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Population in Estonia compared to Japan: Trends, Charts, Rankings

Updated on by Georank

The latest officially reported population of Estonia was 1,366,475 in 2025 vs 123,366,734 people in Japan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Estonia's population is 1,347,027 people compared to 122,704,252 in Japan.

Population statistics:

  • Japan's population is 91.1 times bigger than Estonia's.
  • Estonia is ranked the 155th most populous country in the world, while Japan is the 12th.
  • The countries together account for 1.49% of the world: 0.02% for Estonia vs 1.48% for Japan.
  • For the last 10 years, Estonia has had an average growth rate of +0.35% per year vs -0.28% in Japan.
  • Since 2006, the population of Estonia has increased from 1.35M people to 1.35M (0.02% growth), while Japan has declined from 128M to 123M (4.03% decline).

Estonia vs Japan: population by year and forecast

Estonia
Factual

Projection
Japan
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Population
Estonia Japan
2100 836,010 76,995,942
2099 841,611 77,380,486
2098 847,091 77,759,557
2097 852,580 78,135,569
2096 858,210 78,515,892
2095 863,813 78,892,606
2094 869,346 79,267,768
2093 874,966 79,645,584
2092 880,538 80,025,578
2091 886,175 80,401,222
2090 891,952 80,778,500
2089 897,814 81,158,413
2088 903,726 81,539,639
2087 909,938 81,926,401
2086 916,313 82,322,612
2085 922,817 82,727,738
2084 929,590 83,141,354
2083 936,429 83,562,394
2082 943,318 83,998,809
2081 950,224 84,447,888
2080 957,303 84,918,455
2079 964,518 85,406,042
2078 971,861 85,916,840
2077 979,290 86,453,316
2076 986,730 87,012,155
2075 994,224 87,597,053
2074 1,001,883 88,209,803
2073 1,009,652 88,854,316
2072 1,017,490 89,519,055
2071 1,025,441 90,204,314
2070 1,033,527 90,919,143
2069 1,041,579 91,645,589
2068 1,049,614 92,388,299
2067 1,057,732 93,133,993
2066 1,065,824 93,889,902
2065 1,073,994 94,654,259
2064 1,082,173 95,412,429
2063 1,090,322 96,169,244
2062 1,098,483 96,924,236
2061 1,106,624 97,675,525
2060 1,114,804 98,422,553
2059 1,122,732 99,166,038
2058 1,130,617 99,890,950
2057 1,138,317 100,607,740
2056 1,145,937 101,318,164
2055 1,153,485 102,012,184
2054 1,160,725 102,706,063
2053 1,167,900 103,381,833
2052 1,174,867 104,059,800
2051 1,181,816 104,729,745
2050 1,188,591 105,400,477
2049 1,195,231 106,076,354
2048 1,201,594 106,754,699
2047 1,207,963 107,442,881
2046 1,214,281 108,139,155
2045 1,220,553 108,844,934
2044 1,226,815 109,553,441
2043 1,232,969 110,269,851
2042 1,239,123 110,992,599
2041 1,245,261 111,729,216
2040 1,251,349 112,463,507
2039 1,257,523 113,200,859
2038 1,263,757 113,940,856
2037 1,270,161 114,687,611
2036 1,276,749 115,436,359
2035 1,283,416 116,187,949
2034 1,290,282 116,936,734
2033 1,297,198 117,678,572
2032 1,304,236 118,419,247
2031 1,311,342 119,153,646
2030 1,318,468 119,882,512
2029 1,325,543 120,600,781
2028 1,332,712 121,314,239
2027 1,339,889 122,015,984
2026 1,347,027 122,704,252
2025 1,366,475 123,366,734
2024 1,372,341 123,975,371
2023 1,370,286 124,516,650
2022 1,348,840 125,124,989
2021 1,330,932 125,681,593
2020 1,329,522 126,261,000
2019 1,326,898 126,633,000
2018 1,321,977 126,811,000
2017 1,317,384 126,972,000
2016 1,315,790 127,076,000
2015 1,315,407 127,141,000
2014 1,314,545 127,276,000
2013 1,317,997 127,445,000
2012 1,322,696 127,629,000
2011 1,327,439 127,833,000
2010 1,331,475 128,070,000
2009 1,334,515 128,047,000
2008 1,337,090 128,063,000
2007 1,340,680 128,001,000
2006 1,346,810 127,854,000
2005 1,354,775 127,773,000
2004 1,362,550 127,761,000
2003 1,370,720 127,718,000
2002 1,379,350 127,445,000
2001 1,388,115 127,149,000
2000 1,396,985 126,843,000
1999 1,390,244 126,631,000
1998 1,386,156 126,400,000
1997 1,399,535 126,057,000
1996 1,415,594 125,757,000
1995 1,436,634 125,472,000
1994 1,462,514 125,178,000
1993 1,494,128 124,829,000
1992 1,533,091 124,425,000
1991 1,561,314 123,964,000
1990 1,569,174 123,478,000
1989 1,568,131 123,069,000
1988 1,561,900 122,578,000
1987 1,552,221 122,069,000
1986 1,540,190 121,482,000
1985 1,528,781 120,837,000
1984 1,518,617 120,083,000
1983 1,508,745 119,307,000
1982 1,498,414 118,480,000
1981 1,487,666 117,661,000
1980 1,477,219 116,807,000
1979 1,468,333 115,890,000
1978 1,460,188 114,913,000
1977 1,450,211 113,872,000
1976 1,439,576 112,775,000
1975 1,429,352 111,573,000
1974 1,418,169 110,162,000
1973 1,405,951 108,707,000
1972 1,392,518 107,188,000
1971 1,376,955 105,697,000
1970 1,360,076 103,403,000
1969 1,345,249 102,219,000
1968 1,331,214 101,011,000
1967 1,318,946 99,879,000
1966 1,308,597 98,851,000
1965 1,294,566 97,952,000
1964 1,277,086 96,903,000
1963 1,258,857 95,900,000
1962 1,241,623 94,933,000
1961 1,225,077 94,055,000
1960 1,211,537 93,216,000

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

From 2006 to 2016, the population of Estonia decreased by 31,020 people (a 2.3% decline), while Japan lost 778,000 people (a 0.61% decline).

For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Estonia gained 31,237 people (a 2.37% growth), while Japan's population decreased by 4,371,748 people (a 3.44% decline).

Estonia was ranked 149th most populous country in 2006 and is 155th in 2026. Japan was ranked 10th in 2006 and ranked 12th now.

The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Estonia's population will shrink by 11.8% to 1,188,591 people with a rank change from 155th to 159th. The population of Japan will decrease by 14.1% to 105,400,477 people and rank change from 12th to 17th.

Both countries are in a period of decline and in 50 years are projected to lose 26.7% of the population in Estonia and 29.1% in Japan.

Population growth rate by year

Estonia
Factual

Projection
Japan
Factual

Projection
1x
Year Growth rate
Estonia Japan
2100 -0.67% -0.5%
2099 -0.65% -0.49%
2098 -0.64% -0.48%
2097 -0.66% -0.48%
2096 -0.65% -0.48%
2095 -0.64% -0.47%
2094 -0.64% -0.47%
2093 -0.63% -0.47%
2092 -0.64% -0.47%
2091 -0.65% -0.47%
2090 -0.65% -0.47%
2089 -0.65% -0.47%
2088 -0.68% -0.47%
2087 -0.7% -0.48%
2086 -0.7% -0.49%
2085 -0.73% -0.5%
2084 -0.73% -0.5%
2083 -0.73% -0.52%
2082 -0.73% -0.53%
2081 -0.74% -0.55%
2080 -0.75% -0.57%
2079 -0.76% -0.59%
2078 -0.76% -0.62%
2077 -0.75% -0.64%
2076 -0.75% -0.67%
2075 -0.76% -0.69%
2074 -0.77% -0.73%
2073 -0.77% -0.74%
2072 -0.78% -0.76%
2071 -0.78% -0.79%
2070 -0.77% -0.79%
2069 -0.77% -0.8%
2068 -0.77% -0.8%
2067 -0.76% -0.81%
2066 -0.76% -0.81%
2065 -0.76% -0.79%
2064 -0.75% -0.79%
2063 -0.74% -0.78%
2062 -0.74% -0.77%
2061 -0.73% -0.76%
2060 -0.71% -0.75%
2059 -0.7% -0.73%
2058 -0.68% -0.71%
2057 -0.66% -0.7%
2056 -0.65% -0.68%
2055 -0.62% -0.68%
2054 -0.61% -0.65%
2053 -0.59% -0.65%
2052 -0.59% -0.64%
2051 -0.57% -0.64%
2050 -0.56% -0.64%
2049 -0.53% -0.64%
2048 -0.53% -0.64%
2047 -0.52% -0.64%
2046 -0.51% -0.65%
2045 -0.51% -0.65%
2044 -0.5% -0.65%
2043 -0.5% -0.65%
2042 -0.49% -0.66%
2041 -0.49% -0.65%
2040 -0.49% -0.65%
2039 -0.49% -0.65%
2038 -0.5% -0.65%
2037 -0.52% -0.65%
2036 -0.52% -0.65%
2035 -0.53% -0.64%
2034 -0.53% -0.63%
2033 -0.54% -0.63%
2032 -0.54% -0.62%
2031 -0.54% -0.61%
2030 -0.53% -0.6%
2029 -0.54% -0.59%
2028 -0.54% -0.58%
2027 -0.53% -0.56%
2026 -1.42% -0.54%
2025 -0.43% -0.49%
2024 0.15% -0.43%
2023 1.59% -0.49%
2022 1.35% -0.44%
2021 0.11% -0.46%
2020 0.2% -0.29%
2019 0.37% -0.14%
2018 0.35% -0.13%
2017 0.12% -0.08%
2016 0.03% -0.05%
2015 0.07% -0.11%
2014 -0.26% -0.13%
2013 -0.36% -0.14%
2012 -0.36% -0.16%
2011 -0.3% -0.19%
2010 -0.23% 0.02%
2009 -0.19% -0.01%
2008 -0.27% 0.05%
2007 -0.46% 0.11%
2006 -0.59% 0.06%
2005 -0.57% 0.009%
2004 -0.6% 0.03%
2003 -0.63% 0.21%
2002 -0.63% 0.23%
2001 -0.63% 0.24%
2000 0.48% 0.17%
1999 0.29% 0.18%
1998 -0.96% 0.27%
1997 -1.13% 0.24%
1996 -1.46% 0.23%
1995 -1.77% 0.23%
1994 -2.12% 0.28%
1993 -2.54% 0.32%
1992 -1.81% 0.37%
1991 -0.5% 0.39%
1990 0.07% 0.33%
1989 0.4% 0.4%
1988 0.62% 0.42%
1987 0.78% 0.48%
1986 0.75% 0.53%
1985 0.67% 0.63%
1984 0.65% 0.65%
1983 0.69% 0.7%
1982 0.72% 0.7%
1981 0.71% 0.73%
1980 0.61% 0.79%
1979 0.56% 0.85%
1978 0.69% 0.91%
1977 0.74% 0.97%
1976 0.72% 1.08%
1975 0.79% 1.28%
1974 0.87% 1.34%
1973 0.96% 1.42%
1972 1.13% 1.41%
1971 1.24% 2.22%
1970 1.1% 1.16%
1969 1.05% 1.2%
1968 0.93% 1.13%
1967 0.79% 1.04%
1966 1.08% 0.92%
1965 1.37% 1.08%
1964 1.45% 1.05%
1963 1.39% 1.02%
1962 1.35% 0.93%
1961 1.12% 0.9%

Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

In 2025, the population of Estonia declined by 0.43%, while Japan's population declined by 0.49%.

Live population counters

Estonia Japan
Current population
1347027
122704252
Population rank 155/197 12/197
Percent of world population 0.02% 1.48%
One net population change
1.5 hours
52 seconds
One birth every
53.9 minutes
44.6 seconds
One death every
33.3 minutes
19.1 seconds
Daily growth/decline -16 -1,667
Annual growth/decline -5,866 -608,637
Annual growth/decline rate -0.43% -0.49%
Population growth rate rank 182/197 183/197
One migration net change every
39.5 minutes
3.75 minutes
Annual migration change -13,350 +140,579
Net migration rank 141/196 10/196
Foreign-born residents 203,046 3,409,529
Foreign-born residents rank 110/195 19/195
Foreign-born share of population 14.9% 2.8%
Foreign-born share rank 43/195 120/195

Natural population change vs migration

Estonia
Natural

Migration
Japan
Natural

Migration
1x
Year Population change
Estonia Japan
Natural Migration Natural Migration
2025 - -13,350 - 140,579
2024 -6,038 -7,742 -942,213 153,357
2023 -5,070 5,717 -871,617 175,003
2022 -5,665 39,754 -825,825 175,003
2021 -5,324 7,043 -640,976 -34,996
2020 -2,659 3,694 -542,923 42,001
2019 -1,327 5,386 -531,858 318,190
2018 -1,322 7,089 -456,520 320,601
2017 -1,713 5,202 -406,310 322,564
2016 -1,316 1,081 -343,106 314,732
2015 -1,315 4,261 -292,424 168,896
2014 -1,972 -674 -267,279 58,109
2013 -1,713 -2,688 -242,146 66,449
2012 -1,455 -3,674 -229,733 67,904
2011 -531 -3,941 -204,533 97,720
2010 0 -3,781 -128,070 131,860
2009 -400 -2,089 -76,828 125,450
2008 -668 -2,034 -51,225 142,605
2007 -1,608 -2,941 -25,600 138,024
2006 -2,559 -5,351 12,785 130,065
2005 -2,981 -5,208 -25,554 113,017
2004 -3,679 -3,681 76,656 69,014
2003 -5,072 -3,705 114,946 74,875
2002 -5,380 -2,889 178,423 60,864
2001 -5,830 -3,280 203,438 59,563
2000 -5,309 -3,083 228,317 23,468
1999 -6,117 1,419 202,610 56,901
1998 -7,208 -3,296 265,440 45,912
1997 -6,018 -4,066 277,325 43,366
1996 -5,662 -10,540 314,392 25,030
1995 -7,327 -12,655 276,039 87,714
1994 -8,044 -17,984 363,017 154,214
1993 -5,976 -25,501 312,073 168,836
1992 -1,993 -38,391 360,833 170,878
1991 -312 -9,712 396,685 161,331
1990 2,825 -2,660 407,478 124,582
1989 5,803 -368 467,662 31,202
1988 6,404 5,256 527,085 51,154
1987 6,829 5,389 598,138 28,001
1986 6,160 5,260 631,706 27,987
1985 4,281 5,097 676,687 -141,323
1984 5,163 5,006 756,523 -273,686
1983 5,884 4,986 775,495 -269,755
1982 5,244 4,832 805,664 -288,550
1981 4,612 4,789 811,861 -278,525
1980 3,989 4,619 864,372 -92,314
1979 3,818 4,521 950,298 -57,692
1978 4,088 7,234 1,011,234 -47,996
1977 4,931 7,189 1,070,397 -49,082
1976 4,319 6,942 1,127,750 -34,976
1975 4,717 6,737 1,204,989 107
1974 5,956 6,594 1,332,960 -10,145
1973 5,623 6,488 1,391,449 -34,674
1972 6,267 6,432 1,372,006 -73,980
1971 7,160 6,392 1,331,782 -107,778
1970 6,257 6,158 1,230,496 33,731
1969 5,515 8,650 1,195,962 49,447
1968 5,592 9,403 1,191,930 43,593
1967 5,012 9,115 1,258,475 29,632
1966 4,842 8,998 682,072 68,934
1965 5,437 8,851 1,126,448 -50,667
1964 6,897 8,734 1,046,553 -100,696
1963 6,043 8,410 987,770 -100,742
1962 6,457 8,248 901,864 -57,075
1961 7,228 7,991 893,522 -58,882
1960 7,511 7,762 894,874 -150,371

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

Over the last 10 years, 30.8% of the population change in Estonia is from natural causes (a loss of 31,749 people) and 69.2% is from migration (a gain of 71,485 people). In Japan 75% is from natural causes (a loss of 5,853,772 people) and 25% is from migration (a gain of 1,955,351 people).

As of 2024, 203,046 residents or 14.9% of the population were not native-born in Estonia, compared to 3,409,529 people or 2.8% in Japan.

Biggest cities by population

Estonia
City Population
Tallinn 458K
Tartu 97.8K
Narva 53.4K
Parnu 41.5K
Kohtla-Jarve 33.4K
Viljandi 17.3K
Maardu 17K
Rakvere 15.7K
Kuressaare 13.2K
Sillamae 12.4K
Japan
City Population
Tokyo 14.3M
Yokohama 3.76M
Osaka 2.75M
Nagoya 2.33M
Sapporo 1.96M
Fukuoka 1.6M
Kawasaki 1.54M
Kobe 1.52M
Kyoto 1.46M
Saitama 1.33M

Compare countries by 7 more topics

Population map with other countries

1x

Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).

GeoRank.org/population/estonia/japan | CC BY

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Data sources:

  1. World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  2. United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  3. U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  4. Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
  5. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)

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