The latest officially reported population of Japan was 123,975,371 in 2024 vs 6,036,860 people in Singapore in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Japan's population is 122,677,250 people compared to 6,125,852 in Singapore.
Population statistics:
- Japan's population is 20 times bigger than Singapore's.
- Japan is ranked the 12th most populous country in the world, while Singapore is the 113th.
- The countries together account for 1.55% of the world: 1.48% for Japan vs 0.07% for Singapore.
- For the last 10 years, Japan has had an average growth rate of -0.25% per year vs +1.04% in Singapore.
- Since 2006, the population of Japan has decreased from 128M people to 123M (4.05% decline), while Singapore has grown from 4.4M to 6.13M (39.2% growth).
Japan vs Singapore: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Japan
|
Singapore
|
|
| 2100 | 76,978,998 | 4,344,248 |
| 2099 | 77,363,458 | 4,387,645 |
| 2098 | 77,742,445 | 4,435,189 |
| 2097 | 78,118,375 | 4,483,484 |
| 2096 | 78,498,614 | 4,533,994 |
| 2095 | 78,875,245 | 4,585,243 |
| 2094 | 79,250,325 | 4,639,568 |
| 2093 | 79,628,057 | 4,692,749 |
| 2092 | 80,007,967 | 4,745,364 |
| 2091 | 80,383,529 | 4,802,089 |
| 2090 | 80,760,724 | 4,859,572 |
| 2089 | 81,140,553 | 4,919,853 |
| 2088 | 81,521,696 | 4,977,701 |
| 2087 | 81,908,373 | 5,036,662 |
| 2086 | 82,304,497 | 5,096,772 |
| 2085 | 82,709,534 | 5,155,480 |
| 2084 | 83,123,058 | 5,212,381 |
| 2083 | 83,544,006 | 5,269,612 |
| 2082 | 83,980,325 | 5,327,281 |
| 2081 | 84,429,305 | 5,383,608 |
| 2080 | 84,899,768 | 5,438,023 |
| 2079 | 85,387,247 | 5,491,695 |
| 2078 | 85,897,934 | 5,541,781 |
| 2077 | 86,434,291 | 5,589,429 |
| 2076 | 86,993,007 | 5,632,686 |
| 2075 | 87,577,777 | 5,679,862 |
| 2074 | 88,190,392 | 5,725,351 |
| 2073 | 88,834,763 | 5,764,008 |
| 2072 | 89,499,356 | 5,799,655 |
| 2071 | 90,184,464 | 5,833,262 |
| 2070 | 90,899,136 | 5,864,115 |
| 2069 | 91,625,421 | 5,896,709 |
| 2068 | 92,367,969 | 5,927,631 |
| 2067 | 93,113,499 | 5,955,955 |
| 2066 | 93,869,240 | 5,988,826 |
| 2065 | 94,633,430 | 6,020,244 |
| 2064 | 95,391,433 | 6,046,805 |
| 2063 | 96,148,081 | 6,069,231 |
| 2062 | 96,902,907 | 6,093,782 |
| 2061 | 97,654,031 | 6,116,847 |
| 2060 | 98,400,894 | 6,142,295 |
| 2059 | 99,144,216 | 6,163,191 |
| 2058 | 99,868,968 | 6,185,611 |
| 2057 | 100,585,601 | 6,203,303 |
| 2056 | 101,295,868 | 6,221,491 |
| 2055 | 101,989,736 | 6,240,206 |
| 2054 | 102,683,462 | 6,261,488 |
| 2053 | 103,359,083 | 6,277,678 |
| 2052 | 104,036,901 | 6,290,046 |
| 2051 | 104,706,698 | 6,307,270 |
| 2050 | 105,377,283 | 6,325,698 |
| 2049 | 106,053,011 | 6,342,616 |
| 2048 | 106,731,207 | 6,355,818 |
| 2047 | 107,419,237 | 6,373,684 |
| 2046 | 108,115,358 | 6,387,901 |
| 2045 | 108,820,982 | 6,399,811 |
| 2044 | 109,529,333 | 6,412,802 |
| 2043 | 110,245,586 | 6,420,804 |
| 2042 | 110,968,174 | 6,427,555 |
| 2041 | 111,704,629 | 6,433,153 |
| 2040 | 112,438,759 | 6,434,727 |
| 2039 | 113,175,948 | 6,431,367 |
| 2038 | 113,915,783 | 6,422,540 |
| 2037 | 114,662,374 | 6,410,923 |
| 2036 | 115,410,956 | 6,398,937 |
| 2035 | 116,162,381 | 6,382,637 |
| 2034 | 116,911,001 | 6,360,610 |
| 2033 | 117,652,676 | 6,333,556 |
| 2032 | 118,393,188 | 6,306,749 |
| 2031 | 119,127,425 | 6,277,847 |
| 2030 | 119,856,131 | 6,250,608 |
| 2029 | 120,574,242 | 6,221,161 |
| 2028 | 121,287,543 | 6,186,754 |
| 2027 | 121,989,133 | 6,150,947 |
| 2026 | 122,677,250 | 6,116,548 |
| 2025 | 123,339,586 | 6,078,250 |
| 2024 | 123,975,371 | 6,036,860 |
| 2023 | 124,516,650 | 5,917,648 |
| 2022 | 125,124,989 | 5,637,022 |
| 2021 | 125,681,593 | 5,453,566 |
| 2020 | 126,261,000 | 5,685,807 |
| 2019 | 126,633,000 | 5,703,569 |
| 2018 | 126,811,000 | 5,638,676 |
| 2017 | 126,972,000 | 5,612,253 |
| 2016 | 127,076,000 | 5,607,283 |
| 2015 | 127,141,000 | 5,535,002 |
| 2014 | 127,276,000 | 5,469,724 |
| 2013 | 127,445,000 | 5,399,162 |
| 2012 | 127,629,000 | 5,312,437 |
| 2011 | 127,833,000 | 5,183,688 |
| 2010 | 128,070,000 | 5,076,732 |
| 2009 | 128,047,000 | 4,987,573 |
| 2008 | 128,063,000 | 4,839,396 |
| 2007 | 128,001,000 | 4,588,599 |
| 2006 | 127,854,000 | 4,401,365 |
| 2005 | 127,773,000 | 4,265,762 |
| 2004 | 127,761,000 | 4,166,664 |
| 2003 | 127,718,000 | 4,114,826 |
| 2002 | 127,445,000 | 4,175,950 |
| 2001 | 127,149,000 | 4,138,012 |
| 2000 | 126,843,000 | 4,027,887 |
| 1999 | 126,631,000 | 3,958,723 |
| 1998 | 126,400,000 | 3,927,213 |
| 1997 | 126,057,000 | 3,796,038 |
| 1996 | 125,757,000 | 3,670,704 |
| 1995 | 125,472,000 | 3,524,506 |
| 1994 | 125,178,000 | 3,419,048 |
| 1993 | 124,829,000 | 3,313,471 |
| 1992 | 124,425,000 | 3,230,698 |
| 1991 | 123,964,000 | 3,135,083 |
| 1990 | 123,478,000 | 3,047,132 |
| 1989 | 123,069,000 | 2,930,901 |
| 1988 | 122,578,000 | 2,846,108 |
| 1987 | 122,069,000 | 2,774,789 |
| 1986 | 121,482,000 | 2,733,373 |
| 1985 | 120,837,000 | 2,735,957 |
| 1984 | 120,083,000 | 2,732,221 |
| 1983 | 119,307,000 | 2,681,061 |
| 1982 | 118,480,000 | 2,646,466 |
| 1981 | 117,661,000 | 2,532,835 |
| 1980 | 116,807,000 | 2,413,945 |
| 1979 | 115,890,000 | 2,383,500 |
| 1978 | 114,913,000 | 2,353,600 |
| 1977 | 113,872,000 | 2,325,300 |
| 1976 | 112,775,000 | 2,293,300 |
| 1975 | 111,573,000 | 2,262,600 |
| 1974 | 110,162,000 | 2,229,800 |
| 1973 | 108,707,000 | 2,193,000 |
| 1972 | 107,188,000 | 2,152,400 |
| 1971 | 105,697,000 | 2,112,900 |
| 1970 | 103,403,000 | 2,074,507 |
| 1969 | 102,219,000 | 2,042,500 |
| 1968 | 101,011,000 | 2,012,000 |
| 1967 | 99,879,000 | 1,977,600 |
| 1966 | 98,851,000 | 1,934,400 |
| 1965 | 97,952,000 | 1,886,900 |
| 1964 | 96,903,000 | 1,841,600 |
| 1963 | 95,900,000 | 1,795,000 |
| 1962 | 94,933,000 | 1,750,200 |
| 1961 | 94,055,000 | 1,702,400 |
| 1960 | 93,216,000 | 1,646,400 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/singapore | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Japan decreased by 778,000 people (a 0.61% decline), while Singapore gained 1,205,918 people (a 27.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Japan lost 4,398,750 people (a 3.46% decline), while Singapore's population increased by 518,569 people (a 9.25% growth).
Japan was ranked 10th most populous country in 2006 and is 12th in 2026. Singapore was ranked 117th in 2006 and ranked 113th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Japan's population will shrink by 14.1% to 105,377,283 people with a rank change from 12th to 17th. The population of Singapore will increase by 3.26% to 6,325,698 people and rank change from 113th to 118th.
Singapore is projected to reach its peak in 2040 at 6.43M people, while Japan's population already peaked in 2010 at 128M people and is projected to decrease to 77M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Singapore
|
|
| 2100 | -0.5% | -0.99% |
| 2099 | -0.49% | -1.07% |
| 2098 | -0.48% | -1.08% |
| 2097 | -0.48% | -1.11% |
| 2096 | -0.48% | -1.12% |
| 2095 | -0.47% | -1.17% |
| 2094 | -0.47% | -1.13% |
| 2093 | -0.47% | -1.11% |
| 2092 | -0.47% | -1.18% |
| 2091 | -0.47% | -1.18% |
| 2090 | -0.47% | -1.23% |
| 2089 | -0.47% | -1.16% |
| 2088 | -0.47% | -1.17% |
| 2087 | -0.48% | -1.18% |
| 2086 | -0.49% | -1.14% |
| 2085 | -0.5% | -1.09% |
| 2084 | -0.5% | -1.09% |
| 2083 | -0.52% | -1.08% |
| 2082 | -0.53% | -1.05% |
| 2081 | -0.55% | -1% |
| 2080 | -0.57% | -0.98% |
| 2079 | -0.59% | -0.9% |
| 2078 | -0.62% | -0.85% |
| 2077 | -0.64% | -0.77% |
| 2076 | -0.67% | -0.83% |
| 2075 | -0.69% | -0.79% |
| 2074 | -0.73% | -0.67% |
| 2073 | -0.74% | -0.61% |
| 2072 | -0.76% | -0.58% |
| 2071 | -0.79% | -0.53% |
| 2070 | -0.79% | -0.55% |
| 2069 | -0.8% | -0.52% |
| 2068 | -0.8% | -0.48% |
| 2067 | -0.81% | -0.55% |
| 2066 | -0.81% | -0.52% |
| 2065 | -0.79% | -0.44% |
| 2064 | -0.79% | -0.37% |
| 2063 | -0.78% | -0.4% |
| 2062 | -0.77% | -0.38% |
| 2061 | -0.76% | -0.41% |
| 2060 | -0.75% | -0.34% |
| 2059 | -0.73% | -0.36% |
| 2058 | -0.71% | -0.29% |
| 2057 | -0.7% | -0.29% |
| 2056 | -0.68% | -0.3% |
| 2055 | -0.68% | -0.34% |
| 2054 | -0.65% | -0.26% |
| 2053 | -0.65% | -0.2% |
| 2052 | -0.64% | -0.27% |
| 2051 | -0.64% | -0.29% |
| 2050 | -0.64% | -0.27% |
| 2049 | -0.64% | -0.21% |
| 2048 | -0.64% | -0.28% |
| 2047 | -0.64% | -0.22% |
| 2046 | -0.65% | -0.19% |
| 2045 | -0.65% | -0.2% |
| 2044 | -0.65% | -0.12% |
| 2043 | -0.65% | -0.11% |
| 2042 | -0.66% | -0.09% |
| 2041 | -0.65% | -0.02% |
| 2040 | -0.65% | 0.05% |
| 2039 | -0.65% | 0.14% |
| 2038 | -0.65% | 0.18% |
| 2037 | -0.65% | 0.19% |
| 2036 | -0.65% | 0.26% |
| 2035 | -0.64% | 0.35% |
| 2034 | -0.63% | 0.43% |
| 2033 | -0.63% | 0.43% |
| 2032 | -0.62% | 0.46% |
| 2031 | -0.61% | 0.44% |
| 2030 | -0.6% | 0.47% |
| 2029 | -0.59% | 0.56% |
| 2028 | -0.58% | 0.58% |
| 2027 | -0.56% | 0.56% |
| 2026 | -0.54% | 0.63% |
| 2025 | -0.51% | 0.69% |
| 2024 | -0.43% | 2.01% |
| 2023 | -0.49% | 4.98% |
| 2022 | -0.44% | 3.36% |
| 2021 | -0.46% | -4.08% |
| 2020 | -0.29% | -0.31% |
| 2019 | -0.14% | 1.15% |
| 2018 | -0.13% | 0.47% |
| 2017 | -0.08% | 0.09% |
| 2016 | -0.05% | 1.31% |
| 2015 | -0.11% | 1.19% |
| 2014 | -0.13% | 1.31% |
| 2013 | -0.14% | 1.63% |
| 2012 | -0.16% | 2.48% |
| 2011 | -0.19% | 2.11% |
| 2010 | 0.02% | 1.79% |
| 2009 | -0.01% | 3.06% |
| 2008 | 0.05% | 5.47% |
| 2007 | 0.11% | 4.25% |
| 2006 | 0.06% | 3.18% |
| 2005 | 0.009% | 2.38% |
| 2004 | 0.03% | 1.26% |
| 2003 | 0.21% | -1.46% |
| 2002 | 0.23% | 0.92% |
| 2001 | 0.24% | 2.73% |
| 2000 | 0.17% | 1.75% |
| 1999 | 0.18% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | 0.27% | 3.46% |
| 1997 | 0.24% | 3.41% |
| 1996 | 0.23% | 4.15% |
| 1995 | 0.23% | 3.08% |
| 1994 | 0.28% | 3.19% |
| 1993 | 0.32% | 2.56% |
| 1992 | 0.37% | 3.05% |
| 1991 | 0.39% | 2.89% |
| 1990 | 0.33% | 3.97% |
| 1989 | 0.4% | 2.98% |
| 1988 | 0.42% | 2.57% |
| 1987 | 0.48% | 1.52% |
| 1986 | 0.53% | -0.09% |
| 1985 | 0.63% | 0.14% |
| 1984 | 0.65% | 1.91% |
| 1983 | 0.7% | 1.31% |
| 1982 | 0.7% | 4.49% |
| 1981 | 0.73% | 4.93% |
| 1980 | 0.79% | 1.28% |
| 1979 | 0.85% | 1.27% |
| 1978 | 0.91% | 1.22% |
| 1977 | 0.97% | 1.4% |
| 1976 | 1.08% | 1.36% |
| 1975 | 1.28% | 1.47% |
| 1974 | 1.34% | 1.68% |
| 1973 | 1.42% | 1.89% |
| 1972 | 1.41% | 1.87% |
| 1971 | 2.22% | 1.85% |
| 1970 | 1.16% | 1.57% |
| 1969 | 1.2% | 1.52% |
| 1968 | 1.13% | 1.74% |
| 1967 | 1.04% | 2.23% |
| 1966 | 0.92% | 2.52% |
| 1965 | 1.08% | 2.46% |
| 1964 | 1.05% | 2.6% |
| 1963 | 1.02% | 2.56% |
| 1962 | 0.93% | 2.81% |
| 1961 | 0.9% | 3.4% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/singapore | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Japan declined by 0.43%, while Singapore's population grew by 2.01%.
Live population counters
|
Japan
|
Singapore
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
122677250
|
6125852
|
| Population rank | 12/197 | 113/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.48% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
58.3 seconds
|
4.41 minutes
|
| One birth every |
42.2 seconds
|
12 minutes
|
| One death every |
19.5 seconds
|
14.3 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -1,483 | +327 |
| Annual growth/decline | -541,279 | +119,212 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.43% | +2.01% |
| Population growth rate rank | 185/197 | 50/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.75 minutes
|
31.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +140,579 | +16,892 |
| Net migration rank | 10/196 | 36/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,409,529 | 2,841,665 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 19/195 | 26/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.8% | 48.7% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 120/195 | 9/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Singapore
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 140,579 | - | 16,892 |
| 2024 | - | 153,357 | - | 20,011 |
| 2023 | -871,617 | 175,003 | 7,101 | 26,996 |
| 2022 | -825,825 | 175,003 | 9,019 | 214,842 |
| 2021 | -640,976 | -34,996 | 15,270 | -44,030 |
| 2020 | -542,923 | 42,001 | 18,763 | -145,556 |
| 2019 | -531,858 | 318,190 | 21,674 | 870 |
| 2018 | -456,520 | 320,601 | 21,427 | 21,820 |
| 2017 | -406,310 | 322,564 | 21,888 | -8,880 |
| 2016 | -343,106 | 314,732 | 25,794 | 13,737 |
| 2015 | -292,424 | 168,896 | 27,121 | 41,852 |
| 2014 | -267,279 | 58,109 | 27,896 | 40,154 |
| 2013 | -242,146 | 66,449 | 25,376 | 52,176 |
| 2012 | -229,733 | 67,904 | 29,750 | 78,501 |
| 2011 | -204,533 | 97,720 | 25,919 | 89,856 |
| 2010 | -128,070 | 131,860 | 24,876 | 72,571 |
| 2009 | -76,828 | 125,450 | 27,930 | 95,841 |
| 2008 | -51,225 | 142,605 | 28,068 | 176,182 |
| 2007 | -25,600 | 138,024 | 26,614 | 192,292 |
| 2006 | 12,785 | 130,065 | 25,968 | 135,625 |
| 2005 | -25,554 | 113,017 | 24,741 | 92,023 |
| 2004 | 76,656 | 69,014 | 24,583 | 50,487 |
| 2003 | 114,946 | 74,875 | 24,689 | -30,012 |
| 2002 | 178,423 | 60,864 | 29,231 | -40,023 |
| 2001 | 203,438 | 59,563 | 31,035 | 45,027 |
| 2000 | 228,317 | 23,468 | 37,057 | 55,218 |
| 1999 | 202,610 | 56,901 | 32,857 | 19,681 |
| 1998 | 265,440 | 45,912 | 33,381 | 51,905 |
| 1997 | 277,325 | 43,366 | 37,960 | 95,241 |
| 1996 | 314,392 | 25,030 | 38,542 | 102,018 |
| 1995 | 276,039 | 87,714 | 38,065 | 91,947 |
| 1994 | 363,017 | 154,214 | 39,319 | 71,170 |
| 1993 | 312,073 | 168,836 | 40,425 | 58,820 |
| 1992 | 360,833 | 170,878 | 39,091 | 54,359 |
| 1991 | 396,685 | 161,331 | 39,188 | 57,821 |
| 1990 | 407,478 | 124,582 | 41,136 | 66,950 |
| 1989 | 467,662 | 31,202 | 36,929 | 68,031 |
| 1988 | 527,085 | 51,154 | 42,407 | 40,976 |
| 1987 | 598,138 | 28,001 | 33,020 | 25,411 |
| 1986 | 631,706 | 27,987 | 27,880 | -7,858 |
| 1985 | 676,687 | -141,323 | 32,010 | -31,036 |
| 1984 | 756,523 | -273,686 | 31,967 | -4,396 |
| 1983 | 775,495 | -269,755 | 30,296 | 11,699 |
| 1982 | 805,664 | -288,550 | 33,346 | 41,568 |
| 1981 | 811,861 | -278,525 | 32,167 | 85,869 |
| 1980 | 864,372 | -92,314 | 30,657 | 42,433 |
| 1979 | 950,298 | -57,692 | 28,363 | -2,384 |
| 1978 | 1,011,234 | -47,996 | 27,537 | 436 |
| 1977 | 1,070,397 | -49,082 | 26,508 | 2,757 |
| 1976 | 1,127,750 | -34,976 | 31,189 | 949 |
| 1975 | 1,204,989 | 107 | 28,509 | 4,104 |
| 1974 | 1,332,960 | -10,145 | 31,664 | 2,748 |
| 1973 | 1,391,449 | -34,674 | 36,404 | -495 |
| 1972 | 1,372,006 | -73,980 | 38,098 | -1,631 |
| 1971 | 1,331,782 | -107,778 | 35,708 | 573 |
| 1970 | 1,230,496 | 33,731 | 35,059 | 4,024 |
| 1969 | 1,195,962 | 49,447 | 34,314 | 6,763 |
| 1968 | 1,191,930 | 43,593 | 36,216 | 6,792 |
| 1967 | 1,258,475 | 29,632 | 40,145 | 6,006 |
| 1966 | 682,072 | 68,934 | 44,298 | 3,507 |
| 1965 | 1,126,448 | -50,667 | 45,474 | 4,199 |
| 1964 | 1,046,553 | -100,696 | 47,697 | 3,043 |
| 1963 | 987,770 | -100,742 | 49,542 | 2,668 |
| 1962 | 901,864 | -57,075 | 48,830 | 3,714 |
| 1961 | 893,522 | -58,882 | 49,880 | 3,490 |
| 1960 | 894,874 | -150,371 | 51,533 | 2,008 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/singapore | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 73.6% of the population change in Japan is from natural causes (a loss of 5,178,838 people) and 26.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,860,103 people). In Singapore 54.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 195,953 people) and 45.2% is from migration (a gain of 161,805 people).
As of 2024, 3,409,529 residents or 2.8% of the population were not native-born in Japan, compared to 2,841,665 people or 48.7% in Singapore.
Biggest cities by population
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Japan and Singapore
|
Japan
|
Singapore
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 85.1 years | 84.1 years |
| Average age | 48.3 years | 39.3 years |
| Median age | 50.4 years | 36.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.8:51.2 | 51.7:48.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.2 births per woman | 0.97 births per woman |
| Population density | 872 ppl/mi² | 22,064 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/singapore | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.