The latest officially reported population of Mauritania was 5,169,395 in 2024 vs 24,672,760 people in Syria in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mauritania's population is 5,505,206 people compared to 26,829,400 in Syria.
Population statistics:
- Syria's population is 4.87 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Mauritania is ranked the 122nd most populous country in the world, while Syria is the 56th.
- The countries together account for 0.39% of the world: 0.07% for Mauritania vs 0.32% for Syria.
- For the last 10 years, Mauritania has had an average growth rate of +3% per year vs +1.25% in Syria.
- Since 2006, the population of Mauritania has increased from 3.01M people to 5.51M (82.7% growth), while Syria has grown from 19.6M to 26.8M (36.6% growth).
Mauritania vs Syria: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mauritania
|
Syria
|
|
| 2100 | 17,309,980 | 44,620,090 |
| 2099 | 17,202,690 | 44,690,260 |
| 2098 | 17,090,030 | 44,750,249 |
| 2097 | 16,975,270 | 44,813,148 |
| 2096 | 16,857,252 | 44,867,740 |
| 2095 | 16,739,240 | 44,895,489 |
| 2094 | 16,617,272 | 44,945,231 |
| 2093 | 16,492,589 | 44,974,311 |
| 2092 | 16,366,098 | 45,003,795 |
| 2091 | 16,235,771 | 45,016,478 |
| 2090 | 16,103,700 | 45,048,083 |
| 2089 | 15,969,059 | 45,047,102 |
| 2088 | 15,831,339 | 45,041,864 |
| 2087 | 15,690,143 | 45,049,516 |
| 2086 | 15,547,605 | 45,068,928 |
| 2085 | 15,403,967 | 45,034,847 |
| 2084 | 15,257,740 | 44,999,929 |
| 2083 | 15,108,271 | 44,971,600 |
| 2082 | 14,958,279 | 44,910,859 |
| 2081 | 14,805,332 | 44,843,908 |
| 2080 | 14,651,508 | 44,744,718 |
| 2079 | 14,496,397 | 44,687,371 |
| 2078 | 14,337,117 | 44,649,760 |
| 2077 | 14,175,812 | 44,604,175 |
| 2076 | 14,013,255 | 44,520,132 |
| 2075 | 13,849,027 | 44,426,423 |
| 2074 | 13,684,146 | 44,328,795 |
| 2073 | 13,517,681 | 44,221,016 |
| 2072 | 13,349,376 | 44,084,262 |
| 2071 | 13,178,237 | 43,939,848 |
| 2070 | 13,007,812 | 43,795,999 |
| 2069 | 12,835,311 | 43,648,130 |
| 2068 | 12,662,862 | 43,465,442 |
| 2067 | 12,487,379 | 43,271,173 |
| 2066 | 12,311,503 | 43,060,752 |
| 2065 | 12,136,616 | 42,810,442 |
| 2064 | 11,958,955 | 42,559,554 |
| 2063 | 11,783,144 | 42,311,907 |
| 2062 | 11,606,044 | 42,062,193 |
| 2061 | 11,428,738 | 41,808,082 |
| 2060 | 11,251,427 | 41,522,274 |
| 2059 | 11,072,236 | 41,208,825 |
| 2058 | 10,892,076 | 40,925,728 |
| 2057 | 10,713,858 | 40,643,453 |
| 2056 | 10,536,935 | 40,332,578 |
| 2055 | 10,358,532 | 40,026,632 |
| 2054 | 10,179,658 | 39,691,425 |
| 2053 | 9,999,712 | 39,348,020 |
| 2052 | 9,819,098 | 39,045,268 |
| 2051 | 9,639,209 | 38,733,827 |
| 2050 | 9,461,249 | 38,410,423 |
| 2049 | 9,283,353 | 38,089,455 |
| 2048 | 9,104,299 | 37,784,449 |
| 2047 | 8,926,851 | 37,492,636 |
| 2046 | 8,748,845 | 37,181,526 |
| 2045 | 8,572,397 | 36,843,579 |
| 2044 | 8,397,189 | 36,526,509 |
| 2043 | 8,222,194 | 36,188,225 |
| 2042 | 8,048,139 | 35,825,419 |
| 2041 | 7,876,803 | 35,447,414 |
| 2040 | 7,706,696 | 35,042,107 |
| 2039 | 7,537,689 | 34,626,945 |
| 2038 | 7,369,184 | 34,183,740 |
| 2037 | 7,202,472 | 33,703,682 |
| 2036 | 7,036,729 | 33,223,843 |
| 2035 | 6,871,981 | 32,696,648 |
| 2034 | 6,708,364 | 32,148,814 |
| 2033 | 6,546,168 | 31,562,427 |
| 2032 | 6,385,827 | 30,967,322 |
| 2031 | 6,227,564 | 30,329,874 |
| 2030 | 6,070,865 | 29,672,629 |
| 2029 | 5,916,516 | 28,949,535 |
| 2028 | 5,764,060 | 28,217,748 |
| 2027 | 5,613,919 | 27,428,807 |
| 2026 | 5,464,898 | 26,607,148 |
| 2025 | 5,317,228 | 25,689,551 |
| 2024 | 5,169,395 | 24,672,760 |
| 2023 | 5,022,441 | 23,594,623 |
| 2022 | 4,875,637 | 22,462,173 |
| 2021 | 4,734,874 | 21,628,839 |
| 2020 | 4,600,131 | 21,049,429 |
| 2019 | 4,467,708 | 20,353,534 |
| 2018 | 4,337,685 | 19,577,845 |
| 2017 | 4,210,600 | 19,224,668 |
| 2016 | 4,086,657 | 19,193,834 |
| 2015 | 3,965,959 | 19,424,618 |
| 2014 | 3,848,514 | 20,273,659 |
| 2013 | 3,734,318 | 21,666,917 |
| 2012 | 3,619,034 | 22,759,763 |
| 2011 | 3,502,811 | 22,878,098 |
| 2010 | 3,390,965 | 22,482,421 |
| 2009 | 3,284,448 | 21,976,969 |
| 2008 | 3,183,269 | 21,636,564 |
| 2007 | 3,093,059 | 20,884,125 |
| 2006 | 3,013,660 | 19,637,022 |
| 2005 | 2,939,059 | 18,814,091 |
| 2004 | 2,868,664 | 18,336,875 |
| 2003 | 2,802,046 | 17,889,296 |
| 2002 | 2,738,655 | 17,468,332 |
| 2001 | 2,678,760 | 17,051,338 |
| 2000 | 2,613,441 | 16,637,888 |
| 1999 | 2,541,698 | 16,228,061 |
| 1998 | 2,474,651 | 15,820,413 |
| 1997 | 2,411,306 | 15,417,542 |
| 1996 | 2,358,188 | 15,018,104 |
| 1995 | 2,312,017 | 14,616,801 |
| 1994 | 2,249,454 | 14,208,583 |
| 1993 | 2,174,328 | 13,795,686 |
| 1992 | 2,088,135 | 13,385,571 |
| 1991 | 2,009,738 | 12,980,821 |
| 1990 | 1,951,878 | 12,579,208 |
| 1989 | 1,903,048 | 12,179,060 |
| 1988 | 1,855,859 | 11,782,264 |
| 1987 | 1,803,014 | 11,388,923 |
| 1986 | 1,751,835 | 11,002,844 |
| 1985 | 1,702,107 | 10,625,672 |
| 1984 | 1,653,693 | 10,258,398 |
| 1983 | 1,606,746 | 9,904,809 |
| 1982 | 1,561,176 | 9,572,511 |
| 1981 | 1,516,877 | 9,260,189 |
| 1980 | 1,474,043 | 8,957,663 |
| 1979 | 1,432,758 | 8,661,909 |
| 1978 | 1,392,713 | 8,372,759 |
| 1977 | 1,353,768 | 8,090,501 |
| 1976 | 1,315,336 | 7,817,320 |
| 1975 | 1,277,330 | 7,554,364 |
| 1974 | 1,240,188 | 7,302,160 |
| 1973 | 1,203,838 | 7,060,321 |
| 1972 | 1,168,355 | 6,826,024 |
| 1971 | 1,133,702 | 6,598,094 |
| 1970 | 1,099,806 | 6,380,609 |
| 1969 | 1,066,754 | 6,175,166 |
| 1968 | 1,034,739 | 5,978,742 |
| 1967 | 1,003,843 | 5,790,198 |
| 1966 | 974,157 | 5,609,047 |
| 1965 | 945,838 | 5,435,267 |
| 1964 | 918,955 | 5,269,087 |
| 1963 | 893,423 | 5,110,467 |
| 1962 | 869,184 | 4,959,340 |
| 1961 | 846,167 | 4,815,466 |
| 1960 | 824,298 | 4,673,500 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/syria | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mauritania increased by 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth), while Syria lost 443,188 people (a 2.26% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mauritania gained 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth), while Syria's population increased by 7,635,566 people (a 39.8% growth).
Mauritania was ranked 132nd most populous country in 2006 and is 122nd in 2026. Syria was ranked 58th in 2006 and ranked 56th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mauritania's population will grow by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people with a rank change from 122nd to 102nd. The population of Syria will increase by 43.2% to 38,410,423 people and rank change from 56th to 53rd.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people compared to the peak of 45.1M people in 2086 for Syria.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Syria
|
|
| 2100 | 0.62% | -0.16% |
| 2099 | 0.66% | -0.13% |
| 2098 | 0.68% | -0.14% |
| 2097 | 0.7% | -0.12% |
| 2096 | 0.7% | -0.06% |
| 2095 | 0.73% | -0.11% |
| 2094 | 0.76% | -0.06% |
| 2093 | 0.77% | -0.07% |
| 2092 | 0.8% | -0.03% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -0.07% |
| 2090 | 0.84% | 0.002% |
| 2089 | 0.87% | 0.01% |
| 2088 | 0.9% | -0.02% |
| 2087 | 0.92% | -0.04% |
| 2086 | 0.93% | 0.08% |
| 2085 | 0.96% | 0.08% |
| 2084 | 0.99% | 0.06% |
| 2083 | 1% | 0.14% |
| 2082 | 1.03% | 0.15% |
| 2081 | 1.05% | 0.22% |
| 2080 | 1.07% | 0.13% |
| 2079 | 1.11% | 0.08% |
| 2078 | 1.14% | 0.1% |
| 2077 | 1.16% | 0.19% |
| 2076 | 1.19% | 0.21% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | 0.22% |
| 2074 | 1.23% | 0.24% |
| 2073 | 1.26% | 0.31% |
| 2072 | 1.3% | 0.33% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | 0.33% |
| 2070 | 1.34% | 0.34% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | 0.42% |
| 2068 | 1.41% | 0.45% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | 0.49% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | 0.58% |
| 2065 | 1.49% | 0.59% |
| 2064 | 1.49% | 0.59% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | 0.59% |
| 2062 | 1.55% | 0.61% |
| 2061 | 1.58% | 0.69% |
| 2060 | 1.62% | 0.76% |
| 2059 | 1.65% | 0.69% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | 0.69% |
| 2057 | 1.68% | 0.77% |
| 2056 | 1.72% | 0.76% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | 0.84% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | 0.87% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | 0.78% |
| 2052 | 1.87% | 0.8% |
| 2051 | 1.88% | 0.84% |
| 2050 | 1.92% | 0.84% |
| 2049 | 1.97% | 0.81% |
| 2048 | 1.99% | 0.78% |
| 2047 | 2.03% | 0.84% |
| 2046 | 2.06% | 0.92% |
| 2045 | 2.09% | 0.87% |
| 2044 | 2.13% | 0.93% |
| 2043 | 2.16% | 1.01% |
| 2042 | 2.18% | 1.07% |
| 2041 | 2.21% | 1.16% |
| 2040 | 2.24% | 1.2% |
| 2039 | 2.29% | 1.3% |
| 2038 | 2.31% | 1.42% |
| 2037 | 2.36% | 1.44% |
| 2036 | 2.4% | 1.61% |
| 2035 | 2.44% | 1.7% |
| 2034 | 2.48% | 1.86% |
| 2033 | 2.51% | 1.92% |
| 2032 | 2.54% | 2.1% |
| 2031 | 2.58% | 2.21% |
| 2030 | 2.61% | 2.5% |
| 2029 | 2.64% | 2.59% |
| 2028 | 2.67% | 2.88% |
| 2027 | 2.73% | 3.09% |
| 2026 | 2.78% | 3.57% |
| 2025 | 2.86% | 4.12% |
| 2024 | 2.93% | 4.57% |
| 2023 | 3.01% | 5.04% |
| 2022 | 2.97% | 3.85% |
| 2021 | 2.93% | 2.75% |
| 2020 | 2.96% | 3.42% |
| 2019 | 3% | 3.96% |
| 2018 | 3.02% | 1.84% |
| 2017 | 3.03% | 0.16% |
| 2016 | 3.04% | -1.19% |
| 2015 | 3.05% | -4.19% |
| 2014 | 3.06% | -6.43% |
| 2013 | 3.19% | -4.8% |
| 2012 | 3.32% | -0.52% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | 1.76% |
| 2010 | 3.24% | 2.3% |
| 2009 | 3.18% | 1.57% |
| 2008 | 2.92% | 3.6% |
| 2007 | 2.63% | 6.35% |
| 2006 | 2.54% | 4.37% |
| 2005 | 2.45% | 2.6% |
| 2004 | 2.38% | 2.5% |
| 2003 | 2.31% | 2.41% |
| 2002 | 2.24% | 2.45% |
| 2001 | 2.5% | 2.48% |
| 2000 | 2.82% | 2.53% |
| 1999 | 2.71% | 2.58% |
| 1998 | 2.63% | 2.61% |
| 1997 | 2.25% | 2.66% |
| 1996 | 2% | 2.75% |
| 1995 | 2.78% | 2.87% |
| 1994 | 3.46% | 2.99% |
| 1993 | 4.13% | 3.06% |
| 1992 | 3.9% | 3.12% |
| 1991 | 2.96% | 3.19% |
| 1990 | 2.57% | 3.29% |
| 1989 | 2.54% | 3.37% |
| 1988 | 2.93% | 3.45% |
| 1987 | 2.92% | 3.51% |
| 1986 | 2.92% | 3.55% |
| 1985 | 2.93% | 3.58% |
| 1984 | 2.92% | 3.57% |
| 1983 | 2.92% | 3.47% |
| 1982 | 2.92% | 3.37% |
| 1981 | 2.91% | 3.38% |
| 1980 | 2.88% | 3.41% |
| 1979 | 2.88% | 3.45% |
| 1978 | 2.88% | 3.49% |
| 1977 | 2.92% | 3.49% |
| 1976 | 2.98% | 3.48% |
| 1975 | 2.99% | 3.45% |
| 1974 | 3.02% | 3.43% |
| 1973 | 3.04% | 3.43% |
| 1972 | 3.06% | 3.45% |
| 1971 | 3.08% | 3.41% |
| 1970 | 3.1% | 3.33% |
| 1969 | 3.09% | 3.29% |
| 1968 | 3.08% | 3.26% |
| 1967 | 3.05% | 3.23% |
| 1966 | 2.99% | 3.2% |
| 1965 | 2.93% | 3.15% |
| 1964 | 2.86% | 3.1% |
| 1963 | 2.79% | 3.05% |
| 1962 | 2.72% | 2.99% |
| 1961 | 2.65% | 3.04% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/syria | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Mauritania grew by 2.93%, while Syria's population grew by 4.57%.
Live population counters
|
Mauritania
|
Syria
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5505206
|
26829400
|
| Population rank | 122/197 | 56/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.32% |
| One net population change |
3.58 minutes
|
29.3 seconds
|
| One birth every |
3.04 minutes
|
1.01 minutes
|
| One death every |
19 minutes
|
4.42 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +403 | +2,954 |
| Annual growth/decline | +146,954 | +1,078,137 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.93% | +4.57% |
| Population growth rate rank | 17/197 | 6/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.74 hours
|
1.25 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,044 | +421,693 |
| Net migration rank | 115/196 | 3/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 195,937 | 896,042 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 113/195 | 64/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.8% | 3.6% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 107/195 | 110/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Syria
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,044 | - | 421,693 |
| 2024 | - | -2,185 | - | 546,494 |
| 2023 | 145,164 | 2,999 | 402,713 | 757,309 |
| 2022 | 142,451 | 2,999 | 369,750 | 735,142 |
| 2021 | 137,557 | -1,483 | 350,560 | 211,220 |
| 2020 | 134,899 | -1,483 | 327,992 | 269,050 |
| 2019 | 134,460 | -3,019 | 293,762 | 500,985 |
| 2018 | 131,584 | -2,987 | 242,530 | 514,102 |
| 2017 | 128,562 | -3,001 | 237,214 | -287,501 |
| 2016 | 125,342 | -3,008 | 236,007 | -124,063 |
| 2015 | 122,092 | -3,019 | 253,977 | -827,496 |
| 2014 | 118,792 | -2,980 | 333,116 | -1,457,679 |
| 2013 | 115,558 | -2,987 | 419,341 | -2,081,303 |
| 2012 | 113,489 | 4,515 | 475,520 | -999,267 |
| 2011 | 111,165 | 3,272 | 543,950 | -256,888 |
| 2010 | 108,121 | 1,128 | 558,666 | -54,359 |
| 2009 | 105,273 | -1,481 | 559,314 | -52,703 |
| 2008 | 102,432 | -3,860 | 576,593 | -402,393 |
| 2007 | 98,895 | -17,048 | 529,162 | 801,514 |
| 2006 | 94,991 | -18,033 | 480,616 | 682,911 |
| 2005 | 90,940 | -18,693 | 468,960 | 13,382 |
| 2004 | 87,578 | -19,042 | 461,209 | 10,881 |
| 2003 | 83,804 | -19,104 | 457,000 | -33,920 |
| 2002 | 80,993 | -18,903 | 453,967 | -35,096 |
| 2001 | 78,769 | -21,067 | 451,503 | -36,383 |
| 2000 | 75,929 | -2,997 | 446,211 | -34,425 |
| 1999 | 73,554 | -2,999 | 439,261 | -31,394 |
| 1998 | 72,045 | -8,504 | 433,447 | -26,025 |
| 1997 | 71,327 | -8,187 | 429,887 | -31,571 |
| 1996 | 71,939 | -28,840 | 430,765 | -30,197 |
| 1995 | 72,244 | -22,997 | 430,172 | -28,122 |
| 1994 | 70,570 | 5,304 | 426,996 | -12,630 |
| 1993 | 68,167 | 6,217 | 420,244 | -8,828 |
| 1992 | 63,501 | 34,505 | 412,878 | -4,063 |
| 1991 | 61,782 | -2,997 | 410,830 | -10,154 |
| 1990 | 59,934 | -3,000 | 409,177 | -6,620 |
| 1989 | 58,666 | -17,941 | 406,111 | -8,379 |
| 1988 | 56,654 | -2,997 | 404,285 | -8,426 |
| 1987 | 55,037 | -2,998 | 399,159 | -8,335 |
| 1986 | 53,313 | -2,998 | 390,821 | -9,485 |
| 1985 | 52,125 | -2,998 | 379,231 | -6,221 |
| 1984 | 50,705 | -2,998 | 366,768 | -5,245 |
| 1983 | 49,187 | -2,998 | 355,375 | -9,729 |
| 1982 | 47,947 | -2,998 | 319,664 | -721 |
| 1981 | 46,641 | -2,998 | 330,237 | -24,536 |
| 1980 | 45,026 | -2,997 | 332,464 | -33,114 |
| 1979 | 43,537 | -2,997 | 324,943 | -32,793 |
| 1978 | 42,539 | -2,998 | 316,724 | -30,567 |
| 1977 | 41,352 | -2,999 | 306,630 | -28,275 |
| 1976 | 40,149 | -1,645 | 294,267 | -26,268 |
| 1975 | 38,975 | -1,472 | 282,299 | -24,389 |
| 1974 | 38,106 | -1,321 | 270,735 | -24,242 |
| 1973 | 37,122 | -1,201 | 254,687 | -17,502 |
| 1972 | 36,184 | -1,139 | 249,027 | -17,610 |
| 1971 | 35,279 | -1,014 | 239,610 | -15,167 |
| 1970 | 34,382 | -855 | 230,117 | -19,594 |
| 1969 | 33,252 | -688 | 219,114 | -18,749 |
| 1968 | 32,029 | -565 | 209,454 | -16,968 |
| 1967 | 30,853 | -514 | 199,223 | -14,618 |
| 1966 | 29,502 | -466 | 191,122 | -13,434 |
| 1965 | 28,028 | -434 | 182,560 | -12,704 |
| 1964 | 26,565 | -390 | 174,549 | -12,044 |
| 1963 | 25,250 | -362 | 166,555 | -11,817 |
| 1962 | 23,927 | -342 | 159,155 | -11,641 |
| 1961 | 22,781 | -332 | 151,485 | -11,237 |
| 1960 | 21,604 | -318 | 143,687 | 0 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/syria | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 98.9% of the population change in Mauritania is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people). In Syria 91.3% is from natural causes (a gain of 3,047,621 people) and 8.72% is from migration (a gain of 291,069 people).
As of 2024, 195,937 residents or 3.8% of the population were not native-born in Mauritania, compared to 896,042 people or 3.6% in Syria.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
|
Syria
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Damascus | 2.69M |
| Aleppo | 2M |
| Homs | 775K |
| Latakia | 709K |
| Hama | 697K |
| Raqqa | 300K |
| Deir ez-Zor | 272K |
| Al-Hasakah | 188K |
| Qamishli | 184K |
| Idlib | 165K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mauritania and Syria
|
Mauritania
|
Syria
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.2 years | 73.4 years |
| Average age | 23 years | 27.8 years |
| Median age | 18.4 years | 23.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 50:50 |
| Fertility rate | 4.7 births per woman | 2.71 births per woman |
| Population density | 13.7 ppl/mi² | 375 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/syria | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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