The latest officially reported population of Iran was 91,567,738 in 2024 vs 5,169,395 people in Mauritania in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Iran's population is 93,468,444 people compared to 5,505,206 in Mauritania.
Population statistics:
- Iran's population is 17 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Iran is ranked the 17th most populous country in the world, while Mauritania is the 122nd.
- The countries together account for 1.19% of the world: 1.13% for Iran vs 0.07% for Mauritania.
- For the last 10 years, Iran has had an average growth rate of +1.19% per year vs +3% in Mauritania.
- Since 2006, the population of Iran has increased from 73.4M people to 93.5M (27.4% growth), while Mauritania has grown from 3.01M to 5.51M (82.7% growth).
Iran vs Mauritania: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Iran
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | 80,713,760 | 17,309,980 |
| 2099 | 81,246,718 | 17,202,690 |
| 2098 | 81,770,953 | 17,090,030 |
| 2097 | 82,295,714 | 16,975,270 |
| 2096 | 82,818,575 | 16,857,252 |
| 2095 | 83,338,446 | 16,739,240 |
| 2094 | 83,854,648 | 16,617,272 |
| 2093 | 84,371,569 | 16,492,589 |
| 2092 | 84,888,626 | 16,366,098 |
| 2091 | 85,410,099 | 16,235,771 |
| 2090 | 85,934,675 | 16,103,700 |
| 2089 | 86,466,409 | 15,969,059 |
| 2088 | 87,004,165 | 15,831,339 |
| 2087 | 87,549,685 | 15,690,143 |
| 2086 | 88,105,571 | 15,547,605 |
| 2085 | 88,668,329 | 15,403,967 |
| 2084 | 89,239,709 | 15,257,740 |
| 2083 | 89,817,194 | 15,108,271 |
| 2082 | 90,402,538 | 14,958,279 |
| 2081 | 90,995,822 | 14,805,332 |
| 2080 | 91,595,122 | 14,651,508 |
| 2079 | 92,196,842 | 14,496,397 |
| 2078 | 92,801,160 | 14,337,117 |
| 2077 | 93,405,954 | 14,175,812 |
| 2076 | 94,007,669 | 14,013,255 |
| 2075 | 94,606,607 | 13,849,027 |
| 2074 | 95,197,577 | 13,684,146 |
| 2073 | 95,783,994 | 13,517,681 |
| 2072 | 96,355,853 | 13,349,376 |
| 2071 | 96,915,335 | 13,178,237 |
| 2070 | 97,460,813 | 13,007,812 |
| 2069 | 97,988,897 | 12,835,311 |
| 2068 | 98,496,927 | 12,662,862 |
| 2067 | 98,978,509 | 12,487,379 |
| 2066 | 99,439,391 | 12,311,503 |
| 2065 | 99,877,457 | 12,136,616 |
| 2064 | 100,288,977 | 11,958,955 |
| 2063 | 100,668,199 | 11,783,144 |
| 2062 | 101,017,348 | 11,606,044 |
| 2061 | 101,332,810 | 11,428,738 |
| 2060 | 101,612,261 | 11,251,427 |
| 2059 | 101,858,931 | 11,072,236 |
| 2058 | 102,061,144 | 10,892,076 |
| 2057 | 102,228,085 | 10,713,858 |
| 2056 | 102,358,266 | 10,536,935 |
| 2055 | 102,449,092 | 10,358,532 |
| 2054 | 102,498,594 | 10,179,658 |
| 2053 | 102,508,245 | 9,999,712 |
| 2052 | 102,480,373 | 9,819,098 |
| 2051 | 102,417,847 | 9,639,209 |
| 2050 | 102,318,917 | 9,461,249 |
| 2049 | 102,189,816 | 9,283,353 |
| 2048 | 102,024,233 | 9,104,299 |
| 2047 | 101,832,213 | 8,926,851 |
| 2046 | 101,613,554 | 8,748,845 |
| 2045 | 101,371,784 | 8,572,397 |
| 2044 | 101,104,998 | 8,397,189 |
| 2043 | 100,818,045 | 8,222,194 |
| 2042 | 100,512,032 | 8,048,139 |
| 2041 | 100,188,214 | 7,876,803 |
| 2040 | 99,849,875 | 7,706,696 |
| 2039 | 99,501,869 | 7,537,689 |
| 2038 | 99,137,385 | 7,369,184 |
| 2037 | 98,759,167 | 7,202,472 |
| 2036 | 98,366,612 | 7,036,729 |
| 2035 | 97,963,082 | 6,871,981 |
| 2034 | 97,546,148 | 6,708,364 |
| 2033 | 97,118,106 | 6,546,168 |
| 2032 | 96,671,440 | 6,385,827 |
| 2031 | 96,204,118 | 6,227,564 |
| 2030 | 95,718,604 | 6,070,865 |
| 2029 | 95,195,996 | 5,916,516 |
| 2028 | 94,623,034 | 5,764,060 |
| 2027 | 93,987,260 | 5,613,919 |
| 2026 | 93,276,075 | 5,464,898 |
| 2025 | 92,478,162 | 5,317,228 |
| 2024 | 91,567,738 | 5,169,395 |
| 2023 | 90,608,707 | 5,022,441 |
| 2022 | 89,524,246 | 4,875,637 |
| 2021 | 88,455,488 | 4,734,874 |
| 2020 | 87,723,443 | 4,600,131 |
| 2019 | 87,051,648 | 4,467,708 |
| 2018 | 86,117,998 | 4,337,685 |
| 2017 | 85,026,754 | 4,210,600 |
| 2016 | 83,812,228 | 4,086,657 |
| 2015 | 82,619,362 | 3,965,959 |
| 2014 | 81,502,045 | 3,848,514 |
| 2013 | 80,414,686 | 3,734,318 |
| 2012 | 79,370,580 | 3,619,034 |
| 2011 | 78,383,598 | 3,502,811 |
| 2010 | 77,420,842 | 3,390,965 |
| 2009 | 76,457,825 | 3,284,448 |
| 2008 | 75,514,204 | 3,183,269 |
| 2007 | 74,602,648 | 3,093,059 |
| 2006 | 73,392,747 | 3,013,660 |
| 2005 | 71,828,455 | 2,939,059 |
| 2004 | 70,256,316 | 2,868,664 |
| 2003 | 68,769,340 | 2,802,046 |
| 2002 | 68,011,317 | 2,738,655 |
| 2001 | 67,452,005 | 2,678,760 |
| 2000 | 66,418,659 | 2,613,441 |
| 1999 | 65,445,391 | 2,541,698 |
| 1998 | 64,519,859 | 2,474,651 |
| 1997 | 63,639,638 | 2,411,306 |
| 1996 | 62,881,300 | 2,358,188 |
| 1995 | 62,205,567 | 2,312,017 |
| 1994 | 61,520,598 | 2,249,454 |
| 1993 | 61,403,543 | 2,174,328 |
| 1992 | 61,184,983 | 2,088,135 |
| 1991 | 59,986,931 | 2,009,738 |
| 1990 | 58,380,092 | 1,951,878 |
| 1989 | 56,704,914 | 1,903,048 |
| 1988 | 55,072,694 | 1,855,859 |
| 1987 | 53,323,493 | 1,803,014 |
| 1986 | 51,446,045 | 1,751,835 |
| 1985 | 49,582,289 | 1,702,107 |
| 1984 | 47,793,998 | 1,653,693 |
| 1983 | 46,029,535 | 1,606,746 |
| 1982 | 44,272,141 | 1,561,176 |
| 1981 | 41,989,312 | 1,516,877 |
| 1980 | 39,842,324 | 1,474,043 |
| 1979 | 38,424,952 | 1,432,758 |
| 1978 | 37,126,535 | 1,392,713 |
| 1977 | 35,933,181 | 1,353,768 |
| 1976 | 34,837,271 | 1,315,336 |
| 1975 | 33,802,973 | 1,277,330 |
| 1974 | 32,796,463 | 1,240,188 |
| 1973 | 31,839,838 | 1,203,838 |
| 1972 | 30,921,179 | 1,168,355 |
| 1971 | 30,029,071 | 1,133,702 |
| 1970 | 29,145,100 | 1,099,806 |
| 1969 | 28,273,482 | 1,066,754 |
| 1968 | 27,437,391 | 1,034,739 |
| 1967 | 26,628,432 | 1,003,843 |
| 1966 | 25,829,270 | 974,157 |
| 1965 | 25,036,978 | 945,838 |
| 1964 | 24,262,859 | 918,955 |
| 1963 | 23,519,005 | 893,423 |
| 1962 | 22,807,907 | 869,184 |
| 1961 | 22,125,726 | 846,167 |
| 1960 | 21,470,434 | 824,298 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/mauritania | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Iran increased by 10,419,481 people (a 14.2% growth), while Mauritania gained 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Iran gained 9,656,216 people (a 11.5% growth), while Mauritania's population increased by 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth).
Iran was ranked 17th most populous country in 2006 and is still 17th in 2026. Mauritania was ranked 132nd in 2006 and ranked 122nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Iran's population will grow by 9.47% to 102,318,917 people with a rank change from 17th to 18th. The population of Mauritania will increase by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people and rank change from 122nd to 102nd.
Iran is projected to reach its peak in 2053 at 103M people compared to the peak of 17.3M people in 2100 for Mauritania.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Iran
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | -0.66% | 0.62% |
| 2099 | -0.64% | 0.66% |
| 2098 | -0.64% | 0.68% |
| 2097 | -0.63% | 0.7% |
| 2096 | -0.62% | 0.7% |
| 2095 | -0.62% | 0.73% |
| 2094 | -0.61% | 0.76% |
| 2093 | -0.61% | 0.77% |
| 2092 | -0.61% | 0.8% |
| 2091 | -0.61% | 0.82% |
| 2090 | -0.61% | 0.84% |
| 2089 | -0.62% | 0.87% |
| 2088 | -0.62% | 0.9% |
| 2087 | -0.63% | 0.92% |
| 2086 | -0.63% | 0.93% |
| 2085 | -0.64% | 0.96% |
| 2084 | -0.64% | 0.99% |
| 2083 | -0.65% | 1% |
| 2082 | -0.65% | 1.03% |
| 2081 | -0.65% | 1.05% |
| 2080 | -0.65% | 1.07% |
| 2079 | -0.65% | 1.11% |
| 2078 | -0.65% | 1.14% |
| 2077 | -0.64% | 1.16% |
| 2076 | -0.63% | 1.19% |
| 2075 | -0.62% | 1.2% |
| 2074 | -0.61% | 1.23% |
| 2073 | -0.59% | 1.26% |
| 2072 | -0.58% | 1.3% |
| 2071 | -0.56% | 1.31% |
| 2070 | -0.54% | 1.34% |
| 2069 | -0.52% | 1.36% |
| 2068 | -0.49% | 1.41% |
| 2067 | -0.46% | 1.43% |
| 2066 | -0.44% | 1.44% |
| 2065 | -0.41% | 1.49% |
| 2064 | -0.38% | 1.49% |
| 2063 | -0.35% | 1.53% |
| 2062 | -0.31% | 1.55% |
| 2061 | -0.28% | 1.58% |
| 2060 | -0.24% | 1.62% |
| 2059 | -0.2% | 1.65% |
| 2058 | -0.16% | 1.66% |
| 2057 | -0.13% | 1.68% |
| 2056 | -0.09% | 1.72% |
| 2055 | -0.05% | 1.76% |
| 2054 | -0.009% | 1.8% |
| 2053 | 0.03% | 1.84% |
| 2052 | 0.06% | 1.87% |
| 2051 | 0.1% | 1.88% |
| 2050 | 0.13% | 1.92% |
| 2049 | 0.16% | 1.97% |
| 2048 | 0.19% | 1.99% |
| 2047 | 0.22% | 2.03% |
| 2046 | 0.24% | 2.06% |
| 2045 | 0.26% | 2.09% |
| 2044 | 0.28% | 2.13% |
| 2043 | 0.3% | 2.16% |
| 2042 | 0.32% | 2.18% |
| 2041 | 0.34% | 2.21% |
| 2040 | 0.35% | 2.24% |
| 2039 | 0.37% | 2.29% |
| 2038 | 0.38% | 2.31% |
| 2037 | 0.4% | 2.36% |
| 2036 | 0.41% | 2.4% |
| 2035 | 0.43% | 2.44% |
| 2034 | 0.44% | 2.48% |
| 2033 | 0.46% | 2.51% |
| 2032 | 0.49% | 2.54% |
| 2031 | 0.51% | 2.58% |
| 2030 | 0.55% | 2.61% |
| 2029 | 0.61% | 2.64% |
| 2028 | 0.68% | 2.67% |
| 2027 | 0.76% | 2.73% |
| 2026 | 0.86% | 2.78% |
| 2025 | 0.99% | 2.86% |
| 2024 | 1.06% | 2.93% |
| 2023 | 1.21% | 3.01% |
| 2022 | 1.21% | 2.97% |
| 2021 | 0.83% | 2.93% |
| 2020 | 0.77% | 2.96% |
| 2019 | 1.08% | 3% |
| 2018 | 1.28% | 3.02% |
| 2017 | 1.45% | 3.03% |
| 2016 | 1.44% | 3.04% |
| 2015 | 1.37% | 3.05% |
| 2014 | 1.35% | 3.06% |
| 2013 | 1.32% | 3.19% |
| 2012 | 1.26% | 3.32% |
| 2011 | 1.24% | 3.3% |
| 2010 | 1.26% | 3.24% |
| 2009 | 1.25% | 3.18% |
| 2008 | 1.22% | 2.92% |
| 2007 | 1.65% | 2.63% |
| 2006 | 2.18% | 2.54% |
| 2005 | 2.24% | 2.45% |
| 2004 | 2.16% | 2.38% |
| 2003 | 1.11% | 2.31% |
| 2002 | 0.83% | 2.24% |
| 2001 | 1.56% | 2.5% |
| 2000 | 1.49% | 2.82% |
| 1999 | 1.43% | 2.71% |
| 1998 | 1.38% | 2.63% |
| 1997 | 1.21% | 2.25% |
| 1996 | 1.09% | 2% |
| 1995 | 1.11% | 2.78% |
| 1994 | 0.19% | 3.46% |
| 1993 | 0.36% | 4.13% |
| 1992 | 2% | 3.9% |
| 1991 | 2.75% | 2.96% |
| 1990 | 2.95% | 2.57% |
| 1989 | 2.96% | 2.54% |
| 1988 | 3.28% | 2.93% |
| 1987 | 3.65% | 2.92% |
| 1986 | 3.76% | 2.92% |
| 1985 | 3.74% | 2.93% |
| 1984 | 3.83% | 2.92% |
| 1983 | 3.97% | 2.92% |
| 1982 | 5.44% | 2.92% |
| 1981 | 5.39% | 2.91% |
| 1980 | 3.69% | 2.88% |
| 1979 | 3.5% | 2.88% |
| 1978 | 3.32% | 2.88% |
| 1977 | 3.15% | 2.92% |
| 1976 | 3.06% | 2.98% |
| 1975 | 3.07% | 2.99% |
| 1974 | 3% | 3.02% |
| 1973 | 2.97% | 3.04% |
| 1972 | 2.97% | 3.06% |
| 1971 | 3.03% | 3.08% |
| 1970 | 3.08% | 3.1% |
| 1969 | 3.05% | 3.09% |
| 1968 | 3.04% | 3.08% |
| 1967 | 3.09% | 3.05% |
| 1966 | 3.16% | 2.99% |
| 1965 | 3.19% | 2.93% |
| 1964 | 3.16% | 2.86% |
| 1963 | 3.12% | 2.79% |
| 1962 | 3.08% | 2.72% |
| 1961 | 3.05% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/mauritania | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Iran grew by 1.06%, while Mauritania's population grew by 2.93%.
Live population counters
|
Iran
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
93468444
|
5505206
|
| Population rank | 17/197 | 122/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.13% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
32.9 seconds
|
3.58 minutes
|
| One birth every |
26.9 seconds
|
3.04 minutes
|
| One death every |
1.24 minutes
|
19 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +2,627 | +403 |
| Annual growth/decline | +959,031 | +146,954 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +1.06% | +2.93% |
| Population growth rate rank | 98/197 | 17/197 |
| One migration net change every |
4.51 minutes
|
1.74 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +116,786 | -5,044 |
| Net migration rank | 14/196 | 115/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 3,840,654 | 195,937 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 17/195 | 113/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 4.2% | 3.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 103/195 | 107/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Iran
|
Mauritania
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 116,786 | - | -5,044 |
| 2024 | - | 190,156 | - | -2,185 |
| 2023 | 750,150 | 262,044 | 145,164 | 2,999 |
| 2022 | 753,525 | 403,190 | 142,451 | 2,999 |
| 2021 | 645,725 | 334,967 | 137,557 | -1,483 |
| 2020 | 663,978 | -180,680 | 134,899 | -1,483 |
| 2019 | 893,063 | -32,794 | 134,460 | -3,019 |
| 2018 | 1,035,052 | -27,946 | 131,584 | -2,987 |
| 2017 | 1,140,549 | 34,849 | 128,562 | -3,001 |
| 2016 | 1,186,949 | 66,630 | 125,342 | -3,008 |
| 2015 | 1,178,317 | -46,239 | 122,092 | -3,019 |
| 2014 | 1,158,552 | -56,042 | 118,792 | -2,980 |
| 2013 | 1,119,533 | -47,322 | 115,558 | -2,987 |
| 2012 | 1,073,804 | -57,823 | 113,489 | 4,515 |
| 2011 | 1,023,925 | -65,924 | 111,165 | 3,272 |
| 2010 | 980,380 | -12,849 | 108,121 | 1,128 |
| 2009 | 958,322 | 211 | 105,273 | -1,481 |
| 2008 | 940,983 | -12,184 | 102,432 | -3,860 |
| 2007 | 919,254 | -24,950 | 98,895 | -17,048 |
| 2006 | 884,529 | 640,932 | 94,991 | -18,033 |
| 2005 | 837,305 | 765,873 | 90,940 | -18,693 |
| 2004 | 801,203 | 739,996 | 87,578 | -19,042 |
| 2003 | 732,600 | 700,222 | 83,804 | -19,104 |
| 2002 | 752,205 | -668,962 | 80,993 | -18,903 |
| 2001 | 743,658 | 291,692 | 78,769 | -21,067 |
| 2000 | 731,203 | 300,133 | 75,929 | -2,997 |
| 1999 | 723,237 | 191,988 | 73,554 | -2,999 |
| 1998 | 717,655 | 218,171 | 72,045 | -8,504 |
| 1997 | 726,574 | 98,009 | 71,327 | -8,187 |
| 1996 | 784,508 | -92,435 | 71,939 | -28,840 |
| 1995 | 879,648 | -220,258 | 72,244 | -22,997 |
| 1994 | 1,008,076 | -297,487 | 70,570 | 5,304 |
| 1993 | 1,219,658 | -1,696,091 | 68,167 | 6,217 |
| 1992 | 1,365,466 | -451,945 | 63,501 | 34,505 |
| 1991 | 1,495,594 | -13,059 | 61,782 | -2,997 |
| 1990 | 1,530,434 | 200,711 | 59,934 | -3,000 |
| 1989 | 1,609,739 | 9,460 | 58,666 | -17,941 |
| 1988 | 1,614,512 | 30,688 | 56,654 | -2,997 |
| 1987 | 1,639,644 | 213,524 | 55,037 | -2,998 |
| 1986 | 1,659,289 | 242,411 | 53,313 | -2,998 |
| 1985 | 1,661,750 | 163,999 | 52,125 | -2,998 |
| 1984 | 1,653,051 | 97,748 | 50,705 | -2,998 |
| 1983 | 1,573,612 | 204,544 | 49,187 | -2,998 |
| 1982 | 1,514,240 | 222,390 | 47,947 | -2,998 |
| 1981 | 1,376,830 | 1,452,169 | 46,641 | -2,998 |
| 1980 | 1,361,293 | 103,674 | 45,026 | -2,997 |
| 1979 | 1,294,306 | 75,451 | 43,537 | -2,997 |
| 1978 | 1,156,974 | 70,088 | 42,539 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 1,091,542 | 68,093 | 41,352 | -2,999 |
| 1976 | 1,013,347 | 18,825 | 40,149 | -1,645 |
| 1975 | 929,481 | 106,921 | 38,975 | -1,472 |
| 1974 | 873,369 | 103,252 | 38,106 | -1,321 |
| 1973 | 831,880 | 104,779 | 37,122 | -1,201 |
| 1972 | 804,043 | 96,614 | 36,184 | -1,139 |
| 1971 | 805,830 | 77,717 | 35,279 | -1,014 |
| 1970 | 794,612 | 89,757 | 34,382 | -855 |
| 1969 | 780,660 | 78,196 | 33,252 | -688 |
| 1968 | 743,992 | 69,342 | 32,029 | -565 |
| 1967 | 727,276 | 77,313 | 30,853 | -514 |
| 1966 | 695,040 | 98,709 | 29,502 | -466 |
| 1965 | 663,029 | 127,808 | 28,028 | -434 |
| 1964 | 635,589 | 121,817 | 26,565 | -390 |
| 1963 | 620,126 | 110,190 | 25,250 | -362 |
| 1962 | 595,538 | 96,332 | 23,927 | -342 |
| 1961 | 594,674 | 77,811 | 22,781 | -332 |
| 1960 | 584,060 | 54,041 | 21,604 | -318 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/mauritania | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 92.5% of the population change in Iran is from natural causes (a gain of 9,405,860 people) and 7.46% is from migration (a gain of 757,979 people). In Mauritania 98.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people).
As of 2024, 3,840,654 residents or 4.2% of the population were not native-born in Iran, compared to 195,937 people or 3.8% in Mauritania.
Biggest cities by population
|
Iran
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Tehran | 8.69M |
| Mashhad | 3M |
| Isfahan | 1.96M |
| Karaj | 1.59M |
| Shiraz | 1.57M |
| Tabriz | 1.56M |
| Qom | 1.2M |
| Ahvaz | 1.18M |
| Kermanshah | 947K |
| Urmia | 736K |
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Iran and Mauritania
|
Iran
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 78.2 years | 69.2 years |
| Average age | 34.3 years | 23 years |
| Median age | 34.3 years | 18.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.8:49.2 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.7 births per woman | 4.7 births per woman |
| Population density | 148.9 ppl/mi² | 13.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/iran/mauritania | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
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