The latest officially reported population of Italy was 58,952,704 in 2024 vs 5,169,395 people in Mauritania in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Italy's population is 58,562,681 people compared to 5,505,206 in Mauritania.
Population statistics:
- Italy's population is 10.6 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Italy is ranked the 26th most populous country in the world, while Mauritania is the 122nd.
- The countries together account for 0.77% of the world: 0.71% for Italy vs 0.07% for Mauritania.
- For the last 10 years, Italy has had an average growth rate of -0.21% per year vs +3% in Mauritania.
- Since 2006, the population of Italy has increased from 58.4M people to 58.6M (0.28% growth), while Mauritania has grown from 3.01M to 5.51M (82.7% growth).
Italy vs Mauritania: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Italy
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | 35,208,261 | 17,309,980 |
| 2099 | 35,444,989 | 17,202,690 |
| 2098 | 35,676,340 | 17,090,030 |
| 2097 | 35,914,345 | 16,975,270 |
| 2096 | 36,150,501 | 16,857,252 |
| 2095 | 36,386,787 | 16,739,240 |
| 2094 | 36,619,396 | 16,617,272 |
| 2093 | 36,850,181 | 16,492,589 |
| 2092 | 37,089,746 | 16,366,098 |
| 2091 | 37,323,400 | 16,235,771 |
| 2090 | 37,560,976 | 16,103,700 |
| 2089 | 37,802,157 | 15,969,059 |
| 2088 | 38,040,056 | 15,831,339 |
| 2087 | 38,280,439 | 15,690,143 |
| 2086 | 38,517,279 | 15,547,605 |
| 2085 | 38,761,126 | 15,403,967 |
| 2084 | 39,008,873 | 15,257,740 |
| 2083 | 39,255,273 | 15,108,271 |
| 2082 | 39,509,964 | 14,958,279 |
| 2081 | 39,767,732 | 14,805,332 |
| 2080 | 40,030,977 | 14,651,508 |
| 2079 | 40,302,924 | 14,496,397 |
| 2078 | 40,579,648 | 14,337,117 |
| 2077 | 40,860,952 | 14,175,812 |
| 2076 | 41,151,772 | 14,013,255 |
| 2075 | 41,455,646 | 13,849,027 |
| 2074 | 41,779,503 | 13,684,146 |
| 2073 | 42,111,664 | 13,517,681 |
| 2072 | 42,459,257 | 13,349,376 |
| 2071 | 42,814,908 | 13,178,237 |
| 2070 | 43,187,953 | 13,007,812 |
| 2069 | 43,571,469 | 12,835,311 |
| 2068 | 43,964,515 | 12,662,862 |
| 2067 | 44,361,273 | 12,487,379 |
| 2066 | 44,771,926 | 12,311,503 |
| 2065 | 45,197,177 | 12,136,616 |
| 2064 | 45,628,630 | 11,958,955 |
| 2063 | 46,066,216 | 11,783,144 |
| 2062 | 46,517,561 | 11,606,044 |
| 2061 | 46,971,598 | 11,428,738 |
| 2060 | 47,424,830 | 11,251,427 |
| 2059 | 47,879,711 | 11,072,236 |
| 2058 | 48,332,818 | 10,892,076 |
| 2057 | 48,778,066 | 10,713,858 |
| 2056 | 49,222,515 | 10,536,935 |
| 2055 | 49,653,326 | 10,358,532 |
| 2054 | 50,073,600 | 10,179,658 |
| 2053 | 50,488,203 | 9,999,712 |
| 2052 | 50,886,354 | 9,819,098 |
| 2051 | 51,276,616 | 9,639,209 |
| 2050 | 51,663,176 | 9,461,249 |
| 2049 | 52,034,983 | 9,283,353 |
| 2048 | 52,392,012 | 9,104,299 |
| 2047 | 52,745,310 | 8,926,851 |
| 2046 | 53,080,828 | 8,748,845 |
| 2045 | 53,408,660 | 8,572,397 |
| 2044 | 53,723,325 | 8,397,189 |
| 2043 | 54,042,322 | 8,222,194 |
| 2042 | 54,342,628 | 8,048,139 |
| 2041 | 54,629,496 | 7,876,803 |
| 2040 | 54,916,374 | 7,706,696 |
| 2039 | 55,205,078 | 7,537,689 |
| 2038 | 55,481,637 | 7,369,184 |
| 2037 | 55,757,394 | 7,202,472 |
| 2036 | 56,025,224 | 7,036,729 |
| 2035 | 56,295,613 | 6,871,981 |
| 2034 | 56,562,648 | 6,708,364 |
| 2033 | 56,822,364 | 6,546,168 |
| 2032 | 57,078,534 | 6,385,827 |
| 2031 | 57,345,322 | 6,227,564 |
| 2030 | 57,606,120 | 6,070,865 |
| 2029 | 57,851,091 | 5,916,516 |
| 2028 | 58,091,760 | 5,764,060 |
| 2027 | 58,333,039 | 5,613,919 |
| 2026 | 58,562,681 | 5,464,898 |
| 2025 | 58,769,653 | 5,317,228 |
| 2024 | 58,952,704 | 5,169,395 |
| 2023 | 58,984,216 | 5,022,441 |
| 2022 | 59,013,667 | 4,875,637 |
| 2021 | 59,133,173 | 4,734,874 |
| 2020 | 59,438,851 | 4,600,131 |
| 2019 | 59,729,081 | 4,467,708 |
| 2018 | 60,148,658 | 4,337,685 |
| 2017 | 60,002,252 | 4,210,600 |
| 2016 | 60,115,223 | 4,086,657 |
| 2015 | 60,229,605 | 3,965,959 |
| 2014 | 60,320,707 | 3,848,514 |
| 2013 | 60,311,613 | 3,734,318 |
| 2012 | 60,191,247 | 3,619,034 |
| 2011 | 60,026,841 | 3,502,811 |
| 2010 | 59,819,407 | 3,390,965 |
| 2009 | 59,555,454 | 3,284,448 |
| 2008 | 59,211,181 | 3,183,269 |
| 2007 | 58,756,247 | 3,093,059 |
| 2006 | 58,399,861 | 3,013,660 |
| 2005 | 58,166,682 | 2,939,059 |
| 2004 | 57,828,179 | 2,868,664 |
| 2003 | 57,399,184 | 2,802,046 |
| 2002 | 57,089,824 | 2,738,655 |
| 2001 | 56,976,981 | 2,678,760 |
| 2000 | 56,942,108 | 2,613,441 |
| 1999 | 56,916,317 | 2,541,698 |
| 1998 | 56,906,744 | 2,474,651 |
| 1997 | 56,890,372 | 2,411,306 |
| 1996 | 56,860,281 | 2,358,188 |
| 1995 | 56,844,303 | 2,312,017 |
| 1994 | 56,843,400 | 2,249,454 |
| 1993 | 56,831,821 | 2,174,328 |
| 1992 | 56,797,087 | 2,088,135 |
| 1991 | 56,758,521 | 2,009,738 |
| 1990 | 56,719,240 | 1,951,878 |
| 1989 | 56,671,781 | 1,903,048 |
| 1988 | 56,629,288 | 1,855,859 |
| 1987 | 56,601,931 | 1,803,014 |
| 1986 | 56,596,155 | 1,751,835 |
| 1985 | 56,593,071 | 1,702,107 |
| 1984 | 56,576,718 | 1,653,693 |
| 1983 | 56,564,074 | 1,606,746 |
| 1982 | 56,543,548 | 1,561,176 |
| 1981 | 56,501,675 | 1,516,877 |
| 1980 | 56,433,883 | 1,474,043 |
| 1979 | 56,317,749 | 1,432,758 |
| 1978 | 56,155,143 | 1,392,713 |
| 1977 | 55,955,411 | 1,353,768 |
| 1976 | 55,718,260 | 1,315,336 |
| 1975 | 55,441,001 | 1,277,330 |
| 1974 | 55,110,868 | 1,240,188 |
| 1973 | 54,751,406 | 1,203,838 |
| 1972 | 54,381,345 | 1,168,355 |
| 1971 | 54,073,490 | 1,133,702 |
| 1970 | 53,821,850 | 1,099,806 |
| 1969 | 53,537,950 | 1,066,754 |
| 1968 | 53,235,750 | 1,034,739 |
| 1967 | 52,900,500 | 1,003,843 |
| 1966 | 52,519,000 | 974,157 |
| 1965 | 52,112,350 | 945,838 |
| 1964 | 51,675,350 | 918,955 |
| 1963 | 51,252,000 | 893,423 |
| 1962 | 50,879,450 | 869,184 |
| 1961 | 50,536,350 | 846,167 |
| 1960 | 50,199,700 | 824,298 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/mauritania | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Italy increased by 1,715,362 people (a 2.94% growth), while Mauritania gained 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Italy lost 1,552,542 people (a 2.58% decline), while Mauritania's population increased by 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth).
Italy was ranked 23rd most populous country in 2006 and is 26th in 2026. Mauritania was ranked 132nd in 2006 and ranked 122nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Italy's population will shrink by 11.8% to 51,663,176 people with a rank change from 26th to 40th. The population of Mauritania will increase by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people and rank change from 122nd to 102nd.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people, while Italy's population already peaked in 2014 at 60.3M people and is projected to decrease to 35.2M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Italy
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | -0.67% | 0.62% |
| 2099 | -0.65% | 0.66% |
| 2098 | -0.66% | 0.68% |
| 2097 | -0.65% | 0.7% |
| 2096 | -0.65% | 0.7% |
| 2095 | -0.64% | 0.73% |
| 2094 | -0.63% | 0.76% |
| 2093 | -0.65% | 0.77% |
| 2092 | -0.63% | 0.8% |
| 2091 | -0.63% | 0.82% |
| 2090 | -0.64% | 0.84% |
| 2089 | -0.63% | 0.87% |
| 2088 | -0.63% | 0.9% |
| 2087 | -0.61% | 0.92% |
| 2086 | -0.63% | 0.93% |
| 2085 | -0.64% | 0.96% |
| 2084 | -0.63% | 0.99% |
| 2083 | -0.64% | 1% |
| 2082 | -0.65% | 1.03% |
| 2081 | -0.66% | 1.05% |
| 2080 | -0.67% | 1.07% |
| 2079 | -0.68% | 1.11% |
| 2078 | -0.69% | 1.14% |
| 2077 | -0.71% | 1.16% |
| 2076 | -0.73% | 1.19% |
| 2075 | -0.78% | 1.2% |
| 2074 | -0.79% | 1.23% |
| 2073 | -0.82% | 1.26% |
| 2072 | -0.83% | 1.3% |
| 2071 | -0.86% | 1.31% |
| 2070 | -0.88% | 1.34% |
| 2069 | -0.89% | 1.36% |
| 2068 | -0.89% | 1.41% |
| 2067 | -0.92% | 1.43% |
| 2066 | -0.94% | 1.44% |
| 2065 | -0.95% | 1.49% |
| 2064 | -0.95% | 1.49% |
| 2063 | -0.97% | 1.53% |
| 2062 | -0.97% | 1.55% |
| 2061 | -0.96% | 1.58% |
| 2060 | -0.95% | 1.62% |
| 2059 | -0.94% | 1.65% |
| 2058 | -0.91% | 1.66% |
| 2057 | -0.9% | 1.68% |
| 2056 | -0.87% | 1.72% |
| 2055 | -0.84% | 1.76% |
| 2054 | -0.82% | 1.8% |
| 2053 | -0.78% | 1.84% |
| 2052 | -0.76% | 1.87% |
| 2051 | -0.75% | 1.88% |
| 2050 | -0.71% | 1.92% |
| 2049 | -0.68% | 1.97% |
| 2048 | -0.67% | 1.99% |
| 2047 | -0.63% | 2.03% |
| 2046 | -0.61% | 2.06% |
| 2045 | -0.59% | 2.09% |
| 2044 | -0.59% | 2.13% |
| 2043 | -0.55% | 2.16% |
| 2042 | -0.53% | 2.18% |
| 2041 | -0.52% | 2.21% |
| 2040 | -0.52% | 2.24% |
| 2039 | -0.5% | 2.29% |
| 2038 | -0.49% | 2.31% |
| 2037 | -0.48% | 2.36% |
| 2036 | -0.48% | 2.4% |
| 2035 | -0.47% | 2.44% |
| 2034 | -0.46% | 2.48% |
| 2033 | -0.45% | 2.51% |
| 2032 | -0.47% | 2.54% |
| 2031 | -0.45% | 2.58% |
| 2030 | -0.42% | 2.61% |
| 2029 | -0.41% | 2.64% |
| 2028 | -0.41% | 2.67% |
| 2027 | -0.39% | 2.73% |
| 2026 | -0.35% | 2.78% |
| 2025 | -0.31% | 2.86% |
| 2024 | -0.05% | 2.93% |
| 2023 | -0.05% | 3.01% |
| 2022 | -0.2% | 2.97% |
| 2021 | -0.51% | 2.93% |
| 2020 | -0.49% | 2.96% |
| 2019 | -0.7% | 3% |
| 2018 | 0.24% | 3.02% |
| 2017 | -0.19% | 3.03% |
| 2016 | -0.19% | 3.04% |
| 2015 | -0.15% | 3.05% |
| 2014 | 0.02% | 3.06% |
| 2013 | 0.2% | 3.19% |
| 2012 | 0.27% | 3.32% |
| 2011 | 0.35% | 3.3% |
| 2010 | 0.44% | 3.24% |
| 2009 | 0.58% | 3.18% |
| 2008 | 0.77% | 2.92% |
| 2007 | 0.61% | 2.63% |
| 2006 | 0.4% | 2.54% |
| 2005 | 0.59% | 2.45% |
| 2004 | 0.75% | 2.38% |
| 2003 | 0.54% | 2.31% |
| 2002 | 0.2% | 2.24% |
| 2001 | 0.06% | 2.5% |
| 2000 | 0.05% | 2.82% |
| 1999 | 0.02% | 2.71% |
| 1998 | 0.03% | 2.63% |
| 1997 | 0.05% | 2.25% |
| 1996 | 0.03% | 2% |
| 1995 | 0.002% | 2.78% |
| 1994 | 0.02% | 3.46% |
| 1993 | 0.06% | 4.13% |
| 1992 | 0.07% | 3.9% |
| 1991 | 0.07% | 2.96% |
| 1990 | 0.08% | 2.57% |
| 1989 | 0.08% | 2.54% |
| 1988 | 0.05% | 2.93% |
| 1987 | 0.01% | 2.92% |
| 1986 | 0.005% | 2.92% |
| 1985 | 0.03% | 2.93% |
| 1984 | 0.02% | 2.92% |
| 1983 | 0.04% | 2.92% |
| 1982 | 0.07% | 2.92% |
| 1981 | 0.12% | 2.91% |
| 1980 | 0.21% | 2.88% |
| 1979 | 0.29% | 2.88% |
| 1978 | 0.36% | 2.88% |
| 1977 | 0.43% | 2.92% |
| 1976 | 0.5% | 2.98% |
| 1975 | 0.6% | 2.99% |
| 1974 | 0.66% | 3.02% |
| 1973 | 0.68% | 3.04% |
| 1972 | 0.57% | 3.06% |
| 1971 | 0.47% | 3.08% |
| 1970 | 0.53% | 3.1% |
| 1969 | 0.57% | 3.09% |
| 1968 | 0.63% | 3.08% |
| 1967 | 0.73% | 3.05% |
| 1966 | 0.78% | 2.99% |
| 1965 | 0.85% | 2.93% |
| 1964 | 0.83% | 2.86% |
| 1963 | 0.73% | 2.79% |
| 1962 | 0.68% | 2.72% |
| 1961 | 0.67% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/mauritania | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Italy declined by 0.05%, while Mauritania's population grew by 2.93%.
Live population counters
|
Italy
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
58562681
|
5505206
|
| Population rank | 26/197 | 122/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.71% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
16.7 minutes
|
3.58 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.39 minutes
|
3.04 minutes
|
| One death every |
47.7 seconds
|
19 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -86 | +403 |
| Annual growth/decline | -31,512 | +146,954 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.05% | +2.93% |
| Population growth rate rank | 170/197 | 17/197 |
| One migration net change every |
6.99 minutes
|
1.74 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +75,448 | -5,044 |
| Net migration rank | 19/196 | 115/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 6,553,671 | 195,937 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 12/195 | 113/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 11% | 3.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 59/195 | 107/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Italy
|
Mauritania
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 75,448 | - | -5,044 |
| 2024 | - | 95,246 | - | -2,185 |
| 2023 | -283,125 | 150,189 | 145,164 | 2,999 |
| 2022 | -318,674 | 231,228 | 142,451 | 2,999 |
| 2021 | -301,579 | 157,327 | 137,557 | -1,483 |
| 2020 | -338,801 | 85,281 | 134,899 | -1,483 |
| 2019 | -215,025 | 46,634 | 134,460 | -3,019 |
| 2018 | -192,475 | 83,686 | 131,584 | -2,987 |
| 2017 | -192,007 | 95,147 | 128,562 | -3,001 |
| 2016 | -138,265 | 84,568 | 125,342 | -3,008 |
| 2015 | -162,620 | 39,389 | 122,092 | -3,019 |
| 2014 | -96,513 | 52,679 | 118,792 | -2,980 |
| 2013 | -90,468 | 158,090 | 115,558 | -2,987 |
| 2012 | -78,248 | 252,524 | 113,489 | 4,515 |
| 2011 | -48,021 | 198,544 | 111,165 | 3,272 |
| 2010 | -23,928 | 274,387 | 108,121 | 1,128 |
| 2009 | -17,866 | 283,676 | 105,273 | -1,481 |
| 2008 | -11,842 | 422,534 | 102,432 | -3,860 |
| 2007 | -5,876 | 495,092 | 98,895 | -17,048 |
| 2006 | 0 | 215,995 | 94,991 | -18,033 |
| 2005 | -17,450 | 258,702 | 90,940 | -18,693 |
| 2004 | 11,566 | 417,970 | 87,578 | -19,042 |
| 2003 | -40,179 | 478,578 | 83,804 | -19,104 |
| 2002 | -22,836 | 223,861 | 80,993 | -18,903 |
| 2001 | -11,396 | 48,903 | 78,769 | -21,067 |
| 2000 | -17,082 | 56,065 | 75,929 | -2,997 |
| 1999 | -22,766 | 54,405 | 73,554 | -2,999 |
| 1998 | -39,835 | 67,985 | 72,045 | -8,504 |
| 1997 | -22,756 | 50,539 | 71,327 | -8,187 |
| 1996 | -22,744 | 53,450 | 71,939 | -28,840 |
| 1995 | -34,107 | -460,287 | 72,244 | -22,997 |
| 1994 | -17,053 | 502,750 | 70,570 | 5,304 |
| 1993 | 0 | 24,321 | 68,167 | 6,217 |
| 1992 | 22,718 | 51,747 | 63,501 | 34,505 |
| 1991 | 11,352 | 19,721 | 61,782 | -2,997 |
| 1990 | 22,688 | 35,317 | 59,934 | -3,000 |
| 1989 | 28,336 | 19,540 | 58,666 | -17,941 |
| 1988 | 33,977 | 18,553 | 56,654 | -2,997 |
| 1987 | 16,980 | 7,825 | 55,037 | -2,998 |
| 1986 | 11,319 | -6,206 | 53,313 | -2,998 |
| 1985 | 28,297 | 6,911 | 52,125 | -2,998 |
| 1984 | 50,919 | 203 | 50,705 | -2,998 |
| 1983 | 33,939 | -3,733 | 49,187 | -2,998 |
| 1982 | 79,161 | -24,223 | 47,947 | -2,998 |
| 1981 | 73,452 | 7,182 | 46,641 | -2,998 |
| 1980 | 84,650 | 295,642 | 45,026 | -2,997 |
| 1979 | 129,531 | 42,637 | 43,537 | -2,997 |
| 1978 | 168,465 | 43,932 | 42,539 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 190,248 | 42,246 | 41,352 | -2,999 |
| 1976 | 228,445 | 40,885 | 40,149 | -1,645 |
| 1975 | 271,660 | 43,051 | 38,975 | -1,472 |
| 1974 | 336,176 | 42,487 | 38,106 | -1,321 |
| 1973 | 328,508 | 41,631 | 37,122 | -1,201 |
| 1972 | 364,355 | 43,182 | 36,184 | -1,139 |
| 1971 | 383,922 | -58,627 | 35,279 | -1,014 |
| 1970 | 376,753 | -62,216 | 34,382 | -855 |
| 1969 | 390,827 | -45,346 | 33,252 | -688 |
| 1968 | 399,268 | -50,149 | 32,029 | -565 |
| 1967 | 439,074 | -37,992 | 30,853 | -514 |
| 1966 | 488,427 | -35,352 | 29,502 | -466 |
| 1965 | 474,222 | -36,267 | 28,028 | -434 |
| 1964 | 527,089 | -27,368 | 26,565 | -390 |
| 1963 | 440,767 | -28,198 | 25,250 | -362 |
| 1962 | 427,387 | -25,840 | 23,927 | -342 |
| 1961 | 459,880 | -129,761 | 22,781 | -332 |
| 1960 | 426,697 | -140,765 | 21,604 | -318 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/mauritania | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 68.6% of the population change in Italy is from natural causes (a loss of 2,239,084 people) and 31.4% is from migration (a gain of 1,026,128 people). In Mauritania 98.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people).
As of 2024, 6,553,671 residents or 11% of the population were not native-born in Italy, compared to 195,937 people or 3.8% in Mauritania.
Biggest cities by population
|
Italy
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Rome | 2.75M |
| Milan | 1.35M |
| Naples | 913K |
| Turin | 842K |
| Palermo | 630K |
| Genoa | 559K |
| Bologna | 388K |
| Florence | 361K |
| Bari | 315K |
| Catania | 312K |
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Italy and Mauritania
|
Italy
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 84.2 years | 69.2 years |
| Average age | 46.5 years | 23 years |
| Median age | 48.8 years | 18.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.9:51.1 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.2 births per woman | 4.7 births per woman |
| Population density | 513 ppl/mi² | 13.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/italy/mauritania | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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