972 | 7,074,398 | 2,152,400 |
| 1971 | 6,868,868 | 2,112,900 |
| 1970 | 6,672,003 | 2,074,507 |
| 1969 | 6,484,716 | 2,042,500 |
| 1968 | 6,306,493 | 2,012,000 |
| 1967 | 6,136,486 | 1,977,600 |
| 1966 | 5,974,279 | 1,934,400 |
| 1965 | 5,819,116 | 1,886,900 |
| 1964 | 5,669,863 | 1,841,600 |
| 1963 | 5,525,185 | 1,795,000 |
| 1962 | 5,384,150 | 1,750,200 |
| 1961 | 5,246,158 | 1,702,400 |
| 1960 | 5,111,029 | 1,646,400 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/singapore | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Madagascar increased by 6,369,043 people (a 32.3% growth), while Singapore gained 1,205,918 people (a 27.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Madagascar gained 7,836,180 people (a 30% growth), while Singapore's population increased by 560,162 people (a 9.99% growth).
Madagascar was ranked 57th most populous country in 2006 and is 49th in 2026. Singapore was ranked 117th in 2006 and ranked 113th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Madagascar's population will grow by 57.4% to 53,403,817 people with a rank change from 49th to 37th. The population of Singapore will increase by 3.12% to 6,359,963 people and rank change from 113th to 117th.
Madagascar is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 86.2M people compared to the peak of 6.47M people in 2040 for Singapore.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Singapore
|
|
| 2100 | 0.45% | -0.99% |
| 2099 | 0.47% | -1.07% |
| 2098 | 0.49% | -1.08% |
| 2097 | 0.51% | -1.11% |
| 2096 | 0.52% | -1.12% |
| 2095 | 0.54% | -1.17% |
| 2094 | 0.56% | -1.13% |
| 2093 | 0.58% | -1.11% |
| 2092 | 0.6% | -1.18% |
| 2091 | 0.61% | -1.18% |
| 2090 | 0.63% | -1.23% |
| 2089 | 0.65% | -1.16% |
| 2088 | 0.67% | -1.17% |
| 2087 | 0.68% | -1.18% |
| 2086 | 0.7% | -1.14% |
| 2085 | 0.72% | -1.09% |
| 2084 | 0.74% | -1.09% |
| 2083 | 0.76% | -1.08% |
| 2082 | 0.78% | -1.05% |
| 2081 | 0.8% | -1% |
| 2080 | 0.82% | -0.98% |
| 2079 | 0.84% | -0.9% |
| 2078 | 0.87% | -0.85% |
| 2077 | 0.89% | -0.77% |
| 2076 | 0.92% | -0.83% |
| 2075 | 0.94% | -0.79% |
| 2074 | 0.96% | -0.67% |
| 2073 | 0.99% | -0.61% |
| 2072 | 1.02% | -0.58% |
| 2071 | 1.04% | -0.53% |
| 2070 | 1.07% | -0.55% |
| 2069 | 1.09% | -0.52% |
| 2068 | 1.12% | -0.48% |
| 2067 | 1.14% | -0.55% |
| 2066 | 1.17% | -0.52% |
| 2065 | 1.2% | -0.44% |
| 2064 | 1.22% | -0.37% |
| 2063 | 1.25% | -0.4% |
| 2062 | 1.28% | -0.38% |
| 2061 | 1.31% | -0.41% |
| 2060 | 1.33% | -0.34% |
| 2059 | 1.36% | -0.36% |
| 2058 | 1.38% | -0.29% |
| 2057 | 1.41% | -0.29% |
| 2056 | 1.44% | -0.3% |
| 2055 | 1.46% | -0.34% |
| 2054 | 1.49% | -0.26% |
| 2053 | 1.52% | -0.2% |
| 2052 | 1.55% | -0.27% |
| 2051 | 1.58% | -0.29% |
| 2050 | 1.61% | -0.27% |
| 2049 | 1.63% | -0.21% |
| 2048 | 1.66% | -0.28% |
| 2047 | 1.69% | -0.22% |
| 2046 | 1.72% | -0.19% |
| 2045 | 1.75% | -0.2% |
| 2044 | 1.78% | -0.12% |
| 2043 | 1.81% | -0.11% |
| 2042 | 1.84% | -0.09% |
| 2041 | 1.87% | -0.02% |
| 2040 | 1.89% | 0.05% |
| 2039 | 1.93% | 0.14% |
| 2038 | 1.96% | 0.18% |
| 2037 | 1.99% | 0.19% |
| 2036 | 2.02% | 0.26% |
| 2035 | 2.05% | 0.35% |
| 2034 | 2.09% | 0.43% |
| 2033 | 2.13% | 0.43% |
| 2032 | 2.17% | 0.46% |
| 2031 | 2.21% | 0.44% |
| 2030 | 2.24% | 0.47% |
| 2029 | 2.29% | 0.56% |
| 2028 | 2.33% | 0.58% |
| 2027 | 2.37% | 0.56% |
| 2026 | 2.41% | 0.63% |
| 2025 | 2.43% | 1.23% |
| 2024 | 2.47% | 2.01% |
| 2023 | 2.49% | 4.98% |
| 2022 | 2.51% | 3.36% |
| 2021 | 2.55% | -4.08% |
| 2020 | 2.6% | -0.31% |
| 2019 | 2.64% | 1.15% |
| 2018 | 2.64% | 0.47% |
| 2017 | 2.64% | 0.09% |
| 2016 | 2.65% | 1.31% |
| 2015 | 2.67% | 1.19% |
| 2014 | 2.72% | 1.31% |
| 2013 | 2.76% | 1.63% |
| 2012 | 2.8% | 2.48% |
| 2011 | 2.88% | 2.11% |
| 2010 | 2.95% | 1.79% |
| 2009 | 2.98% | 3.06% |
| 2008 | 2.98% | 5.47% |
| 2007 | 2.98% | 4.25% |
| 2006 | 2.98% | 3.18% |
| 2005 | 2.97% | 2.38% |
| 2004 | 2.96% | 1.26% |
| 2003 | 2.97% | -1.46% |
| 2002 | 3.04% | 0.92% |
| 2001 | 3.13% | 2.73% |
| 2000 | 3.22% | 1.75% |
| 1999 | 3.3% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | 3.33% | 3.46% |
| 1997 | 3.31% | 3.41% |
| 1996 | 3.27% | 4.15% |
| 1995 | 3.21% | 3.08% |
| 1994 | 3.16% | 3.19% |
| 1993 | 3.1% | 2.56% |
| 1992 | 3.05% | 3.05% |
| 1991 | 3.03% | 2.89% |
| 1990 | 3% | 3.97% |
| 1989 | 2.95% | 2.98% |
| 1988 | 2.92% | 2.57% |
| 1987 | 2.89% | 1.52% |
| 1986 | 2.91% | -0.09% |
| 1985 | 2.95% | 0.14% |
| 1984 | 2.96% | 1.91% |
| 1983 | 2.99% | 1.31% |
| 1982 | 3% | 4.49% |
| 1981 | 3.03% | 4.93% |
| 1980 | 3.07% | 1.28% |
| 1979 | 3.09% | 1.27% |
| 1978 | 3.08% | 1.22% |
| 1977 | 3.08% | 1.4% |
| 1976 | 3.07% | 1.36% |
| 1975 | 3.06% | 1.47% |
| 1974 | 3.04% | 1.68% |
| 1973 | 3.02% | 1.89% |
| 1972 | 2.99% | 1.87% |
| 1971 | 2.95% | 1.85% |
| 1970 | 2.89% | 1.57% |
| 1969 | 2.83% | 1.52% |
| 1968 | 2.77% | 1.74% |
| 1967 | 2.72% | 2.23% |
| 1966 | 2.67% | 2.52% |
| 1965 | 2.63% | 2.46% |
| 1964 | 2.62% | 2.6% |
| 1963 | 2.62% | 2.56% |
| 1962 | 2.63% | 2.81% |
| 1961 | 2.64% | 3.4% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/singapore | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Madagascar grew by 2.43%, while Singapore's population grew by 1.23%.
Live population counters
|
Madagascar
|
Singapore
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
33936132
|
6167445
|
| Population rank | 49/197 | 113/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.41% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
40.8 seconds
|
7.09 minutes
|
| One birth every |
31.1 seconds
|
11.8 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.2 minutes
|
14.5 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,125 | +204 |
| Annual growth/decline | +775,722 | +74,315 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.43% | +1.23% |
| Population growth rate rank | 28/197 | 83/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.94 hours
|
31.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -2,227 | +16,892 |
| Net migration rank | 100/196 | 36/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 38,625 | 2,841,665 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 158/195 | 26/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.1% | 48.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 193/195 | 9/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Madagascar
|
Singapore
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -2,227 | - | 16,892 |
| 2024 | 774,926 | -1,795 | 8,451 | 20,011 |
| 2023 | 766,391 | -1,487 | 7,101 | 26,996 |
| 2022 | 753,931 | -1,487 | 9,019 | 214,842 |
| 2021 | 741,416 | -1,480 | 15,270 | -44,030 |
| 2020 | 736,607 | -1,480 | 18,763 | -145,556 |
| 2019 | 735,853 | -2,976 | 21,674 | 870 |
| 2018 | 719,267 | -2,887 | 21,427 | 21,820 |
| 2017 | 699,498 | -2,784 | 21,888 | -8,880 |
| 2016 | 682,801 | -2,687 | 25,794 | 13,737 |
| 2015 | 668,977 | -2,594 | 27,121 | 41,852 |
| 2014 | 660,837 | -2,522 | 27,896 | 40,154 |
| 2013 | 654,230 | -2,445 | 25,376 | 52,176 |
| 2012 | 644,255 | -2,334 | 29,750 | 78,501 |
| 2011 | 640,577 | -2,219 | 25,919 | 89,856 |
| 2010 | 641,543 | -1,979 | 24,876 | 72,571 |
| 2009 | 634,008 | -1,429 | 27,930 | 95,841 |
| 2008 | 615,580 | -1,255 | 28,068 | 176,182 |
| 2007 | 597,772 | -1,563 | 26,614 | 192,292 |
| 2006 | 581,489 | -2,336 | 25,968 | 135,625 |
| 2005 | 568,143 | -4,869 | 24,741 | 92,023 |
| 2004 | 556,319 | -13,393 | 24,583 | 50,487 |
| 2003 | 544,903 | -18,345 | 24,689 | -30,012 |
| 2002 | 535,518 | -18,209 | 29,231 | -40,023 |
| 2001 | 529,656 | -13,014 | 31,035 | 45,027 |
| 2000 | 520,860 | -4,298 | 37,057 | 55,218 |
| 1999 | 516,976 | -1,891 | 32,857 | 19,681 |
| 1998 | 508,408 | -1,222 | 33,381 | 51,905 |
| 1997 | 490,905 | -986 | 37,960 | 95,241 |
| 1996 | 471,453 | -1,161 | 38,542 | 102,018 |
| 1995 | 450,259 | -1,670 | 38,065 | 91,947 |
| 1994 | 428,169 | -1,905 | 39,319 | 71,170 |
| 1993 | 408,801 | -2,063 | 40,425 | 58,820 |
| 1992 | 388,430 | -2,216 | 39,091 | 54,359 |
| 1991 | 375,040 | -2,330 | 39,188 | 57,821 |
| 1990 | 360,621 | -1,777 | 41,136 | 66,950 |
| 1989 | 344,279 | -1,848 | 36,929 | 68,031 |
| 1988 | 330,510 | -1,883 | 42,407 | 40,976 |
| 1987 | 317,621 | -1,896 | 33,020 | 25,411 |
| 1986 | 307,074 | -1,914 | 27,880 | -7,858 |
| 1985 | 304,199 | -1,947 | 32,010 | -31,036 |
| 1984 | 296,892 | -1,965 | 31,967 | -4,396 |
| 1983 | 290,085 | -1,979 | 30,296 | 11,699 |
| 1982 | 284,733 | -2,093 | 33,346 | 41,568 |
| 1981 | 277,535 | -2,864 | 32,167 | 85,869 |
| 1980 | 275,287 | -4,005 | 30,657 | 42,433 |
| 1979 | 270,752 | -5,126 | 28,363 | -2,384 |
| 1978 | 263,684 | -5,874 | 27,537 | 436 |
| 1977 | 255,399 | -5,957 | 26,508 | 2,757 |
| 1976 | 247,026 | -5,655 | 31,189 | 949 |
| 1975 | 238,774 | -5,173 | 28,509 | 4,104 |
| 1974 | 230,233 | -4,607 | 31,664 | 2,748 |
| 1973 | 221,768 | -4,037 | 36,404 | -495 |
| 1972 | 213,138 | -3,583 | 38,098 | -1,631 |
| 1971 | 204,617 | -3,118 | 35,708 | 573 |
| 1970 | 194,889 | -2,658 | 35,059 | 4,024 |
| 1969 | 184,562 | -2,216 | 34,314 | 6,763 |
| 1968 | 175,869 | -1,766 | 36,216 | 6,792 |
| 1967 | 167,287 | -1,383 | 40,145 | 6,006 |
| 1966 | 159,483 | -964 | 44,298 | 3,507 |
| 1965 | 152,362 | -550 | 45,474 | 4,199 |
| 1964 | 146,894 | -204 | 47,697 | 3,043 |
| 1963 | 142,666 | 0 | 49,542 | 2,668 |
| 1962 | 139,412 | 0 | 48,830 | 3,714 |
| 1961 | 136,578 | 0 | 49,880 | 3,490 |
| 1960 | 133,684 | 0 | 51,533 | 2,008 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/singapore | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.7% of the population change in Madagascar is from natural causes (a gain of 7,279,667 people) and 0.3% is from migration (a loss of 21,657 people). In Singapore 55.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 176,508 people) and 44.5% is from migration (a gain of 141,662 people).
As of 2024, 38,625 residents or 0.1% of the population were not native-born in Madagascar, compared to 2,841,665 people or 48.7% in Singapore.
Biggest cities by population
|
Madagascar
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Antananarivo | 1.28M |
| Antsirabe | 265K |
| Toamasina | 225K |
| Toliara | 169K |
|
Singapore
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Singapore | 5.87M |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Madagascar and Singapore
|
Madagascar
|
Singapore
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 64.3 years | 84.1 years |
| Average age | 24.3 years | 39.7 years |
| Median age | 20.2 years | 37.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.2:49.8 | 51.7:48.3 |
| Fertility rate | 3.91 births per woman | 0.97 births per woman |
| Population density | 149.3 ppl/mi² | 22,183 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/madagascar/singapore | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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