The latest officially reported population of Mauritania was 5,315,065 in 2025 vs 10,804,871 people in Portugal in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mauritania's population is 5,539,189 people compared to 10,788,071 in Portugal.
Population statistics:
- Portugal's population is 1.95 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Mauritania is ranked the 123rd most populous country in the world, while Portugal is the 91st.
- The countries together account for 0.2% of the world: 0.07% for Mauritania vs 0.13% for Portugal.
- For the last 10 years, Mauritania has had an average growth rate of +2.98% per year vs +0.35% in Portugal.
- Since 2006, the population of Mauritania has increased from 3.01M people to 5.54M (83.8% growth), while Portugal has grown from 10.5M to 10.8M (2.53% growth).
Mauritania vs Portugal: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mauritania
|
Portugal
|
|
| 2100 | 17,302,938 | 9,079,610 |
| 2099 | 17,195,692 | 9,084,930 |
| 2098 | 17,083,078 | 9,089,064 |
| 2097 | 16,968,365 | 9,094,546 |
| 2096 | 16,850,394 | 9,100,755 |
| 2095 | 16,732,430 | 9,108,548 |
| 2094 | 16,610,512 | 9,113,366 |
| 2093 | 16,485,880 | 9,118,286 |
| 2092 | 16,359,440 | 9,123,579 |
| 2091 | 16,229,167 | 9,127,714 |
| 2090 | 16,097,149 | 9,132,140 |
| 2089 | 15,962,562 | 9,136,870 |
| 2088 | 15,824,899 | 9,141,647 |
| 2087 | 15,683,760 | 9,147,996 |
| 2086 | 15,541,281 | 9,152,804 |
| 2085 | 15,397,701 | 9,158,263 |
| 2084 | 15,251,533 | 9,165,158 |
| 2083 | 15,102,125 | 9,171,574 |
| 2082 | 14,952,194 | 9,179,958 |
| 2081 | 14,799,309 | 9,190,466 |
| 2080 | 14,645,548 | 9,201,621 |
| 2079 | 14,490,500 | 9,214,398 |
| 2078 | 14,331,284 | 9,228,555 |
| 2077 | 14,170,045 | 9,243,708 |
| 2076 | 14,007,555 | 9,262,542 |
| 2075 | 13,843,393 | 9,282,392 |
| 2074 | 13,678,579 | 9,305,608 |
| 2073 | 13,512,182 | 9,330,117 |
| 2072 | 13,343,946 | 9,353,771 |
| 2071 | 13,172,876 | 9,380,991 |
| 2070 | 13,002,521 | 9,409,668 |
| 2069 | 12,830,090 | 9,440,299 |
| 2068 | 12,657,711 | 9,473,457 |
| 2067 | 12,482,299 | 9,506,001 |
| 2066 | 12,306,495 | 9,539,597 |
| 2065 | 12,131,679 | 9,574,237 |
| 2064 | 11,954,090 | 9,611,738 |
| 2063 | 11,778,351 | 9,649,045 |
| 2062 | 11,601,323 | 9,686,737 |
| 2061 | 11,424,089 | 9,723,601 |
| 2060 | 11,246,850 | 9,762,379 |
| 2059 | 11,067,732 | 9,801,072 |
| 2058 | 10,887,645 | 9,841,936 |
| 2057 | 10,709,500 | 9,880,092 |
| 2056 | 10,532,648 | 9,918,643 |
| 2055 | 10,354,318 | 9,958,971 |
| 2054 | 10,175,517 | 9,997,570 |
| 2053 | 9,995,645 | 10,037,385 |
| 2052 | 9,815,104 | 10,076,095 |
| 2051 | 9,635,288 | 10,112,788 |
| 2050 | 9,457,400 | 10,149,626 |
| 2049 | 9,279,576 | 10,187,172 |
| 2048 | 9,100,595 | 10,221,034 |
| 2047 | 8,923,220 | 10,255,340 |
| 2046 | 8,745,286 | 10,289,266 |
| 2045 | 8,568,910 | 10,321,807 |
| 2044 | 8,393,773 | 10,353,338 |
| 2043 | 8,218,850 | 10,384,554 |
| 2042 | 8,044,865 | 10,412,950 |
| 2041 | 7,873,599 | 10,440,054 |
| 2040 | 7,703,561 | 10,469,380 |
| 2039 | 7,534,623 | 10,497,556 |
| 2038 | 7,366,187 | 10,523,869 |
| 2037 | 7,199,542 | 10,548,445 |
| 2036 | 7,033,866 | 10,573,361 |
| 2035 | 6,869,186 | 10,597,352 |
| 2034 | 6,705,635 | 10,621,955 |
| 2033 | 6,543,505 | 10,645,024 |
| 2032 | 6,383,229 | 10,668,384 |
| 2031 | 6,225,030 | 10,689,372 |
| 2030 | 6,068,395 | 10,708,819 |
| 2029 | 5,914,109 | 10,729,893 |
| 2028 | 5,761,715 | 10,752,023 |
| 2027 | 5,611,635 | 10,770,712 |
| 2026 | 5,462,675 | 10,788,071 |
| 2025 | 5,315,065 | 10,804,871 |
| 2024 | 5,169,395 | 10,694,681 |
| 2023 | 5,022,441 | 10,578,174 |
| 2022 | 4,875,637 | 10,434,332 |
| 2021 | 4,734,874 | 10,361,831 |
| 2020 | 4,600,131 | 10,297,081 |
| 2019 | 4,467,708 | 10,286,263 |
| 2018 | 4,337,685 | 10,283,822 |
| 2017 | 4,210,600 | 10,300,300 |
| 2016 | 4,086,657 | 10,325,452 |
| 2015 | 3,965,959 | 10,358,076 |
| 2014 | 3,848,514 | 10,401,062 |
| 2013 | 3,734,318 | 10,457,295 |
| 2012 | 3,619,034 | 10,514,844 |
| 2011 | 3,502,811 | 10,557,560 |
| 2010 | 3,390,965 | 10,573,100 |
| 2009 | 3,284,448 | 10,568,247 |
| 2008 | 3,183,269 | 10,558,177 |
| 2007 | 3,093,059 | 10,542,964 |
| 2006 | 3,013,660 | 10,522,288 |
| 2005 | 2,939,059 | 10,503,330 |
| 2004 | 2,868,664 | 10,483,861 |
| 2003 | 2,802,046 | 10,458,821 |
| 2002 | 2,738,655 | 10,419,631 |
| 2001 | 2,678,760 | 10,362,722 |
| 2000 | 2,613,441 | 10,289,898 |
| 1999 | 2,541,698 | 10,217,828 |
| 1998 | 2,474,651 | 10,160,196 |
| 1997 | 2,411,306 | 10,108,977 |
| 1996 | 2,358,188 | 10,063,945 |
| 1995 | 2,312,017 | 10,026,176 |
| 1994 | 2,249,454 | 9,991,525 |
| 1993 | 2,174,328 | 9,964,675 |
| 1992 | 2,088,135 | 9,952,494 |
| 1991 | 2,009,738 | 9,960,235 |
| 1990 | 1,951,878 | 9,983,218 |
| 1989 | 1,903,048 | 10,005,000 |
| 1988 | 1,855,859 | 10,019,610 |
| 1987 | 1,803,014 | 10,030,031 |
| 1986 | 1,751,835 | 10,032,734 |
| 1985 | 1,702,107 | 10,023,613 |
| 1984 | 1,653,693 | 9,996,232 |
| 1983 | 1,606,746 | 9,957,865 |
| 1982 | 1,561,176 | 9,911,771 |
| 1981 | 1,516,877 | 9,851,362 |
| 1980 | 1,474,043 | 9,766,312 |
| 1979 | 1,432,758 | 9,661,265 |
| 1978 | 1,392,713 | 9,558,250 |
| 1977 | 1,353,768 | 9,455,675 |
| 1976 | 1,315,336 | 9,355,810 |
| 1975 | 1,277,330 | 9,093,470 |
| 1974 | 1,240,188 | 8,754,365 |
| 1973 | 1,203,838 | 8,633,100 |
| 1972 | 1,168,355 | 8,630,430 |
| 1971 | 1,133,702 | 8,643,756 |
| 1970 | 1,099,806 | 8,680,431 |
| 1969 | 1,066,754 | 8,757,705 |
| 1968 | 1,034,739 | 8,836,650 |
| 1967 | 1,003,843 | 8,874,520 |
| 1966 | 974,157 | 8,930,990 |
| 1965 | 945,838 | 8,998,595 |
| 1964 | 918,955 | 9,035,365 |
| 1963 | 893,423 | 9,030,355 |
| 1962 | 869,184 | 8,993,985 |
| 1961 | 846,167 | 8,929,316 |
| 1960 | 824,298 | 8,857,716 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/portugal | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mauritania increased by 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth), while Portugal lost 196,836 people (a 1.87% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mauritania gained 1,452,532 people (a 35.5% growth), while Portugal's population increased by 462,619 people (a 4.48% growth).
Mauritania was ranked 132nd most populous country in 2006 and is 123rd in 2026. Portugal was ranked 78th in 2006 and ranked 91st now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mauritania's population will grow by 70.7% to 9,457,400 people with a rank change from 123rd to 103rd. The population of Portugal will decrease by 5.92% to 10,149,626 people and rank change from 91st to 97th.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people, while Portugal's population already peaked in 2025 at 10.8M people and is projected to decrease to 9.08M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Portugal
|
|
| 2100 | 0.62% | -0.06% |
| 2099 | 0.66% | -0.05% |
| 2098 | 0.68% | -0.06% |
| 2097 | 0.7% | -0.07% |
| 2096 | 0.7% | -0.09% |
| 2095 | 0.73% | -0.05% |
| 2094 | 0.76% | -0.05% |
| 2093 | 0.77% | -0.06% |
| 2092 | 0.8% | -0.05% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -0.05% |
| 2090 | 0.84% | -0.05% |
| 2089 | 0.87% | -0.05% |
| 2088 | 0.9% | -0.07% |
| 2087 | 0.92% | -0.05% |
| 2086 | 0.93% | -0.06% |
| 2085 | 0.96% | -0.08% |
| 2084 | 0.99% | -0.07% |
| 2083 | 1% | -0.09% |
| 2082 | 1.03% | -0.11% |
| 2081 | 1.05% | -0.12% |
| 2080 | 1.07% | -0.14% |
| 2079 | 1.11% | -0.15% |
| 2078 | 1.14% | -0.16% |
| 2077 | 1.16% | -0.2% |
| 2076 | 1.19% | -0.21% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | -0.25% |
| 2074 | 1.23% | -0.26% |
| 2073 | 1.26% | -0.25% |
| 2072 | 1.3% | -0.29% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | -0.3% |
| 2070 | 1.34% | -0.32% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | -0.35% |
| 2068 | 1.41% | -0.34% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | -0.35% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | -0.36% |
| 2065 | 1.49% | -0.39% |
| 2064 | 1.49% | -0.39% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | -0.39% |
| 2062 | 1.55% | -0.38% |
| 2061 | 1.58% | -0.4% |
| 2060 | 1.62% | -0.39% |
| 2059 | 1.65% | -0.42% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | -0.39% |
| 2057 | 1.68% | -0.39% |
| 2056 | 1.72% | -0.4% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | -0.39% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | -0.4% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | -0.38% |
| 2052 | 1.87% | -0.36% |
| 2051 | 1.88% | -0.36% |
| 2050 | 1.92% | -0.37% |
| 2049 | 1.97% | -0.33% |
| 2048 | 1.99% | -0.33% |
| 2047 | 2.03% | -0.33% |
| 2046 | 2.06% | -0.32% |
| 2045 | 2.09% | -0.3% |
| 2044 | 2.13% | -0.3% |
| 2043 | 2.16% | -0.27% |
| 2042 | 2.18% | -0.26% |
| 2041 | 2.21% | -0.28% |
| 2040 | 2.24% | -0.27% |
| 2039 | 2.29% | -0.25% |
| 2038 | 2.31% | -0.23% |
| 2037 | 2.36% | -0.24% |
| 2036 | 2.4% | -0.23% |
| 2035 | 2.44% | -0.23% |
| 2034 | 2.48% | -0.22% |
| 2033 | 2.51% | -0.22% |
| 2032 | 2.54% | -0.2% |
| 2031 | 2.58% | -0.18% |
| 2030 | 2.61% | -0.2% |
| 2029 | 2.64% | -0.21% |
| 2028 | 2.67% | -0.17% |
| 2027 | 2.73% | -0.16% |
| 2026 | 2.78% | -0.16% |
| 2025 | 2.82% | 1.03% |
| 2024 | 2.93% | 1.1% |
| 2023 | 3.01% | 1.38% |
| 2022 | 2.97% | 0.7% |
| 2021 | 2.93% | 0.63% |
| 2020 | 2.96% | 0.11% |
| 2019 | 3% | 0.02% |
| 2018 | 3.02% | -0.16% |
| 2017 | 3.03% | -0.24% |
| 2016 | 3.04% | -0.31% |
| 2015 | 3.05% | -0.41% |
| 2014 | 3.06% | -0.54% |
| 2013 | 3.19% | -0.55% |
| 2012 | 3.32% | -0.4% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | -0.15% |
| 2010 | 3.24% | 0.05% |
| 2009 | 3.18% | 0.1% |
| 2008 | 2.92% | 0.14% |
| 2007 | 2.63% | 0.2% |
| 2006 | 2.54% | 0.18% |
| 2005 | 2.45% | 0.19% |
| 2004 | 2.38% | 0.24% |
| 2003 | 2.31% | 0.38% |
| 2002 | 2.24% | 0.55% |
| 2001 | 2.5% | 0.71% |
| 2000 | 2.82% | 0.71% |
| 1999 | 2.71% | 0.57% |
| 1998 | 2.63% | 0.51% |
| 1997 | 2.25% | 0.45% |
| 1996 | 2% | 0.38% |
| 1995 | 2.78% | 0.35% |
| 1994 | 3.46% | 0.27% |
| 1993 | 4.13% | 0.12% |
| 1992 | 3.9% | -0.08% |
| 1991 | 2.96% | -0.23% |
| 1990 | 2.57% | -0.22% |
| 1989 | 2.54% | -0.15% |
| 1988 | 2.93% | -0.1% |
| 1987 | 2.92% | -0.03% |
| 1986 | 2.92% | 0.09% |
| 1985 | 2.93% | 0.27% |
| 1984 | 2.92% | 0.39% |
| 1983 | 2.92% | 0.47% |
| 1982 | 2.92% | 0.61% |
| 1981 | 2.91% | 0.87% |
| 1980 | 2.88% | 1.09% |
| 1979 | 2.88% | 1.08% |
| 1978 | 2.88% | 1.08% |
| 1977 | 2.92% | 1.07% |
| 1976 | 2.98% | 2.88% |
| 1975 | 2.99% | 3.87% |
| 1974 | 3.02% | 1.4% |
| 1973 | 3.04% | 0.03% |
| 1972 | 3.06% | -0.15% |
| 1971 | 3.08% | -0.42% |
| 1970 | 3.1% | -0.88% |
| 1969 | 3.09% | -0.89% |
| 1968 | 3.08% | -0.43% |
| 1967 | 3.05% | -0.63% |
| 1966 | 2.99% | -0.75% |
| 1965 | 2.93% | -0.41% |
| 1964 | 2.86% | 0.06% |
| 1963 | 2.79% | 0.4% |
| 1962 | 2.72% | 0.72% |
| 1961 | 2.65% | 0.81% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/portugal | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Mauritania grew by 2.82%, while Portugal's population grew by 1.03%.
Live population counters
|
Mauritania
|
Portugal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5539189
|
10788071
|
| Population rank | 123/197 | 91/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.13% |
| One net population change |
3.62 minutes
|
4.78 minutes
|
| One birth every |
2.99 minutes
|
6.22 minutes
|
| One death every |
18.8 minutes
|
4.43 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +399 | +302 |
| Annual growth/decline | +145,670 | +110,190 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.82% | +1.03% |
| Population growth rate rank | 18/197 | 99/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.74 hours
|
32 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,044 | +16,472 |
| Net migration rank | 115/196 | 38/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 195,937 | 1,127,184 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 113/195 | 56/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.8% | 10.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 107/195 | 61/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Portugal
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,044 | - | 16,472 |
| 2024 | 147,927 | -2,185 | -34,223 | 20,648 |
| 2023 | 145,164 | 2,999 | -32,792 | 29,102 |
| 2022 | 142,451 | 2,999 | -40,694 | 68,696 |
| 2021 | 137,557 | -1,483 | -45,592 | 69,606 |
| 2020 | 134,899 | -1,483 | -39,129 | 54,076 |
| 2019 | 134,460 | -3,019 | -24,687 | 63,031 |
| 2018 | 131,584 | -2,987 | -25,709 | 22,495 |
| 2017 | 128,562 | -3,001 | -23,691 | 13,979 |
| 2016 | 125,342 | -3,008 | -23,749 | -775 |
| 2015 | 122,092 | -3,019 | -23,823 | -3,209 |
| 2014 | 118,792 | -2,980 | -22,882 | -26,447 |
| 2013 | 115,558 | -2,987 | -24,052 | -36,342 |
| 2012 | 113,489 | 4,515 | -17,875 | -37,083 |
| 2011 | 111,165 | 3,272 | -5,279 | -31,513 |
| 2010 | 108,121 | 1,128 | -4,230 | -5,627 |
| 2009 | 105,273 | -1,481 | -5,284 | 14,532 |
| 2008 | 102,432 | -3,860 | 0 | 9,478 |
| 2007 | 98,895 | -17,048 | -1,055 | 21,064 |
| 2006 | 94,991 | -18,033 | 3,156 | 16,754 |
| 2005 | 90,940 | -18,693 | 2,101 | 15,537 |
| 2004 | 87,578 | -19,042 | 7,339 | 13,928 |
| 2003 | 83,804 | -19,104 | 4,184 | 24,740 |
| 2002 | 80,993 | -18,903 | 8,335 | 42,169 |
| 2001 | 78,769 | -21,067 | 8,290 | 55,565 |
| 2000 | 75,929 | -2,997 | 15,435 | 60,586 |
| 1999 | 73,554 | -2,999 | 8,175 | 49,572 |
| 1998 | 72,045 | -8,504 | 7,112 | 40,931 |
| 1997 | 71,327 | -8,187 | 8,087 | 36,922 |
| 1996 | 71,939 | -28,840 | 4,026 | 32,640 |
| 1995 | 72,244 | -22,997 | 4,011 | 26,971 |
| 1994 | 70,570 | 5,304 | 9,991 | 20,761 |
| 1993 | 68,167 | 6,217 | 7,972 | 8,561 |
| 1992 | 63,501 | 34,505 | 13,933 | -11,847 |
| 1991 | 61,782 | -2,997 | 12,948 | -37,914 |
| 1990 | 59,934 | -3,000 | 13,976 | -34,855 |
| 1989 | 58,666 | -17,941 | 22,011 | -30,615 |
| 1988 | 56,654 | -2,997 | 24,047 | -26,595 |
| 1987 | 55,037 | -2,998 | 28,084 | -23,142 |
| 1986 | 53,313 | -2,998 | 31,102 | -20,000 |
| 1985 | 52,125 | -2,998 | 33,077 | -19,183 |
| 1984 | 50,705 | -2,998 | 45,983 | -16,658 |
| 1983 | 49,187 | -2,998 | 47,798 | -16,568 |
| 1982 | 47,947 | -2,998 | 58,479 | -15,006 |
| 1981 | 46,641 | -2,998 | 56,152 | -7,938 |
| 1980 | 45,026 | -2,997 | 63,481 | 29,881 |
| 1979 | 43,537 | -2,997 | 67,628 | 32,434 |
| 1978 | 42,539 | -2,998 | 70,731 | 34,345 |
| 1977 | 41,352 | -2,999 | 84,156 | 37,779 |
| 1976 | 40,149 | -1,645 | 85,138 | 40,490 |
| 1975 | 38,975 | -1,472 | 81,841 | 42,262 |
| 1974 | 38,106 | -1,321 | 74,412 | 41,254 |
| 1973 | 37,122 | -1,201 | 76,835 | 39,748 |
| 1972 | 36,184 | -1,139 | 83,715 | 39,058 |
| 1971 | 35,279 | -1,014 | 82,980 | 48,944 |
| 1970 | 34,382 | -855 | 87,672 | -191,862 |
| 1969 | 33,252 | -688 | 89,329 | -161,114 |
| 1968 | 32,029 | -565 | 100,737 | -145,200 |
| 1967 | 30,853 | -514 | 106,495 | -136,232 |
| 1966 | 29,502 | -466 | 107,171 | -129,233 |
| 1965 | 28,028 | -434 | 115,182 | -123,855 |
| 1964 | 26,565 | -390 | 120,170 | -118,763 |
| 1963 | 25,250 | -362 | 113,783 | -116,874 |
| 1962 | 23,927 | -342 | 123,217 | -113,947 |
| 1961 | 22,781 | -332 | 117,867 | -112,768 |
| 1960 | 21,604 | -318 | 118,693 | -95,886 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/portugal | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99% of the population change in Mauritania is from natural causes (a gain of 1,350,038 people) and 1.04% is from migration (a loss of 14,187 people). In Portugal 48.2% is from natural causes (a loss of 314,089 people) and 51.8% is from migration (a gain of 337,649 people).
As of 2024, 195,937 residents or 3.8% of the population were not native-born in Mauritania, compared to 1,127,184 people or 10.8% in Portugal.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
|
Portugal
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lisbon | 546K |
| Sintra | 386K |
| Vila Nova de Gaia | 304K |
| Porto | 232K |
| Cascais | 214K |
| Loures | 202K |
| Braga | 193K |
| Almada | 177K |
| Matosinhos | 173K |
| Oeiras | 172K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mauritania and Portugal
|
Mauritania
|
Portugal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.2 years | 82.9 years |
| Average age | 23.1 years | 45.9 years |
| Median age | 18.5 years | 47.8 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 47.6:52.4 |
| Fertility rate | 4.63 births per woman | 1.41 births per woman |
| Population density | 13.7 ppl/mi² | 305 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/portugal | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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