The latest officially reported population of Cuba was 10,979,783 in 2024 vs 5,169,395 people in Mauritania in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Cuba's population is 10,894,785 people compared to 5,505,206 in Mauritania.
Population statistics:
- Cuba's population is 1.98 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Cuba is ranked the 90th most populous country in the world, while Mauritania is the 122nd.
- The countries together account for 0.2% of the world: 0.13% for Cuba vs 0.07% for Mauritania.
- For the last 10 years, Cuba has had an average growth rate of -0.26% per year vs +3% in Mauritania.
- Since 2006, the population of Cuba has decreased from 11.3M people to 10.9M (3.4% decline), while Mauritania has grown from 3.01M to 5.51M (82.7% growth).
Cuba vs Mauritania: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Cuba
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | 5,596,718 | 17,309,980 |
| 2099 | 5,657,375 | 17,202,690 |
| 2098 | 5,718,645 | 17,090,030 |
| 2097 | 5,780,569 | 16,975,270 |
| 2096 | 5,843,224 | 16,857,252 |
| 2095 | 5,906,751 | 16,739,240 |
| 2094 | 5,970,804 | 16,617,272 |
| 2093 | 6,035,854 | 16,492,589 |
| 2092 | 6,101,659 | 16,366,098 |
| 2091 | 6,168,154 | 16,235,771 |
| 2090 | 6,235,722 | 16,103,700 |
| 2089 | 6,304,222 | 15,969,059 |
| 2088 | 6,373,377 | 15,831,339 |
| 2087 | 6,443,413 | 15,690,143 |
| 2086 | 6,514,289 | 15,547,605 |
| 2085 | 6,585,780 | 15,403,967 |
| 2084 | 6,657,505 | 15,257,740 |
| 2083 | 6,729,522 | 15,108,271 |
| 2082 | 6,801,995 | 14,958,279 |
| 2081 | 6,874,468 | 14,805,332 |
| 2080 | 6,947,089 | 14,651,508 |
| 2079 | 7,019,723 | 14,496,397 |
| 2078 | 7,092,413 | 14,337,117 |
| 2077 | 7,165,274 | 14,175,812 |
| 2076 | 7,238,004 | 14,013,255 |
| 2075 | 7,311,071 | 13,849,027 |
| 2074 | 7,384,626 | 13,684,146 |
| 2073 | 7,458,600 | 13,517,681 |
| 2072 | 7,533,524 | 13,349,376 |
| 2071 | 7,609,105 | 13,178,237 |
| 2070 | 7,686,135 | 13,007,812 |
| 2069 | 7,764,393 | 12,835,311 |
| 2068 | 7,843,807 | 12,662,862 |
| 2067 | 7,924,753 | 12,487,379 |
| 2066 | 8,007,003 | 12,311,503 |
| 2065 | 8,090,881 | 12,136,616 |
| 2064 | 8,176,150 | 11,958,955 |
| 2063 | 8,262,542 | 11,783,144 |
| 2062 | 8,350,350 | 11,606,044 |
| 2061 | 8,439,080 | 11,428,738 |
| 2060 | 8,528,768 | 11,251,427 |
| 2059 | 8,618,786 | 11,072,236 |
| 2058 | 8,708,762 | 10,892,076 |
| 2057 | 8,798,693 | 10,713,858 |
| 2056 | 8,888,562 | 10,536,935 |
| 2055 | 8,977,652 | 10,358,532 |
| 2054 | 9,066,133 | 10,179,658 |
| 2053 | 9,153,249 | 9,999,712 |
| 2052 | 9,238,892 | 9,819,098 |
| 2051 | 9,323,021 | 9,639,209 |
| 2050 | 9,405,481 | 9,461,249 |
| 2049 | 9,486,566 | 9,283,353 |
| 2048 | 9,565,607 | 9,104,299 |
| 2047 | 9,643,403 | 8,926,851 |
| 2046 | 9,719,554 | 8,748,845 |
| 2045 | 9,793,859 | 8,572,397 |
| 2044 | 9,866,367 | 8,397,189 |
| 2043 | 9,937,436 | 8,222,194 |
| 2042 | 10,006,554 | 8,048,139 |
| 2041 | 10,073,994 | 7,876,803 |
| 2040 | 10,139,368 | 7,706,696 |
| 2039 | 10,203,016 | 7,537,689 |
| 2038 | 10,264,587 | 7,369,184 |
| 2037 | 10,325,061 | 7,202,472 |
| 2036 | 10,383,547 | 7,036,729 |
| 2035 | 10,440,509 | 6,871,981 |
| 2034 | 10,496,359 | 6,708,364 |
| 2033 | 10,550,821 | 6,546,168 |
| 2032 | 10,603,749 | 6,385,827 |
| 2031 | 10,655,312 | 6,227,564 |
| 2030 | 10,705,845 | 6,070,865 |
| 2029 | 10,755,262 | 5,916,516 |
| 2028 | 10,803,047 | 5,764,060 |
| 2027 | 10,849,321 | 5,613,919 |
| 2026 | 10,894,785 | 5,464,898 |
| 2025 | 10,938,241 | 5,317,228 |
| 2024 | 10,979,783 | 5,169,395 |
| 2023 | 11,019,931 | 5,022,441 |
| 2022 | 11,059,820 | 4,875,637 |
| 2021 | 11,122,168 | 4,734,874 |
| 2020 | 11,176,354 | 4,600,131 |
| 2019 | 11,202,846 | 4,467,708 |
| 2018 | 11,227,118 | 4,337,685 |
| 2017 | 11,247,829 | 4,210,600 |
| 2016 | 11,265,612 | 4,086,657 |
| 2015 | 11,275,065 | 3,965,959 |
| 2014 | 11,285,775 | 3,848,514 |
| 2013 | 11,298,167 | 3,734,318 |
| 2012 | 11,303,175 | 3,619,034 |
| 2011 | 11,301,571 | 3,502,811 |
| 2010 | 11,297,409 | 3,390,965 |
| 2009 | 11,294,719 | 3,284,448 |
| 2008 | 11,291,762 | 3,183,269 |
| 2007 | 11,287,272 | 3,093,059 |
| 2006 | 11,278,550 | 3,013,660 |
| 2005 | 11,262,554 | 2,939,059 |
| 2004 | 11,238,756 | 2,868,664 |
| 2003 | 11,209,383 | 2,802,046 |
| 2002 | 11,177,418 | 2,738,655 |
| 2001 | 11,144,132 | 2,678,760 |
| 2000 | 11,109,109 | 2,613,441 |
| 1999 | 11,072,230 | 2,541,698 |
| 1998 | 11,034,712 | 2,474,651 |
| 1997 | 10,997,934 | 2,411,306 |
| 1996 | 10,962,010 | 2,358,188 |
| 1995 | 10,925,362 | 2,312,017 |
| 1994 | 10,886,021 | 2,249,454 |
| 1993 | 10,841,031 | 2,174,328 |
| 1992 | 10,785,801 | 2,088,135 |
| 1991 | 10,717,640 | 2,009,738 |
| 1990 | 10,631,799 | 1,951,878 |
| 1989 | 10,533,243 | 1,903,048 |
| 1988 | 10,432,585 | 1,855,859 |
| 1987 | 10,335,342 | 1,803,014 |
| 1986 | 10,244,247 | 1,751,835 |
| 1985 | 10,157,228 | 1,702,107 |
| 1984 | 10,073,299 | 1,653,693 |
| 1983 | 9,991,026 | 1,606,746 |
| 1982 | 9,912,681 | 1,561,176 |
| 1981 | 9,849,320 | 1,516,877 |
| 1980 | 9,804,796 | 1,474,043 |
| 1979 | 9,763,355 | 1,432,758 |
| 1978 | 9,711,980 | 1,392,713 |
| 1977 | 9,648,440 | 1,353,768 |
| 1976 | 9,571,242 | 1,315,336 |
| 1975 | 9,479,726 | 1,277,330 |
| 1974 | 9,374,183 | 1,240,188 |
| 1973 | 9,255,328 | 1,203,838 |
| 1972 | 9,123,891 | 1,168,355 |
| 1971 | 8,979,085 | 1,133,702 |
| 1970 | 8,824,382 | 1,099,806 |
| 1969 | 8,666,640 | 1,066,754 |
| 1968 | 8,509,522 | 1,034,739 |
| 1967 | 8,352,625 | 1,003,843 |
| 1966 | 8,193,450 | 974,157 |
| 1965 | 8,030,797 | 945,838 |
| 1964 | 7,866,020 | 918,955 |
| 1963 | 7,701,660 | 893,423 |
| 1962 | 7,541,098 | 869,184 |
| 1961 | 7,387,117 | 846,167 |
| 1960 | 7,238,081 | 824,298 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/mauritania | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Cuba decreased by 12,938 people (a 0.11% decline), while Mauritania gained 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Cuba lost 370,827 people (a 3.29% decline), while Mauritania's population increased by 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth).
Cuba was ranked 73rd most populous country in 2006 and is 90th in 2026. Mauritania was ranked 132nd in 2006 and ranked 122nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Cuba's population will shrink by 13.7% to 9,405,481 people with a rank change from 90th to 104th. The population of Mauritania will increase by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people and rank change from 122nd to 102nd.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people, while Cuba's population already peaked in 2012 at 11.3M people and is projected to decrease to 5.6M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Cuba
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | -1.07% | 0.62% |
| 2099 | -1.07% | 0.66% |
| 2098 | -1.07% | 0.68% |
| 2097 | -1.07% | 0.7% |
| 2096 | -1.08% | 0.7% |
| 2095 | -1.07% | 0.73% |
| 2094 | -1.08% | 0.76% |
| 2093 | -1.08% | 0.77% |
| 2092 | -1.08% | 0.8% |
| 2091 | -1.08% | 0.82% |
| 2090 | -1.09% | 0.84% |
| 2089 | -1.09% | 0.87% |
| 2088 | -1.09% | 0.9% |
| 2087 | -1.09% | 0.92% |
| 2086 | -1.09% | 0.93% |
| 2085 | -1.08% | 0.96% |
| 2084 | -1.07% | 0.99% |
| 2083 | -1.07% | 1% |
| 2082 | -1.05% | 1.03% |
| 2081 | -1.05% | 1.05% |
| 2080 | -1.03% | 1.07% |
| 2079 | -1.02% | 1.11% |
| 2078 | -1.02% | 1.14% |
| 2077 | -1% | 1.16% |
| 2076 | -1% | 1.19% |
| 2075 | -1% | 1.2% |
| 2074 | -0.99% | 1.23% |
| 2073 | -0.99% | 1.26% |
| 2072 | -0.99% | 1.3% |
| 2071 | -1% | 1.31% |
| 2070 | -1.01% | 1.34% |
| 2069 | -1.01% | 1.36% |
| 2068 | -1.02% | 1.41% |
| 2067 | -1.03% | 1.43% |
| 2066 | -1.04% | 1.44% |
| 2065 | -1.04% | 1.49% |
| 2064 | -1.05% | 1.49% |
| 2063 | -1.05% | 1.53% |
| 2062 | -1.05% | 1.55% |
| 2061 | -1.05% | 1.58% |
| 2060 | -1.04% | 1.62% |
| 2059 | -1.03% | 1.65% |
| 2058 | -1.02% | 1.66% |
| 2057 | -1.01% | 1.68% |
| 2056 | -0.99% | 1.72% |
| 2055 | -0.98% | 1.76% |
| 2054 | -0.95% | 1.8% |
| 2053 | -0.93% | 1.84% |
| 2052 | -0.9% | 1.87% |
| 2051 | -0.88% | 1.88% |
| 2050 | -0.85% | 1.92% |
| 2049 | -0.83% | 1.97% |
| 2048 | -0.81% | 1.99% |
| 2047 | -0.78% | 2.03% |
| 2046 | -0.76% | 2.06% |
| 2045 | -0.73% | 2.09% |
| 2044 | -0.72% | 2.13% |
| 2043 | -0.69% | 2.16% |
| 2042 | -0.67% | 2.18% |
| 2041 | -0.64% | 2.21% |
| 2040 | -0.62% | 2.24% |
| 2039 | -0.6% | 2.29% |
| 2038 | -0.59% | 2.31% |
| 2037 | -0.56% | 2.36% |
| 2036 | -0.55% | 2.4% |
| 2035 | -0.53% | 2.44% |
| 2034 | -0.52% | 2.48% |
| 2033 | -0.5% | 2.51% |
| 2032 | -0.48% | 2.54% |
| 2031 | -0.47% | 2.58% |
| 2030 | -0.46% | 2.61% |
| 2029 | -0.44% | 2.64% |
| 2028 | -0.43% | 2.67% |
| 2027 | -0.42% | 2.73% |
| 2026 | -0.4% | 2.78% |
| 2025 | -0.38% | 2.86% |
| 2024 | -0.36% | 2.93% |
| 2023 | -0.36% | 3.01% |
| 2022 | -0.56% | 2.97% |
| 2021 | -0.48% | 2.93% |
| 2020 | -0.24% | 2.96% |
| 2019 | -0.22% | 3% |
| 2018 | -0.18% | 3.02% |
| 2017 | -0.16% | 3.03% |
| 2016 | -0.08% | 3.04% |
| 2015 | -0.09% | 3.05% |
| 2014 | -0.11% | 3.06% |
| 2013 | -0.04% | 3.19% |
| 2012 | 0.01% | 3.32% |
| 2011 | 0.04% | 3.3% |
| 2010 | 0.02% | 3.24% |
| 2009 | 0.03% | 3.18% |
| 2008 | 0.04% | 2.92% |
| 2007 | 0.08% | 2.63% |
| 2006 | 0.14% | 2.54% |
| 2005 | 0.21% | 2.45% |
| 2004 | 0.26% | 2.38% |
| 2003 | 0.29% | 2.31% |
| 2002 | 0.3% | 2.24% |
| 2001 | 0.32% | 2.5% |
| 2000 | 0.33% | 2.82% |
| 1999 | 0.34% | 2.71% |
| 1998 | 0.33% | 2.63% |
| 1997 | 0.33% | 2.25% |
| 1996 | 0.34% | 2% |
| 1995 | 0.36% | 2.78% |
| 1994 | 0.41% | 3.46% |
| 1993 | 0.51% | 4.13% |
| 1992 | 0.64% | 3.9% |
| 1991 | 0.81% | 2.96% |
| 1990 | 0.94% | 2.57% |
| 1989 | 0.96% | 2.54% |
| 1988 | 0.94% | 2.93% |
| 1987 | 0.89% | 2.92% |
| 1986 | 0.86% | 2.92% |
| 1985 | 0.83% | 2.93% |
| 1984 | 0.82% | 2.92% |
| 1983 | 0.79% | 2.92% |
| 1982 | 0.64% | 2.92% |
| 1981 | 0.45% | 2.91% |
| 1980 | 0.42% | 2.88% |
| 1979 | 0.53% | 2.88% |
| 1978 | 0.66% | 2.88% |
| 1977 | 0.81% | 2.92% |
| 1976 | 0.97% | 2.98% |
| 1975 | 1.13% | 2.99% |
| 1974 | 1.28% | 3.02% |
| 1973 | 1.44% | 3.04% |
| 1972 | 1.61% | 3.06% |
| 1971 | 1.75% | 3.08% |
| 1970 | 1.82% | 3.1% |
| 1969 | 1.85% | 3.09% |
| 1968 | 1.88% | 3.08% |
| 1967 | 1.94% | 3.05% |
| 1966 | 2.03% | 2.99% |
| 1965 | 2.09% | 2.93% |
| 1964 | 2.13% | 2.86% |
| 1963 | 2.13% | 2.79% |
| 1962 | 2.08% | 2.72% |
| 1961 | 2.06% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/mauritania | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Cuba declined by 0.36%, while Mauritania's population grew by 2.93%.
Live population counters
|
Cuba
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
10894785
|
5505206
|
| Population rank | 90/197 | 122/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.13% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
13.1 minutes
|
3.58 minutes
|
| One birth every |
5.48 minutes
|
3.04 minutes
|
| One death every |
4.7 minutes
|
19 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -110 | +403 |
| Annual growth/decline | -40,148 | +146,954 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.36% | +2.93% |
| Population growth rate rank | 182/197 | 17/197 |
| One migration net change every |
23.7 minutes
|
1.74 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -22,244 | -5,044 |
| Net migration rank | 153/196 | 115/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,144 | 195,937 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 193/195 | 113/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.12% | 3.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 191/195 | 107/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cuba
|
Mauritania
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -22,244 | - | -5,044 |
| 2024 | - | -22,356 | - | -2,185 |
| 2023 | -15,880 | -22,797 | 145,164 | 2,999 |
| 2022 | -17,961 | -23,149 | 142,451 | 2,999 |
| 2021 | -71,616 | -11,976 | 137,557 | -1,483 |
| 2020 | -12,808 | -11,976 | 134,899 | -1,483 |
| 2019 | -4,245 | -23,955 | 134,460 | -3,019 |
| 2018 | 3,436 | -23,779 | 131,584 | -2,987 |
| 2017 | 2,306 | -23,394 | 128,562 | -3,001 |
| 2016 | 9,677 | -24,146 | 125,342 | -3,008 |
| 2015 | 20,464 | -24,910 | 122,092 | -3,019 |
| 2014 | 22,448 | -39,426 | 118,792 | -2,980 |
| 2013 | 29,827 | -37,619 | 115,558 | -2,987 |
| 2012 | 33,864 | -36,101 | 113,489 | 4,515 |
| 2011 | 40,753 | -35,313 | 111,165 | 3,272 |
| 2010 | 37,021 | -34,121 | 108,121 | 1,128 |
| 2009 | 37,543 | -35,063 | 105,273 | -1,481 |
| 2008 | 32,848 | -29,427 | 102,432 | -3,860 |
| 2007 | 24,617 | -19,050 | 98,895 | -17,048 |
| 2006 | 24,508 | -12,619 | 94,991 | -18,033 |
| 2005 | 36,660 | -16,561 | 90,940 | -18,693 |
| 2004 | 44,258 | -16,776 | 87,578 | -19,042 |
| 2003 | 56,170 | -24,916 | 83,804 | -19,104 |
| 2002 | 58,212 | -25,535 | 80,993 | -18,903 |
| 2001 | 57,325 | -23,442 | 78,769 | -21,067 |
| 2000 | 61,133 | -24,980 | 75,929 | -2,997 |
| 1999 | 69,069 | -31,456 | 73,554 | -2,999 |
| 1998 | 71,284 | -33,863 | 72,045 | -8,504 |
| 1997 | 71,828 | -35,712 | 71,327 | -8,187 |
| 1996 | 61,837 | -26,105 | 71,939 | -28,840 |
| 1995 | 66,809 | -29,235 | 72,244 | -22,997 |
| 1994 | 68,604 | -27,501 | 70,570 | 5,304 |
| 1993 | 73,221 | -24,358 | 68,167 | 6,217 |
| 1992 | 83,461 | -21,867 | 63,501 | 34,505 |
| 1991 | 95,398 | -20,665 | 61,782 | -2,997 |
| 1990 | 112,378 | -15,438 | 59,934 | -3,000 |
| 1989 | 114,865 | -14,705 | 58,666 | -17,941 |
| 1988 | 116,626 | -15,474 | 56,654 | -2,997 |
| 1987 | 109,617 | -16,290 | 55,037 | -2,998 |
| 1986 | 105,997 | -17,146 | 53,313 | -2,998 |
| 1985 | 103,228 | -18,048 | 52,125 | -2,998 |
| 1984 | 101,670 | -18,994 | 50,705 | -2,998 |
| 1983 | 101,858 | -19,994 | 49,187 | -2,998 |
| 1982 | 95,866 | -21,055 | 47,947 | -2,998 |
| 1981 | 74,067 | -22,159 | 46,641 | -2,998 |
| 1980 | 74,271 | -37,114 | 45,026 | -2,997 |
| 1979 | 81,192 | -35,473 | 43,537 | -2,997 |
| 1978 | 86,864 | -29,839 | 42,539 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 106,875 | -36,811 | 41,352 | -2,999 |
| 1976 | 125,383 | -41,042 | 40,149 | -1,645 |
| 1975 | 144,964 | -46,268 | 38,975 | -1,472 |
| 1974 | 165,099 | -52,697 | 38,106 | -1,321 |
| 1973 | 177,387 | -52,073 | 37,122 | -1,201 |
| 1972 | 187,588 | -50,031 | 36,184 | -1,139 |
| 1971 | 195,106 | -43,056 | 35,279 | -1,014 |
| 1970 | 201,823 | -44,466 | 34,382 | -855 |
| 1969 | 205,581 | -47,446 | 33,252 | -688 |
| 1968 | 205,487 | -49,387 | 32,029 | -565 |
| 1967 | 207,245 | -49,556 | 30,853 | -514 |
| 1966 | 209,179 | -48,509 | 29,502 | -466 |
| 1965 | 211,322 | -46,683 | 28,028 | -434 |
| 1964 | 209,315 | -44,406 | 26,565 | -390 |
| 1963 | 205,788 | -41,979 | 25,250 | -362 |
| 1962 | 196,423 | -39,116 | 23,927 | -342 |
| 1961 | 183,806 | -33,163 | 22,781 | -332 |
| 1960 | 172,816 | -25,396 | 21,604 | -318 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/mauritania | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 21.9% of the population change in Cuba is from natural causes (a loss of 64,179 people) and 78.1% is from migration (a loss of 229,508 people). In Mauritania 98.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people).
As of 2024, 2,144 residents or 0.12% of the population were not native-born in Cuba, compared to 195,937 people or 3.8% in Mauritania.
Biggest cities by population
|
Cuba
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Havana | 2.49M |
| Santiago de Cuba | 445K |
| Holguin | 350K |
| Camaguey | 322K |
| Santa Clara | 247K |
| Bayamo | 235K |
| Guantanamo | 228K |
| Las Tunas | 202K |
| Pinar del Rio | 189K |
| Cienfuegos | 165K |
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Cuba and Mauritania
|
Cuba
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.6 years | 69.2 years |
| Average age | 42 years | 23 years |
| Median age | 43.1 years | 18.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.3:50.7 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.44 births per woman | 4.7 births per woman |
| Population density | 271.8 ppl/mi² | 13.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/mauritania | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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