The latest officially reported population of Japan was 123,975,371 in 2024 vs 40,583,164 people in Yemen in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Japan's population is 122,677,250 people compared to 43,325,643 in Yemen.
Population statistics:
- Japan's population is 2.83 times bigger than Yemen's.
- Japan is ranked the 12th most populous country in the world, while Yemen is the 37th.
- The countries together account for 2% of the world: 1.48% for Japan vs 0.52% for Yemen.
- For the last 10 years, Japan has had an average growth rate of -0.25% per year vs +3% in Yemen.
- Since 2006, the population of Japan has decreased from 128M people to 123M (4.05% decline), while Yemen has grown from 23.5M to 43.3M (84% growth).
Japan vs Yemen: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Japan
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2100 | 76,978,998 | 111,531,602 |
| 2099 | 77,363,458 | 111,216,538 |
| 2098 | 77,742,445 | 110,873,896 |
| 2097 | 78,118,375 | 110,513,248 |
| 2096 | 78,498,614 | 110,125,357 |
| 2095 | 78,875,245 | 109,718,989 |
| 2094 | 79,250,325 | 109,287,747 |
| 2093 | 79,628,057 | 108,834,256 |
| 2092 | 80,007,967 | 108,350,834 |
| 2091 | 80,383,529 | 107,845,139 |
| 2090 | 80,760,724 | 107,319,234 |
| 2089 | 81,140,553 | 106,769,903 |
| 2088 | 81,521,696 | 106,198,480 |
| 2087 | 81,908,373 | 105,606,248 |
| 2086 | 82,304,497 | 104,994,691 |
| 2085 | 82,709,534 | 104,356,315 |
| 2084 | 83,123,058 | 103,704,067 |
| 2083 | 83,544,006 | 103,033,111 |
| 2082 | 83,980,325 | 102,348,794 |
| 2081 | 84,429,305 | 101,642,012 |
| 2080 | 84,899,768 | 100,920,728 |
| 2079 | 85,387,247 | 100,179,245 |
| 2078 | 85,897,934 | 99,422,962 |
| 2077 | 86,434,291 | 98,654,481 |
| 2076 | 86,993,007 | 97,862,812 |
| 2075 | 87,577,777 | 97,057,105 |
| 2074 | 88,190,392 | 96,230,615 |
| 2073 | 88,834,763 | 95,389,748 |
| 2072 | 89,499,356 | 94,528,518 |
| 2071 | 90,184,464 | 93,646,094 |
| 2070 | 90,899,136 | 92,750,891 |
| 2069 | 91,625,421 | 91,836,719 |
| 2068 | 92,367,969 | 90,906,457 |
| 2067 | 93,113,499 | 89,961,778 |
| 2066 | 93,869,240 | 88,998,844 |
| 2065 | 94,633,430 | 88,022,210 |
| 2064 | 95,391,433 | 87,033,422 |
| 2063 | 96,148,081 | 86,020,867 |
| 2062 | 96,902,907 | 84,985,459 |
| 2061 | 97,654,031 | 83,934,120 |
| 2060 | 98,400,894 | 82,867,105 |
| 2059 | 99,144,216 | 81,781,887 |
| 2058 | 99,868,968 | 80,678,032 |
| 2057 | 100,585,601 | 79,563,835 |
| 2056 | 101,295,868 | 78,436,146 |
| 2055 | 101,989,736 | 77,296,391 |
| 2054 | 102,683,462 | 76,143,587 |
| 2053 | 103,359,083 | 74,985,186 |
| 2052 | 104,036,901 | 73,813,387 |
| 2051 | 104,706,698 | 72,631,340 |
| 2050 | 105,377,283 | 71,436,891 |
| 2049 | 106,053,011 | 70,243,074 |
| 2048 | 106,731,207 | 69,043,876 |
| 2047 | 107,419,237 | 67,843,741 |
| 2046 | 108,115,358 | 66,638,116 |
| 2045 | 108,820,982 | 65,433,874 |
| 2044 | 109,529,333 | 64,230,423 |
| 2043 | 110,245,586 | 63,031,296 |
| 2042 | 110,968,174 | 61,838,177 |
| 2041 | 111,704,629 | 60,651,763 |
| 2040 | 112,438,759 | 59,475,172 |
| 2039 | 113,175,948 | 58,303,694 |
| 2038 | 113,915,783 | 57,135,690 |
| 2037 | 114,662,374 | 55,973,689 |
| 2036 | 115,410,956 | 54,809,098 |
| 2035 | 116,162,381 | 53,641,994 |
| 2034 | 116,911,001 | 52,476,195 |
| 2033 | 117,652,676 | 51,307,469 |
| 2032 | 118,393,188 | 50,140,351 |
| 2031 | 119,127,425 | 48,969,961 |
| 2030 | 119,856,131 | 47,786,079 |
| 2029 | 120,574,242 | 46,594,926 |
| 2028 | 121,287,543 | 45,403,313 |
| 2027 | 121,989,133 | 44,203,683 |
| 2026 | 122,677,250 | 43,000,078 |
| 2025 | 123,339,586 | 41,792,731 |
| 2024 | 123,975,371 | 40,583,164 |
| 2023 | 124,516,650 | 39,390,799 |
| 2022 | 125,124,989 | 38,222,876 |
| 2021 | 125,681,593 | 37,140,230 |
| 2020 | 126,261,000 | 36,134,863 |
| 2019 | 126,633,000 | 35,111,408 |
| 2018 | 126,811,000 | 34,085,182 |
| 2017 | 126,972,000 | 33,090,921 |
| 2016 | 127,076,000 | 32,109,010 |
| 2015 | 127,141,000 | 31,159,379 |
| 2014 | 127,276,000 | 30,226,309 |
| 2013 | 127,445,000 | 29,312,952 |
| 2012 | 127,629,000 | 28,433,647 |
| 2011 | 127,833,000 | 27,582,897 |
| 2010 | 128,070,000 | 26,754,387 |
| 2009 | 128,047,000 | 25,927,724 |
| 2008 | 128,063,000 | 25,111,941 |
| 2007 | 128,001,000 | 24,318,082 |
| 2006 | 127,854,000 | 23,543,083 |
| 2005 | 127,773,000 | 22,790,085 |
| 2004 | 127,761,000 | 22,095,167 |
| 2003 | 127,718,000 | 21,456,379 |
| 2002 | 127,445,000 | 20,835,086 |
| 2001 | 127,149,000 | 20,226,147 |
| 2000 | 126,843,000 | 19,624,141 |
| 1999 | 126,631,000 | 19,029,420 |
| 1998 | 126,400,000 | 18,446,013 |
| 1997 | 126,057,000 | 17,873,936 |
| 1996 | 125,757,000 | 17,313,177 |
| 1995 | 125,472,000 | 16,740,058 |
| 1994 | 125,178,000 | 16,149,147 |
| 1993 | 124,829,000 | 15,563,914 |
| 1992 | 124,425,000 | 14,989,494 |
| 1991 | 123,964,000 | 14,430,201 |
| 1990 | 123,478,000 | 13,887,862 |
| 1989 | 123,069,000 | 13,364,174 |
| 1988 | 122,578,000 | 12,859,708 |
| 1987 | 122,069,000 | 12,369,912 |
| 1986 | 121,482,000 | 11,901,040 |
| 1985 | 120,837,000 | 11,453,825 |
| 1984 | 120,083,000 | 11,025,597 |
| 1983 | 119,307,000 | 10,621,499 |
| 1982 | 118,480,000 | 10,241,006 |
| 1981 | 117,661,000 | 9,882,362 |
| 1980 | 116,807,000 | 9,543,358 |
| 1979 | 115,890,000 | 9,224,194 |
| 1978 | 114,913,000 | 8,926,586 |
| 1977 | 113,872,000 | 8,648,222 |
| 1976 | 112,775,000 | 8,384,113 |
| 1975 | 111,573,000 | 8,133,598 |
| 1974 | 110,162,000 | 7,896,783 |
| 1973 | 108,707,000 | 7,672,796 |
| 1972 | 107,188,000 | 7,460,068 |
| 1971 | 105,697,000 | 7,257,462 |
| 1970 | 103,403,000 | 7,065,279 |
| 1969 | 102,219,000 | 6,875,859 |
| 1968 | 101,011,000 | 6,690,524 |
| 1967 | 99,879,000 | 6,516,444 |
| 1966 | 98,851,000 | 6,351,494 |
| 1965 | 97,952,000 | 6,195,593 |
| 1964 | 96,903,000 | 6,048,006 |
| 1963 | 95,900,000 | 5,911,135 |
| 1962 | 94,933,000 | 5,782,221 |
| 1961 | 94,055,000 | 5,655,232 |
| 1960 | 93,216,000 | 5,532,301 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/yemen | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Japan decreased by 778,000 people (a 0.61% decline), while Yemen gained 8,565,927 people (a 36.4% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Japan lost 4,398,750 people (a 3.46% decline), while Yemen's population increased by 11,216,633 people (a 34.9% growth).
Japan was ranked 10th most populous country in 2006 and is 12th in 2026. Yemen was ranked 47th in 2006 and ranked 37th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Japan's population will shrink by 14.1% to 105,377,283 people with a rank change from 12th to 17th. The population of Yemen will increase by 64.9% to 71,436,891 people and rank change from 37th to 29th.
Yemen is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 112M people, while Japan's population already peaked in 2010 at 128M people and is projected to decrease to 77M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Yemen
|
|
| 2100 | -0.5% | 0.28% |
| 2099 | -0.49% | 0.31% |
| 2098 | -0.48% | 0.33% |
| 2097 | -0.48% | 0.35% |
| 2096 | -0.48% | 0.37% |
| 2095 | -0.47% | 0.39% |
| 2094 | -0.47% | 0.42% |
| 2093 | -0.47% | 0.45% |
| 2092 | -0.47% | 0.47% |
| 2091 | -0.47% | 0.49% |
| 2090 | -0.47% | 0.51% |
| 2089 | -0.47% | 0.54% |
| 2088 | -0.47% | 0.56% |
| 2087 | -0.48% | 0.58% |
| 2086 | -0.49% | 0.61% |
| 2085 | -0.5% | 0.63% |
| 2084 | -0.5% | 0.65% |
| 2083 | -0.52% | 0.67% |
| 2082 | -0.53% | 0.7% |
| 2081 | -0.55% | 0.71% |
| 2080 | -0.57% | 0.74% |
| 2079 | -0.59% | 0.76% |
| 2078 | -0.62% | 0.78% |
| 2077 | -0.64% | 0.81% |
| 2076 | -0.67% | 0.83% |
| 2075 | -0.69% | 0.86% |
| 2074 | -0.73% | 0.88% |
| 2073 | -0.74% | 0.91% |
| 2072 | -0.76% | 0.94% |
| 2071 | -0.79% | 0.97% |
| 2070 | -0.79% | 1% |
| 2069 | -0.8% | 1.02% |
| 2068 | -0.8% | 1.05% |
| 2067 | -0.81% | 1.08% |
| 2066 | -0.81% | 1.11% |
| 2065 | -0.79% | 1.14% |
| 2064 | -0.79% | 1.18% |
| 2063 | -0.78% | 1.22% |
| 2062 | -0.77% | 1.25% |
| 2061 | -0.76% | 1.29% |
| 2060 | -0.75% | 1.33% |
| 2059 | -0.73% | 1.37% |
| 2058 | -0.71% | 1.4% |
| 2057 | -0.7% | 1.44% |
| 2056 | -0.68% | 1.47% |
| 2055 | -0.68% | 1.51% |
| 2054 | -0.65% | 1.54% |
| 2053 | -0.65% | 1.59% |
| 2052 | -0.64% | 1.63% |
| 2051 | -0.64% | 1.67% |
| 2050 | -0.64% | 1.7% |
| 2049 | -0.64% | 1.74% |
| 2048 | -0.64% | 1.77% |
| 2047 | -0.64% | 1.81% |
| 2046 | -0.65% | 1.84% |
| 2045 | -0.65% | 1.87% |
| 2044 | -0.65% | 1.9% |
| 2043 | -0.65% | 1.93% |
| 2042 | -0.66% | 1.96% |
| 2041 | -0.65% | 1.98% |
| 2040 | -0.65% | 2.01% |
| 2039 | -0.65% | 2.04% |
| 2038 | -0.65% | 2.08% |
| 2037 | -0.65% | 2.12% |
| 2036 | -0.65% | 2.18% |
| 2035 | -0.64% | 2.22% |
| 2034 | -0.63% | 2.28% |
| 2033 | -0.63% | 2.33% |
| 2032 | -0.62% | 2.39% |
| 2031 | -0.61% | 2.48% |
| 2030 | -0.6% | 2.56% |
| 2029 | -0.59% | 2.62% |
| 2028 | -0.58% | 2.71% |
| 2027 | -0.56% | 2.8% |
| 2026 | -0.54% | 2.89% |
| 2025 | -0.51% | 2.98% |
| 2024 | -0.43% | 3.03% |
| 2023 | -0.49% | 3.06% |
| 2022 | -0.44% | 2.92% |
| 2021 | -0.46% | 2.78% |
| 2020 | -0.29% | 2.91% |
| 2019 | -0.14% | 3.01% |
| 2018 | -0.13% | 3% |
| 2017 | -0.08% | 3.06% |
| 2016 | -0.05% | 3.05% |
| 2015 | -0.11% | 3.09% |
| 2014 | -0.13% | 3.12% |
| 2013 | -0.14% | 3.09% |
| 2012 | -0.16% | 3.08% |
| 2011 | -0.19% | 3.1% |
| 2010 | 0.02% | 3.19% |
| 2009 | -0.01% | 3.25% |
| 2008 | 0.05% | 3.26% |
| 2007 | 0.11% | 3.29% |
| 2006 | 0.06% | 3.3% |
| 2005 | 0.009% | 3.15% |
| 2004 | 0.03% | 2.98% |
| 2003 | 0.21% | 2.98% |
| 2002 | 0.23% | 3.01% |
| 2001 | 0.24% | 3.07% |
| 2000 | 0.17% | 3.13% |
| 1999 | 0.18% | 3.16% |
| 1998 | 0.27% | 3.2% |
| 1997 | 0.24% | 3.24% |
| 1996 | 0.23% | 3.42% |
| 1995 | 0.23% | 3.66% |
| 1994 | 0.28% | 3.76% |
| 1993 | 0.32% | 3.83% |
| 1992 | 0.37% | 3.88% |
| 1991 | 0.39% | 3.91% |
| 1990 | 0.33% | 3.92% |
| 1989 | 0.4% | 3.92% |
| 1988 | 0.42% | 3.96% |
| 1987 | 0.48% | 3.94% |
| 1986 | 0.53% | 3.9% |
| 1985 | 0.63% | 3.88% |
| 1984 | 0.65% | 3.8% |
| 1983 | 0.7% | 3.72% |
| 1982 | 0.7% | 3.63% |
| 1981 | 0.73% | 3.55% |
| 1980 | 0.79% | 3.46% |
| 1979 | 0.85% | 3.33% |
| 1978 | 0.91% | 3.22% |
| 1977 | 0.97% | 3.15% |
| 1976 | 1.08% | 3.08% |
| 1975 | 1.28% | 3% |
| 1974 | 1.34% | 2.92% |
| 1973 | 1.42% | 2.85% |
| 1972 | 1.41% | 2.79% |
| 1971 | 2.22% | 2.72% |
| 1970 | 1.16% | 2.75% |
| 1969 | 1.2% | 2.77% |
| 1968 | 1.13% | 2.67% |
| 1967 | 1.04% | 2.6% |
| 1966 | 0.92% | 2.52% |
| 1965 | 1.08% | 2.44% |
| 1964 | 1.05% | 2.32% |
| 1963 | 1.02% | 2.23% |
| 1962 | 0.93% | 2.25% |
| 1961 | 0.9% | 2.22% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/yemen | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Japan declined by 0.43%, while Yemen's population grew by 3.03%.
Live population counters
|
Japan
|
Yemen
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
122677250
|
43325643
|
| Population rank | 12/197 | 37/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.48% | 0.52% |
| One net population change |
58.3 seconds
|
26.4 seconds
|
| One birth every |
42.2 seconds
|
22.7 seconds
|
| One death every |
19.5 seconds
|
2.78 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -1,483 | +3,267 |
| Annual growth/decline | -541,279 | +1,192,365 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.43% | +3.03% |
| Population growth rate rank | 185/197 | 13/197 |
| One migration net change every |
3.75 minutes
|
32.4 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +140,579 | -16,291 |
| Net migration rank | 10/196 | 148/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,409,529 | 392,997 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 19/195 | 89/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.8% | 1% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 120/195 | 156/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Japan
|
Yemen
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 140,579 | - | -16,291 |
| 2024 | - | 153,357 | - | -10,482 |
| 2023 | -871,617 | 175,003 | 1,198,150 | -5,233 |
| 2022 | -825,825 | 175,003 | 1,153,375 | -10,448 |
| 2021 | -640,976 | -34,996 | 1,103,622 | -81,248 |
| 2020 | -542,923 | 42,001 | 1,086,322 | -97,982 |
| 2019 | -531,858 | 318,190 | 1,056,432 | 2,129 |
| 2018 | -456,520 | 320,601 | 1,020,238 | -26,335 |
| 2017 | -406,310 | 322,564 | 1,006,725 | -12,086 |
| 2016 | -343,106 | 314,732 | 975,697 | -6,492 |
| 2015 | -292,424 | 168,896 | 939,922 | -9,883 |
| 2014 | -267,279 | 58,109 | 920,330 | 15,764 |
| 2013 | -242,146 | 66,449 | 884,929 | 5,697 |
| 2012 | -229,733 | 67,904 | 845,645 | 22,349 |
| 2011 | -204,533 | 97,720 | 806,359 | 27,184 |
| 2010 | -128,070 | 131,860 | 803,246 | 20,269 |
| 2009 | -76,828 | 125,450 | 798,911 | 30,919 |
| 2008 | -51,225 | 142,605 | 779,123 | 22,621 |
| 2007 | -25,600 | 138,024 | 764,780 | 21,210 |
| 2006 | 12,785 | 130,065 | 750,082 | 13,940 |
| 2005 | -25,554 | 113,017 | 726,708 | 15,283 |
| 2004 | 76,656 | 69,014 | 710,493 | -62,641 |
| 2003 | 114,946 | 74,875 | 694,457 | -64,737 |
| 2002 | 178,423 | 60,864 | 672,494 | -59,648 |
| 2001 | 203,438 | 59,563 | 658,704 | -53,698 |
| 2000 | 228,317 | 23,468 | 646,694 | -47,713 |
| 1999 | 202,610 | 56,901 | 633,166 | -42,731 |
| 1998 | 265,440 | 45,912 | 615,488 | -39,096 |
| 1997 | 277,325 | 43,366 | 604,443 | -36,694 |
| 1996 | 314,392 | 25,030 | 588,786 | -35,043 |
| 1995 | 276,039 | 87,714 | 607,966 | -15,485 |
| 1994 | 363,017 | 154,214 | 602,363 | -13,040 |
| 1993 | 312,073 | 168,836 | 595,459 | -14,332 |
| 1992 | 360,833 | 170,878 | 582,072 | -14,372 |
| 1991 | 396,685 | 161,331 | 565,837 | -14,964 |
| 1990 | 407,478 | 124,582 | 549,654 | -15,847 |
| 1989 | 467,662 | 31,202 | 530,464 | -16,876 |
| 1988 | 527,085 | 51,154 | 513,296 | -17,952 |
| 1987 | 598,138 | 28,001 | 493,337 | -9,097 |
| 1986 | 631,706 | 27,987 | 464,665 | -11,151 |
| 1985 | 676,687 | -141,323 | 455,576 | -14,660 |
| 1984 | 756,523 | -273,686 | 434,674 | -19,143 |
| 1983 | 775,495 | -269,755 | 414,823 | -22,152 |
| 1982 | 805,664 | -288,550 | 392,302 | -23,981 |
| 1981 | 811,861 | -278,525 | 374,482 | -25,499 |
| 1980 | 864,372 | -92,314 | 355,767 | -26,740 |
| 1979 | 950,298 | -57,692 | 336,378 | -27,090 |
| 1978 | 1,011,234 | -47,996 | 312,439 | -26,524 |
| 1977 | 1,070,397 | -49,082 | 296,115 | -25,305 |
| 1976 | 1,127,750 | -34,976 | 281,078 | -23,669 |
| 1975 | 1,204,989 | 107 | 266,815 | -23,192 |
| 1974 | 1,332,960 | -10,145 | 252,737 | -22,726 |
| 1973 | 1,391,449 | -34,674 | 240,235 | -22,282 |
| 1972 | 1,372,006 | -73,980 | 229,322 | -21,826 |
| 1971 | 1,331,782 | -107,778 | 219,095 | -21,386 |
| 1970 | 1,230,496 | 33,731 | 207,613 | -20,966 |
| 1969 | 1,195,962 | 49,447 | 196,305 | -4,121 |
| 1968 | 1,191,930 | 43,593 | 182,518 | -4,031 |
| 1967 | 1,258,475 | 29,632 | 173,637 | -3,959 |
| 1966 | 682,072 | 68,934 | 164,091 | -3,874 |
| 1965 | 1,126,448 | -50,667 | 155,398 | -3,797 |
| 1964 | 1,046,553 | -100,696 | 147,299 | -3,712 |
| 1963 | 987,770 | -100,742 | 133,781 | -3,640 |
| 1962 | 901,864 | -57,075 | 131,262 | -3,572 |
| 1961 | 893,522 | -58,882 | 129,787 | -3,503 |
| 1960 | 894,874 | -150,371 | 122,994 | -3,431 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/yemen | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 73.6% of the population change in Japan is from natural causes (a loss of 5,178,838 people) and 26.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,860,103 people). In Yemen 97.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 10,460,813 people) and 2.17% is from migration (a loss of 231,814 people).
As of 2024, 3,409,529 residents or 2.8% of the population were not native-born in Japan, compared to 392,997 people or 1% in Yemen.
Biggest cities by population
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Population differences between Japan and Yemen
|
Japan
|
Yemen
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 85.1 years | 69.7 years |
| Average age | 48.3 years | 23.1 years |
| Median age | 50.4 years | 19.3 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.8:51.2 | 50.7:49.3 |
| Fertility rate | 1.2 births per woman | 4.59 births per woman |
| Population density | 872 ppl/mi² | 210.9 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/japan/yemen | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.