The latest officially reported population of Cuba was 10,937,203 in 2025 vs 838,645 people in the Solomon Islands in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Cuba's population is 10,893,750 people compared to 868,694 in the Solomon Islands.
Population statistics:
- Cuba's population is 12.5 times bigger than the Solomon Islands'.
- Cuba is ranked the 90th most populous country in the world, while the Solomon Islands is the 161st.
- The countries together account for 0.14% of the world: 0.13% for Cuba vs 0.01% for the Solomon Islands.
- For the last 10 years, Cuba has had an average growth rate of -0.28% per year vs +2.83% in the Solomon Islands.
- Since 2006, the population of Cuba has decreased from 11.3M people to 10.9M (3.41% decline), while the Solomon Islands has grown from 492K to 869K (76.7% growth).
Cuba vs Solomon Islands: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Cuba
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
| 2100 | 5,596,187 | 1,869,132 |
| 2099 | 5,656,838 | 1,865,051 |
| 2098 | 5,718,102 | 1,860,822 |
| 2097 | 5,780,020 | 1,856,197 |
| 2096 | 5,842,669 | 1,851,361 |
| 2095 | 5,906,190 | 1,846,006 |
| 2094 | 5,970,237 | 1,840,576 |
| 2093 | 6,035,281 | 1,834,659 |
| 2092 | 6,101,080 | 1,828,323 |
| 2091 | 6,167,568 | 1,821,781 |
| 2090 | 6,235,130 | 1,814,933 |
| 2089 | 6,303,623 | 1,807,885 |
| 2088 | 6,372,772 | 1,800,523 |
| 2087 | 6,442,801 | 1,792,919 |
| 2086 | 6,513,670 | 1,784,993 |
| 2085 | 6,585,155 | 1,776,798 |
| 2084 | 6,656,872 | 1,768,230 |
| 2083 | 6,728,883 | 1,759,388 |
| 2082 | 6,801,349 | 1,750,221 |
| 2081 | 6,873,815 | 1,740,741 |
| 2080 | 6,946,429 | 1,730,900 |
| 2079 | 7,019,056 | 1,720,938 |
| 2078 | 7,091,740 | 1,710,578 |
| 2077 | 7,164,594 | 1,699,838 |
| 2076 | 7,237,317 | 1,688,671 |
| 2075 | 7,310,377 | 1,677,384 |
| 2074 | 7,383,925 | 1,665,984 |
| 2073 | 7,457,892 | 1,654,063 |
| 2072 | 7,532,809 | 1,641,845 |
| 2071 | 7,608,382 | 1,629,270 |
| 2070 | 7,685,405 | 1,616,540 |
| 2069 | 7,763,655 | 1,603,485 |
| 2068 | 7,843,062 | 1,590,112 |
| 2067 | 7,924,000 | 1,576,525 |
| 2066 | 8,006,242 | 1,562,815 |
| 2065 | 8,090,113 | 1,548,873 |
| 2064 | 8,175,374 | 1,534,676 |
| 2063 | 8,261,758 | 1,520,167 |
| 2062 | 8,349,557 | 1,505,610 |
| 2061 | 8,438,278 | 1,490,754 |
| 2060 | 8,527,958 | 1,475,849 |
| 2059 | 8,617,968 | 1,460,639 |
| 2058 | 8,707,935 | 1,445,210 |
| 2057 | 8,797,858 | 1,429,794 |
| 2056 | 8,887,718 | 1,414,149 |
| 2055 | 8,976,800 | 1,398,271 |
| 2054 | 9,065,272 | 1,382,259 |
| 2053 | 9,152,380 | 1,366,025 |
| 2052 | 9,238,015 | 1,349,539 |
| 2051 | 9,322,135 | 1,332,975 |
| 2050 | 9,404,588 | 1,316,163 |
| 2049 | 9,485,665 | 1,299,210 |
| 2048 | 9,564,698 | 1,282,103 |
| 2047 | 9,642,488 | 1,264,854 |
| 2046 | 9,718,631 | 1,247,457 |
| 2045 | 9,792,929 | 1,229,853 |
| 2044 | 9,865,430 | 1,212,131 |
| 2043 | 9,936,492 | 1,194,206 |
| 2042 | 10,005,604 | 1,176,128 |
| 2041 | 10,073,038 | 1,158,032 |
| 2040 | 10,138,405 | 1,139,694 |
| 2039 | 10,202,047 | 1,120,879 |
| 2038 | 10,263,612 | 1,101,654 |
| 2037 | 10,324,081 | 1,082,017 |
| 2036 | 10,382,560 | 1,062,068 |
| 2035 | 10,439,517 | 1,041,799 |
| 2034 | 10,495,362 | 1,021,368 |
| 2033 | 10,549,819 | 1,000,876 |
| 2032 | 10,602,742 | 980,211 |
| 2031 | 10,654,301 | 959,672 |
| 2030 | 10,704,828 | 939,186 |
| 2029 | 10,754,241 | 918,810 |
| 2028 | 10,802,022 | 898,552 |
| 2027 | 10,848,290 | 878,392 |
| 2026 | 10,893,750 | 858,453 |
| 2025 | 10,937,203 | 838,645 |
| 2024 | 10,979,783 | 819,198 |
| 2023 | 11,019,931 | 800,005 |
| 2022 | 11,059,820 | 781,066 |
| 2021 | 11,122,168 | 762,591 |
| 2020 | 11,176,354 | 744,498 |
| 2019 | 11,202,846 | 728,147 |
| 2018 | 11,227,118 | 709,101 |
| 2017 | 11,247,829 | 685,672 |
| 2016 | 11,265,612 | 662,379 |
| 2015 | 11,275,065 | 639,415 |
| 2014 | 11,285,775 | 616,908 |
| 2013 | 11,298,167 | 594,945 |
| 2012 | 11,303,175 | 573,606 |
| 2011 | 11,301,571 | 552,945 |
| 2010 | 11,297,409 | 532,968 |
| 2009 | 11,294,719 | 518,141 |
| 2008 | 11,291,762 | 508,790 |
| 2007 | 11,287,272 | 500,156 |
| 2006 | 11,278,550 | 491,594 |
| 2005 | 11,262,554 | 483,080 |
| 2004 | 11,238,756 | 474,611 |
| 2003 | 11,209,383 | 466,154 |
| 2002 | 11,177,418 | 457,671 |
| 2001 | 11,144,132 | 449,125 |
| 2000 | 11,109,109 | 440,469 |
| 1999 | 11,072,230 | 430,500 |
| 1998 | 11,034,712 | 419,071 |
| 1997 | 10,997,934 | 407,474 |
| 1996 | 10,962,010 | 396,009 |
| 1995 | 10,925,362 | 384,733 |
| 1994 | 10,886,021 | 373,675 |
| 1993 | 10,841,031 | 362,839 |
| 1992 | 10,785,801 | 352,205 |
| 1991 | 10,717,640 | 341,738 |
| 1990 | 10,631,799 | 331,435 |
| 1989 | 10,533,243 | 321,282 |
| 1988 | 10,432,585 | 311,265 |
| 1987 | 10,335,342 | 301,414 |
| 1986 | 10,244,247 | 291,842 |
| 1985 | 10,157,228 | 282,455 |
| 1984 | 10,073,299 | 273,163 |
| 1983 | 9,991,026 | 264,068 |
| 1982 | 9,912,681 | 255,200 |
| 1981 | 9,849,320 | 246,555 |
| 1980 | 9,804,796 | 238,135 |
| 1979 | 9,763,355 | 229,953 |
| 1978 | 9,711,980 | 222,029 |
| 1977 | 9,648,440 | 214,418 |
| 1976 | 9,571,242 | 207,194 |
| 1975 | 9,479,726 | 200,744 |
| 1974 | 9,374,183 | 195,041 |
| 1973 | 9,255,328 | 189,774 |
| 1972 | 9,123,891 | 184,994 |
| 1971 | 8,979,085 | 180,637 |
| 1970 | 8,824,382 | 176,579 |
| 1969 | 8,666,640 | 172,476 |
| 1968 | 8,509,522 | 168,282 |
| 1967 | 8,352,625 | 164,245 |
| 1966 | 8,193,450 | 160,393 |
| 1965 | 8,030,797 | 156,686 |
| 1964 | 7,866,020 | 153,085 |
| 1963 | 7,701,660 | 149,589 |
| 1962 | 7,541,098 | 146,201 |
| 1961 | 7,387,117 | 142,912 |
| 1960 | 7,238,081 | 139,688 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/solomon-islands | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Cuba decreased by 12,938 people (a 0.11% decline), while the Solomon Islands gained 170,785 people (a 34.7% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Cuba lost 371,862 people (a 3.3% decline), while the Solomon Islands' population increased by 206,315 people (a 31.1% growth).
Cuba was ranked 73rd most populous country in 2006 and is 90th in 2026. The Solomon Islands was ranked 165th in 2006 and ranked 161st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Cuba's population will shrink by 13.7% to 9,404,588 people with a rank change from 90th to 104th. The population of the Solomon Islands will increase by 51.5% to 1,316,163 people and rank change from 161st to 156th.
The Solomon Islands is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 1.87M people, while Cuba's population already peaked in 2012 at 11.3M people and is projected to decrease to 5.6M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Cuba
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
| 2100 | -1.07% | 0.22% |
| 2099 | -1.07% | 0.23% |
| 2098 | -1.07% | 0.25% |
| 2097 | -1.07% | 0.26% |
| 2096 | -1.08% | 0.29% |
| 2095 | -1.07% | 0.29% |
| 2094 | -1.08% | 0.32% |
| 2093 | -1.08% | 0.35% |
| 2092 | -1.08% | 0.36% |
| 2091 | -1.08% | 0.38% |
| 2090 | -1.09% | 0.39% |
| 2089 | -1.09% | 0.41% |
| 2088 | -1.09% | 0.42% |
| 2087 | -1.09% | 0.44% |
| 2086 | -1.09% | 0.46% |
| 2085 | -1.08% | 0.48% |
| 2084 | -1.07% | 0.5% |
| 2083 | -1.07% | 0.52% |
| 2082 | -1.05% | 0.54% |
| 2081 | -1.05% | 0.57% |
| 2080 | -1.03% | 0.58% |
| 2079 | -1.02% | 0.61% |
| 2078 | -1.02% | 0.63% |
| 2077 | -1% | 0.66% |
| 2076 | -1% | 0.67% |
| 2075 | -1% | 0.68% |
| 2074 | -0.99% | 0.72% |
| 2073 | -0.99% | 0.74% |
| 2072 | -0.99% | 0.77% |
| 2071 | -1% | 0.79% |
| 2070 | -1.01% | 0.81% |
| 2069 | -1.01% | 0.84% |
| 2068 | -1.02% | 0.86% |
| 2067 | -1.03% | 0.88% |
| 2066 | -1.04% | 0.9% |
| 2065 | -1.04% | 0.93% |
| 2064 | -1.05% | 0.95% |
| 2063 | -1.05% | 0.97% |
| 2062 | -1.05% | 1% |
| 2061 | -1.05% | 1.01% |
| 2060 | -1.04% | 1.04% |
| 2059 | -1.03% | 1.07% |
| 2058 | -1.02% | 1.08% |
| 2057 | -1.01% | 1.11% |
| 2056 | -0.99% | 1.14% |
| 2055 | -0.98% | 1.16% |
| 2054 | -0.95% | 1.19% |
| 2053 | -0.93% | 1.22% |
| 2052 | -0.9% | 1.24% |
| 2051 | -0.88% | 1.28% |
| 2050 | -0.85% | 1.3% |
| 2049 | -0.83% | 1.33% |
| 2048 | -0.81% | 1.36% |
| 2047 | -0.78% | 1.39% |
| 2046 | -0.76% | 1.43% |
| 2045 | -0.73% | 1.46% |
| 2044 | -0.72% | 1.5% |
| 2043 | -0.69% | 1.54% |
| 2042 | -0.67% | 1.56% |
| 2041 | -0.64% | 1.61% |
| 2040 | -0.62% | 1.68% |
| 2039 | -0.6% | 1.75% |
| 2038 | -0.59% | 1.81% |
| 2037 | -0.56% | 1.88% |
| 2036 | -0.55% | 1.95% |
| 2035 | -0.53% | 2% |
| 2034 | -0.52% | 2.05% |
| 2033 | -0.5% | 2.11% |
| 2032 | -0.48% | 2.14% |
| 2031 | -0.47% | 2.18% |
| 2030 | -0.46% | 2.22% |
| 2029 | -0.44% | 2.25% |
| 2028 | -0.43% | 2.3% |
| 2027 | -0.42% | 2.32% |
| 2026 | -0.4% | 2.36% |
| 2025 | -0.39% | 2.37% |
| 2024 | -0.36% | 2.4% |
| 2023 | -0.36% | 2.42% |
| 2022 | -0.56% | 2.42% |
| 2021 | -0.48% | 2.43% |
| 2020 | -0.24% | 2.25% |
| 2019 | -0.22% | 2.69% |
| 2018 | -0.18% | 3.42% |
| 2017 | -0.16% | 3.52% |
| 2016 | -0.08% | 3.59% |
| 2015 | -0.09% | 3.65% |
| 2014 | -0.11% | 3.69% |
| 2013 | -0.04% | 3.72% |
| 2012 | 0.01% | 3.74% |
| 2011 | 0.04% | 3.75% |
| 2010 | 0.02% | 2.86% |
| 2009 | 0.03% | 1.84% |
| 2008 | 0.04% | 1.73% |
| 2007 | 0.08% | 1.74% |
| 2006 | 0.14% | 1.76% |
| 2005 | 0.21% | 1.78% |
| 2004 | 0.26% | 1.81% |
| 2003 | 0.29% | 1.85% |
| 2002 | 0.3% | 1.9% |
| 2001 | 0.32% | 1.97% |
| 2000 | 0.33% | 2.32% |
| 1999 | 0.34% | 2.73% |
| 1998 | 0.33% | 2.85% |
| 1997 | 0.33% | 2.9% |
| 1996 | 0.34% | 2.93% |
| 1995 | 0.36% | 2.96% |
| 1994 | 0.41% | 2.99% |
| 1993 | 0.51% | 3.02% |
| 1992 | 0.64% | 3.06% |
| 1991 | 0.81% | 3.11% |
| 1990 | 0.94% | 3.16% |
| 1989 | 0.96% | 3.22% |
| 1988 | 0.94% | 3.27% |
| 1987 | 0.89% | 3.28% |
| 1986 | 0.86% | 3.32% |
| 1985 | 0.83% | 3.4% |
| 1984 | 0.82% | 3.44% |
| 1983 | 0.79% | 3.47% |
| 1982 | 0.64% | 3.51% |
| 1981 | 0.45% | 3.54% |
| 1980 | 0.42% | 3.56% |
| 1979 | 0.53% | 3.57% |
| 1978 | 0.66% | 3.55% |
| 1977 | 0.81% | 3.49% |
| 1976 | 0.97% | 3.21% |
| 1975 | 1.13% | 2.92% |
| 1974 | 1.28% | 2.78% |
| 1973 | 1.44% | 2.58% |
| 1972 | 1.61% | 2.41% |
| 1971 | 1.75% | 2.3% |
| 1970 | 1.82% | 2.38% |
| 1969 | 1.85% | 2.49% |
| 1968 | 1.88% | 2.46% |
| 1967 | 1.94% | 2.4% |
| 1966 | 2.03% | 2.37% |
| 1965 | 2.09% | 2.35% |
| 1964 | 2.13% | 2.34% |
| 1963 | 2.13% | 2.32% |
| 1962 | 2.08% | 2.3% |
| 1961 | 2.06% | 2.31% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/solomon-islands | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Cuba declined by 0.39%, while the Solomon Islands' population grew by 2.37%.
Live population counters
|
Cuba
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
10893750
|
868694
|
| Population rank | 90/197 | 161/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.13% | 0.01% |
| One net population change |
12.4 minutes
|
27.1 minutes
|
| One birth every |
5.55 minutes
|
24 minutes
|
| One death every |
4.61 minutes
|
2.1 hours
|
| Daily growth/decline | -117 | +53 |
| Annual growth/decline | -42,580 | +19,447 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.39% | +2.37% |
| Population growth rate rank | 180/197 | 32/197 |
| One migration net change every |
23.7 minutes
|
5.39 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -22,244 | +1,631 |
| Net migration rank | 153/196 | 59/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 2,144 | 2,469 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 193/195 | 192/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.12% | 0.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 191/195 | 184/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Cuba
|
Solomon Islands
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -22,244 | - | 1,631 |
| 2024 | -19,270 | -22,356 | 17,715 | 1,610 |
| 2023 | -15,880 | -22,797 | 17,436 | 1,636 |
| 2022 | -17,961 | -23,149 | 17,253 | 1,567 |
| 2021 | -71,616 | -11,976 | 16,626 | 1,499 |
| 2020 | -12,808 | -11,976 | 16,488 | 1,556 |
| 2019 | -4,245 | -23,955 | 16,649 | -1,990 |
| 2018 | 3,436 | -23,779 | 16,790 | 6,653 |
| 2017 | 2,306 | -23,394 | 16,897 | 6,513 |
| 2016 | 9,677 | -24,146 | 17,027 | 6,146 |
| 2015 | 20,464 | -24,910 | 16,909 | 5,853 |
| 2014 | 22,448 | -39,426 | 16,652 | 5,598 |
| 2013 | 29,827 | -37,619 | 16,038 | 5,631 |
| 2012 | 33,864 | -36,101 | 15,585 | 5,420 |
| 2011 | 40,753 | -35,313 | 15,095 | 5,219 |
| 2010 | 37,021 | -34,121 | 14,604 | 5,040 |
| 2009 | 37,543 | -35,063 | 14,381 | -4,360 |
| 2008 | 32,848 | -29,427 | 14,225 | -5,538 |
| 2007 | 24,617 | -19,050 | 13,963 | -5,383 |
| 2006 | 24,508 | -12,619 | 13,799 | -5,262 |
| 2005 | 36,660 | -16,561 | 13,568 | -5,082 |
| 2004 | 44,258 | -16,776 | 13,444 | -4,985 |
| 2003 | 56,170 | -24,916 | 13,344 | -4,881 |
| 2002 | 58,212 | -25,535 | 13,195 | -4,691 |
| 2001 | 57,325 | -23,442 | 13,061 | -4,474 |
| 2000 | 61,133 | -24,980 | 12,938 | -4,219 |
| 1999 | 69,069 | -31,456 | 12,809 | -1,588 |
| 1998 | 71,284 | -33,863 | 12,658 | -1,019 |
| 1997 | 71,828 | -35,712 | 12,478 | -931 |
| 1996 | 61,837 | -26,105 | 12,328 | -947 |
| 1995 | 66,809 | -29,235 | 12,124 | -952 |
| 1994 | 68,604 | -27,501 | 11,771 | -828 |
| 1993 | 73,221 | -24,358 | 11,396 | -665 |
| 1992 | 83,461 | -21,867 | 11,029 | -482 |
| 1991 | 95,398 | -20,665 | 10,789 | -410 |
| 1990 | 112,378 | -15,438 | 10,561 | -335 |
| 1989 | 114,865 | -14,705 | 10,354 | -270 |
| 1988 | 116,626 | -15,474 | 10,142 | -197 |
| 1987 | 109,617 | -16,290 | 9,943 | -179 |
| 1986 | 105,997 | -17,146 | 9,656 | -269 |
| 1985 | 103,228 | -18,048 | 9,534 | -150 |
| 1984 | 101,670 | -18,994 | 9,299 | -102 |
| 1983 | 101,858 | -19,994 | 9,011 | -30 |
| 1982 | 95,866 | -21,055 | 8,720 | 40 |
| 1981 | 74,067 | -22,159 | 8,436 | 99 |
| 1980 | 74,271 | -37,114 | 8,156 | 151 |
| 1979 | 81,192 | -35,473 | 7,874 | 188 |
| 1978 | 86,864 | -29,839 | 7,598 | 174 |
| 1977 | 106,875 | -36,811 | 7,290 | 159 |
| 1976 | 125,383 | -41,042 | 7,058 | -48 |
| 1975 | 144,964 | -46,268 | 6,635 | -760 |
| 1974 | 165,099 | -52,697 | 6,612 | -1,084 |
| 1973 | 177,387 | -52,073 | 6,343 | -1,329 |
| 1972 | 187,588 | -50,031 | 6,074 | -1,520 |
| 1971 | 195,106 | -43,056 | 5,814 | -1,646 |
| 1970 | 201,823 | -44,466 | 5,575 | -1,632 |
| 1969 | 205,581 | -47,446 | 5,444 | -1,187 |
| 1968 | 205,487 | -49,387 | 5,285 | -1,154 |
| 1967 | 207,245 | -49,556 | 5,151 | -1,213 |
| 1966 | 209,179 | -48,509 | 5,028 | -1,256 |
| 1965 | 211,322 | -46,683 | 4,885 | -1,237 |
| 1964 | 209,315 | -44,406 | 4,747 | -1,200 |
| 1963 | 205,788 | -41,979 | 4,571 | -1,129 |
| 1962 | 196,423 | -39,116 | 4,408 | -1,073 |
| 1961 | 183,806 | -33,163 | 4,257 | -1,016 |
| 1960 | 172,816 | -25,396 | 4,119 | -917 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/solomon-islands | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 33.3% of the population change in Cuba is from natural causes (a loss of 105,897 people) and 66.7% is from migration (a loss of 212,438 people). In the Solomon Islands 84.5% is from natural causes (a gain of 169,790 people) and 15.5% is from migration (a gain of 31,043 people).
As of 2024, 2,144 residents or 0.12% of the population were not native-born in Cuba, compared to 2,469 people or 0.3% in the Solomon Islands.
Biggest cities by population
|
Cuba
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Havana | 2.49M |
| Santiago de Cuba | 506K |
| Holguin | 350K |
| Camaguey | 322K |
| Santa Clara | 247K |
| Bayamo | 235K |
| Guantanamo | 228K |
| Las Tunas | 202K |
| Pinar del Rio | 189K |
| Cienfuegos | 165K |
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Honiara | 84.5K |
| Auki | 6.81K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Cuba and the Solomon Islands
|
Cuba
|
Solomon Islands
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.6 years | 71 years |
| Average age | 42.4 years | 25.7 years |
| Median age | 43.4 years | 21.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.3:50.7 | 51.1:48.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.45 births per woman | 3.51 births per woman |
| Population density | 271.8 ppl/mi² | 79.4 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/cuba/solomon-islands | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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