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Population in Estonia compared to Japan: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank team

The latest officially reported population of Estonia was 1,372,341 in 2024 vs 123,975,371 people in Japan in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Estonia's population is 1,339,590 people compared to 122,677,250 in Japan.

Population statistics:

  • Japan's population is 91.6 times bigger than Estonia's.
  • Estonia is ranked the 155th most populous country in the world, while Japan is the 12th.
  • The countries together account for 1.5% of the world: 0.02% for Estonia vs 1.48% for Japan.
  • For the last 10 years, Estonia has had an average growth rate of +0.37% per year vs -0.25% in Japan.
  • Since 2006, the population of Estonia has decreased from 1.35M people to 1.34M (0.54% decline), while Japan has declined from 128M to 123M (4.05% decline).

Estonia vs Japan: population by year and forecast

Estonia
Factual

Projection
Japan
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
Estonia Japan
2100 831,394 76,978,998
2099 836,965 77,363,458
2098 842,414 77,742,445
2097 847,873 78,118,375
2096 853,472 78,498,614
2095 859,044 78,875,245
2094 864,547 79,250,325
2093 870,136 79,628,057
2092 875,676 80,007,967
2091 881,282 80,383,529
2090 887,028 80,760,724
2089 892,857 81,140,553
2088 898,736 81,521,696
2087 904,914 81,908,373
2086 911,254 82,304,497
2085 917,722 82,709,534
2084 924,458 83,123,058
2083 931,259 83,544,006
2082 938,110 83,980,325
2081 944,978 84,429,305
2080 952,018 84,899,768
2079 959,194 85,387,247
2078 966,496 85,897,934
2077 973,883 86,434,291
2076 981,283 86,993,007
2075 988,735 87,577,777
2074 996,352 88,190,392
2073 1,004,078 88,834,763
2072 1,011,873 89,499,356
2071 1,019,779 90,184,464
2070 1,027,821 90,899,136
2069 1,035,828 91,625,421
2068 1,043,819 92,367,969
2067 1,051,892 93,113,499
2066 1,059,940 93,869,240
2065 1,068,064 94,633,430
2064 1,076,199 95,391,433
2063 1,084,303 96,148,081
2062 1,092,418 96,902,907
2061 1,100,514 97,654,031
2060 1,108,650 98,400,894
2059 1,116,534 99,144,216
2058 1,124,375 99,868,968
2057 1,132,033 100,585,601
2056 1,139,610 101,295,868
2055 1,147,117 101,989,736
2054 1,154,317 102,683,462
2053 1,161,452 103,359,083
2052 1,168,381 104,036,901
2051 1,175,291 104,706,698
2050 1,182,029 105,377,283
2049 1,188,633 106,053,011
2048 1,194,960 106,731,207
2047 1,201,294 107,419,237
2046 1,207,577 108,115,358
2045 1,213,815 108,820,982
2044 1,220,042 109,529,333
2043 1,226,162 110,245,586
2042 1,232,282 110,968,174
2041 1,238,386 111,704,629
2040 1,244,441 112,438,759
2039 1,250,581 113,175,948
2038 1,256,780 113,915,783
2037 1,263,149 114,662,374
2036 1,269,700 115,410,956
2035 1,276,331 116,162,381
2034 1,283,159 116,911,001
2033 1,290,037 117,652,676
2032 1,297,036 118,393,188
2031 1,304,102 119,127,425
2030 1,311,189 119,856,131
2029 1,318,225 120,574,242
2028 1,325,354 121,287,543
2027 1,332,492 121,989,133
2026 1,339,590 122,677,250
2025 1,358,931 123,339,586
2024 1,372,341 123,975,371
2023 1,370,286 124,516,650
2022 1,348,840 125,124,989
2021 1,330,932 125,681,593
2020 1,329,522 126,261,000
2019 1,326,898 126,633,000
2018 1,321,977 126,811,000
2017 1,317,384 126,972,000
2016 1,315,790 127,076,000
2015 1,315,407 127,141,000
2014 1,314,545 127,276,000
2013 1,317,997 127,445,000
2012 1,322,696 127,629,000
2011 1,327,439 127,833,000
2010 1,331,475 128,070,000
2009 1,334,515 128,047,000
2008 1,337,090 128,063,000
2007 1,340,680 128,001,000
2006 1,346,810 127,854,000
2005 1,354,775 127,773,000
2004 1,362,550 127,761,000
2003 1,370,720 127,718,000
2002 1,379,350 127,445,000
2001 1,388,115 127,149,000
2000 1,396,985 126,843,000
1999 1,390,244 126,631,000
1998 1,386,156 126,400,000
1997 1,399,535 126,057,000
1996 1,415,594 125,757,000
1995 1,436,634 125,472,000
1994 1,462,514 125,178,000
1993 1,494,128 124,829,000
1992 1,533,091 124,425,000
1991 1,561,314 123,964,000
1990 1,569,174 123,478,000
1989 1,568,131 123,069,000
1988 1,561,900 122,578,000
1987 1,552,221 122,069,000
1986 1,540,190 121,482,000
1985 1,528,781 120,837,000
1984 1,518,617 120,083,000
1983 1,508,745 119,307,000
1982 1,498,414 118,480,000
1981 1,487,666 117,661,000
1980 1,477,219 116,807,000
1979 1,468,333 115,890,000
1978 1,460,188 114,913,000
1977 1,450,211 113,872,000
1976 1,439,576 112,775,000
1975 1,429,352 111,573,000
1974 1,418,169 110,162,000
1973 1,405,951 108,707,000
1972 1,392,518 107,188,000
1971 1,376,955 105,697,000
1970 1,360,076 103,403,000
1969 1,345,249 102,219,000
1968 1,331,214 101,011,000
1967 1,318,946 99,879,000
1966 1,308,597 98,851,000
1965 1,294,566 97,952,000
1964 1,277,086 96,903,000
1963 1,258,857 95,900,000
1962 1,241,623 94,933,000
1961 1,225,077 94,055,000
1960 1,211,537 93,216,000

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of Estonia decreased by 31,020 people (a 2.3% decline), while Japan lost 778,000 people (a 0.61% decline).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Estonia gained 23,800 people (a 1.81% growth), while Japan's population decreased by 4,398,750 people (a 3.46% decline).

Estonia was ranked 149th most populous country in 2006 and is 155th in 2026. Japan was ranked 10th in 2006 and ranked 12th now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Estonia's population will shrink by 11.8% to 1,182,029 people with a rank change from 155th to 159th. The population of Japan will decrease by 14.1% to 105,377,283 people and rank change from 12th to 17th.

Both countries are in a period of decline and in 50 years are projected to lose 26.7% of the population in Estonia and 29.1% in Japan.

Population growth rate by year

Estonia
Factual

Projection
Japan
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
Estonia Japan
2100 -0.67% -0.5%
2099 -0.65% -0.49%
2098 -0.64% -0.48%
2097 -0.66% -0.48%
2096 -0.65% -0.48%
2095 -0.64% -0.47%
2094 -0.64% -0.47%
2093 -0.63% -0.47%
2092 -0.64% -0.47%
2091 -0.65% -0.47%
2090 -0.65% -0.47%
2089 -0.65% -0.47%
2088 -0.68% -0.47%
2087 -0.7% -0.48%
2086 -0.7% -0.49%
2085 -0.73% -0.5%
2084 -0.73% -0.5%
2083 -0.73% -0.52%
2082 -0.73% -0.53%
2081 -0.74% -0.55%
2080 -0.75% -0.57%
2079 -0.76% -0.59%
2078 -0.76% -0.62%
2077 -0.75% -0.64%
2076 -0.75% -0.67%
2075 -0.76% -0.69%
2074 -0.77% -0.73%
2073 -0.77% -0.74%
2072 -0.78% -0.76%
2071 -0.78% -0.79%
2070 -0.77% -0.79%
2069 -0.77% -0.8%
2068 -0.77% -0.8%
2067 -0.76% -0.81%
2066 -0.76% -0.81%
2065 -0.76% -0.79%
2064 -0.75% -0.79%
2063 -0.74% -0.78%
2062 -0.74% -0.77%
2061 -0.73% -0.76%
2060 -0.71% -0.75%
2059 -0.7% -0.73%
2058 -0.68% -0.71%
2057 -0.66% -0.7%
2056 -0.65% -0.68%
2055 -0.62% -0.68%
2054 -0.61% -0.65%
2053 -0.59% -0.65%
2052 -0.59% -0.64%
2051 -0.57% -0.64%
2050 -0.56% -0.64%
2049 -0.53% -0.64%
2048 -0.53% -0.64%
2047 -0.52% -0.64%
2046 -0.51% -0.65%
2045 -0.51% -0.65%
2044 -0.5% -0.65%
2043 -0.5% -0.65%
2042 -0.49% -0.66%
2041 -0.49% -0.65%
2040 -0.49% -0.65%
2039 -0.49% -0.65%
2038 -0.5% -0.65%
2037 -0.52% -0.65%
2036 -0.52% -0.65%
2035 -0.53% -0.64%
2034 -0.53% -0.63%
2033 -0.54% -0.63%
2032 -0.54% -0.62%
2031 -0.54% -0.61%
2030 -0.53% -0.6%
2029 -0.54% -0.59%
2028 -0.54% -0.58%
2027 -0.53% -0.56%
2026 -1.42% -0.54%
2025 -0.98% -0.51%
2024 0.15% -0.43%
2023 1.59% -0.49%
2022 1.35% -0.44%
2021 0.11% -0.46%
2020 0.2% -0.29%
2019 0.37% -0.14%
2018 0.35% -0.13%
2017 0.12% -0.08%
2016 0.03% -0.05%
2015 0.07% -0.11%
2014 -0.26% -0.13%
2013 -0.36% -0.14%
2012 -0.36% -0.16%
2011 -0.3% -0.19%
2010 -0.23% 0.02%
2009 -0.19% -0.01%
2008 -0.27% 0.05%
2007 -0.46% 0.11%
2006 -0.59% 0.06%
2005 -0.57% 0.009%
2004 -0.6% 0.03%
2003 -0.63% 0.21%
2002 -0.63% 0.23%
2001 -0.63% 0.24%
2000 0.48% 0.17%
1999 0.29% 0.18%
1998 -0.96% 0.27%
1997 -1.13% 0.24%
1996 -1.46% 0.23%
1995 -1.77% 0.23%
1994 -2.12% 0.28%
1993 -2.54% 0.32%
1992 -1.81% 0.37%
1991 -0.5% 0.39%
1990 0.07% 0.33%
1989 0.4% 0.4%
1988 0.62% 0.42%
1987 0.78% 0.48%
1986 0.75% 0.53%
1985 0.67% 0.63%
1984 0.65% 0.65%
1983 0.69% 0.7%
1982 0.72% 0.7%
1981 0.71% 0.73%
1980 0.61% 0.79%
1979 0.56% 0.85%
1978 0.69% 0.91%
1977 0.74% 0.97%
1976 0.72% 1.08%
1975 0.79% 1.28%
1974 0.87% 1.34%
1973 0.96% 1.42%
1972 1.13% 1.41%
1971 1.24% 2.22%
1970 1.1% 1.16%
1969 1.05% 1.2%
1968 0.93% 1.13%
1967 0.79% 1.04%
1966 1.08% 0.92%
1965 1.37% 1.08%
1964 1.45% 1.05%
1963 1.39% 1.02%
1962 1.35% 0.93%
1961 1.12% 0.9%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

In 2024, the population of Estonia grew by 0.15%, while Japan's population declined by 0.43%.

Live population counters

Estonia Japan
Current population
1339590
122677250
Population rank 155/197 12/197
Percent of world population 0.02% 1.48%
One net population change
4.26 hours
58.3 seconds
One birth every
47.9 minutes
42.2 seconds
One death every
32.8 minutes
19.5 seconds
Daily growth/decline +6 -1,483
Annual growth/decline +2,055 -541,279
Annual growth/decline rate +0.15% -0.43%
Population growth rate rank 158/197 185/197
One migration net change every
39.5 minutes
3.75 minutes
Annual migration change -13,350 +140,579
Net migration rank 141/196 10/196
Foreign-born residents 203,046 3,409,529
Foreign-born residents rank 110/195 19/195
Foreign-born share of population 14.9% 2.8%
Foreign-born share rank 43/195 120/195

Natural population change vs migration

Estonia
Natural

Migration
Japan
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
Estonia Japan
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - -13,350 - 140,579
2024 - -7,742 - 153,357
2023 -5,070 5,717 -871,617 175,003
2022 -5,665 39,754 -825,825 175,003
2021 -5,324 7,043 -640,976 -34,996
2020 -2,659 3,694 -542,923 42,001
2019 -1,327 5,386 -531,858 318,190
2018 -1,322 7,089 -456,520 320,601
2017 -1,713 5,202 -406,310 322,564
2016 -1,316 1,081 -343,106 314,732
2015 -1,315 4,261 -292,424 168,896
2014 -1,972 -674 -267,279 58,109
2013 -1,713 -2,688 -242,146 66,449
2012 -1,455 -3,674 -229,733 67,904
2011 -531 -3,941 -204,533 97,720
2010 0 -3,781 -128,070 131,860
2009 -400 -2,089 -76,828 125,450
2008 -668 -2,034 -51,225 142,605
2007 -1,608 -2,941 -25,600 138,024
2006 -2,559 -5,351 12,785 130,065
2005 -2,981 -5,208 -25,554 113,017
2004 -3,679 -3,681 76,656 69,014
2003 -5,072 -3,705 114,946 74,875
2002 -5,380 -2,889 178,423 60,864
2001 -5,830 -3,280 203,438 59,563
2000 -5,309 -3,083 228,317 23,468
1999 -6,117 1,419 202,610 56,901
1998 -7,208 -3,296 265,440 45,912
1997 -6,018 -4,066 277,325 43,366
1996 -5,662 -10,540 314,392 25,030
1995 -7,327 -12,655 276,039 87,714
1994 -8,044 -17,984 363,017 154,214
1993 -5,976 -25,501 312,073 168,836
1992 -1,993 -38,391 360,833 170,878
1991 -312 -9,712 396,685 161,331
1990 2,825 -2,660 407,478 124,582
1989 5,803 -368 467,662 31,202
1988 6,404 5,256 527,085 51,154
1987 6,829 5,389 598,138 28,001
1986 6,160 5,260 631,706 27,987
1985 4,281 5,097 676,687 -141,323
1984 5,163 5,006 756,523 -273,686
1983 5,884 4,986 775,495 -269,755
1982 5,244 4,832 805,664 -288,550
1981 4,612 4,789 811,861 -278,525
1980 3,989 4,619 864,372 -92,314
1979 3,818 4,521 950,298 -57,692
1978 4,088 7,234 1,011,234 -47,996
1977 4,931 7,189 1,070,397 -49,082
1976 4,319 6,942 1,127,750 -34,976
1975 4,717 6,737 1,204,989 107
1974 5,956 6,594 1,332,960 -10,145
1973 5,623 6,488 1,391,449 -34,674
1972 6,267 6,432 1,372,006 -73,980
1971 7,160 6,392 1,331,782 -107,778
1970 6,257 6,158 1,230,496 33,731
1969 5,515 8,650 1,195,962 49,447
1968 5,592 9,403 1,191,930 43,593
1967 5,012 9,115 1,258,475 29,632
1966 4,842 8,998 682,072 68,934
1965 5,437 8,851 1,126,448 -50,667
1964 6,897 8,734 1,046,553 -100,696
1963 6,043 8,410 987,770 -100,742
1962 6,457 8,248 901,864 -57,075
1961 7,228 7,991 893,522 -58,882
1960 7,511 7,762 894,874 -150,371

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 26.1% of the population change in Estonia is from natural causes (a loss of 27,683 people) and 73.9% is from migration (a gain of 78,553 people). In Japan 73.6% is from natural causes (a loss of 5,178,838 people) and 26.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,860,103 people).

As of 2024, 203,046 residents or 14.9% of the population were not native-born in Estonia, compared to 3,409,529 people or 2.8% in Japan.

Biggest cities by population

Estonia
City Population
Tallinn 458K
Tartu 97.8K
Narva 53.4K
Parnu 41.5K
Kohtla-Jarve 33.4K
Viljandi 17.3K
Maardu 17K
Rakvere 15.7K
Kuressaare 13.2K
Sillamae 12.4K
Japan
City Population
Tokyo 14.3M
Yokohama 3.76M
Osaka 2.75M
Nagoya 2.33M
Sapporo 1.96M
Fukuoka 1.6M
Kawasaki 1.54M
Kobe 1.52M
Kyoto 1.46M
Saitama 1.33M

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  4. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
  5. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)

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