The latest officially reported population of Finland was 5,619,911 in 2024 vs 5,169,395 people in Mauritania in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Finland's population is 5,631,965 people compared to 5,505,206 in Mauritania.
Population statistics:
- Finland's population is 1.02 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Finland is ranked the 120th most populous country in the world, while Mauritania is the 122nd.
- The countries together account for 0.13% of the world: 0.07% for Finland vs 0.07% for Mauritania.
- For the last 10 years, Finland has had an average growth rate of +0.3% per year vs +3% in Mauritania.
- Since 2006, the population of Finland has increased from 5.27M people to 5.63M (6.94% growth), while Mauritania has grown from 3.01M to 5.51M (82.7% growth).
Finland vs Mauritania: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Finland
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | 4,615,954 | 17,309,980 |
| 2099 | 4,632,084 | 17,202,690 |
| 2098 | 4,648,068 | 17,090,030 |
| 2097 | 4,663,730 | 16,975,270 |
| 2096 | 4,678,982 | 16,857,252 |
| 2095 | 4,694,312 | 16,739,240 |
| 2094 | 4,709,388 | 16,617,272 |
| 2093 | 4,724,681 | 16,492,589 |
| 2092 | 4,739,809 | 16,366,098 |
| 2091 | 4,755,260 | 16,235,771 |
| 2090 | 4,770,907 | 16,103,700 |
| 2089 | 4,786,400 | 15,969,059 |
| 2088 | 4,801,901 | 15,831,339 |
| 2087 | 4,817,852 | 15,690,143 |
| 2086 | 4,833,786 | 15,547,605 |
| 2085 | 4,849,629 | 15,403,967 |
| 2084 | 4,864,891 | 15,257,740 |
| 2083 | 4,880,250 | 15,108,271 |
| 2082 | 4,896,009 | 14,958,279 |
| 2081 | 4,911,803 | 14,805,332 |
| 2080 | 4,927,618 | 14,651,508 |
| 2079 | 4,943,129 | 14,496,397 |
| 2078 | 4,958,168 | 14,337,117 |
| 2077 | 4,973,373 | 14,175,812 |
| 2076 | 4,988,599 | 14,013,255 |
| 2075 | 5,003,374 | 13,849,027 |
| 2074 | 5,018,067 | 13,684,146 |
| 2073 | 5,032,313 | 13,517,681 |
| 2072 | 5,046,145 | 13,349,376 |
| 2071 | 5,059,821 | 13,178,237 |
| 2070 | 5,073,405 | 13,007,812 |
| 2069 | 5,086,624 | 12,835,311 |
| 2068 | 5,100,021 | 12,662,862 |
| 2067 | 5,113,379 | 12,487,379 |
| 2066 | 5,126,654 | 12,311,503 |
| 2065 | 5,140,841 | 12,136,616 |
| 2064 | 5,154,898 | 11,958,955 |
| 2063 | 5,169,175 | 11,783,144 |
| 2062 | 5,183,334 | 11,606,044 |
| 2061 | 5,197,920 | 11,428,738 |
| 2060 | 5,212,905 | 11,251,427 |
| 2059 | 5,228,152 | 11,072,236 |
| 2058 | 5,242,966 | 10,892,076 |
| 2057 | 5,258,706 | 10,713,858 |
| 2056 | 5,274,797 | 10,536,935 |
| 2055 | 5,290,920 | 10,358,532 |
| 2054 | 5,306,678 | 10,179,658 |
| 2053 | 5,321,951 | 9,999,712 |
| 2052 | 5,337,100 | 9,819,098 |
| 2051 | 5,352,042 | 9,639,209 |
| 2050 | 5,366,251 | 9,461,249 |
| 2049 | 5,380,081 | 9,283,353 |
| 2048 | 5,393,571 | 9,104,299 |
| 2047 | 5,406,757 | 8,926,851 |
| 2046 | 5,419,535 | 8,748,845 |
| 2045 | 5,432,355 | 8,572,397 |
| 2044 | 5,444,871 | 8,397,189 |
| 2043 | 5,457,529 | 8,222,194 |
| 2042 | 5,469,797 | 8,048,139 |
| 2041 | 5,482,134 | 7,876,803 |
| 2040 | 5,494,276 | 7,706,696 |
| 2039 | 5,506,630 | 7,537,689 |
| 2038 | 5,518,788 | 7,369,184 |
| 2037 | 5,530,908 | 7,202,472 |
| 2036 | 5,542,684 | 7,036,729 |
| 2035 | 5,554,158 | 6,871,981 |
| 2034 | 5,565,174 | 6,708,364 |
| 2033 | 5,575,691 | 6,546,168 |
| 2032 | 5,585,700 | 6,385,827 |
| 2031 | 5,595,391 | 6,227,564 |
| 2030 | 5,604,388 | 6,070,865 |
| 2029 | 5,612,864 | 5,916,516 |
| 2028 | 5,620,473 | 5,764,060 |
| 2027 | 5,627,272 | 5,613,919 |
| 2026 | 5,631,965 | 5,464,898 |
| 2025 | 5,630,458 | 5,317,228 |
| 2024 | 5,619,911 | 5,169,395 |
| 2023 | 5,583,911 | 5,022,441 |
| 2022 | 5,556,106 | 4,875,637 |
| 2021 | 5,541,017 | 4,734,874 |
| 2020 | 5,529,543 | 4,600,131 |
| 2019 | 5,521,606 | 4,467,708 |
| 2018 | 5,515,525 | 4,337,685 |
| 2017 | 5,508,214 | 4,210,600 |
| 2016 | 5,495,303 | 4,086,657 |
| 2015 | 5,479,531 | 3,965,959 |
| 2014 | 5,461,512 | 3,848,514 |
| 2013 | 5,438,972 | 3,734,318 |
| 2012 | 5,413,971 | 3,619,034 |
| 2011 | 5,388,272 | 3,502,811 |
| 2010 | 5,363,352 | 3,390,965 |
| 2009 | 5,338,871 | 3,284,448 |
| 2008 | 5,313,399 | 3,183,269 |
| 2007 | 5,288,720 | 3,093,059 |
| 2006 | 5,266,268 | 3,013,660 |
| 2005 | 5,246,096 | 2,939,059 |
| 2004 | 5,228,172 | 2,868,664 |
| 2003 | 5,213,014 | 2,802,046 |
| 2002 | 5,200,598 | 2,738,655 |
| 2001 | 5,188,008 | 2,678,760 |
| 2000 | 5,176,209 | 2,613,441 |
| 1999 | 5,165,474 | 2,541,698 |
| 1998 | 5,153,498 | 2,474,651 |
| 1997 | 5,139,835 | 2,411,306 |
| 1996 | 5,124,573 | 2,358,188 |
| 1995 | 5,107,790 | 2,312,017 |
| 1994 | 5,088,333 | 2,249,454 |
| 1993 | 5,066,447 | 2,174,328 |
| 1992 | 5,041,992 | 2,088,135 |
| 1991 | 5,013,740 | 2,009,738 |
| 1990 | 4,986,431 | 1,951,878 |
| 1989 | 4,964,371 | 1,903,048 |
| 1988 | 4,946,481 | 1,855,859 |
| 1987 | 4,932,123 | 1,803,014 |
| 1986 | 4,918,154 | 1,751,835 |
| 1985 | 4,902,206 | 1,702,107 |
| 1984 | 4,881,803 | 1,653,693 |
| 1983 | 4,855,787 | 1,606,746 |
| 1982 | 4,826,933 | 1,561,176 |
| 1981 | 4,799,964 | 1,516,877 |
| 1980 | 4,779,535 | 1,474,043 |
| 1979 | 4,764,690 | 1,432,758 |
| 1978 | 4,752,528 | 1,392,713 |
| 1977 | 4,738,902 | 1,353,768 |
| 1976 | 4,725,664 | 1,315,336 |
| 1975 | 4,711,440 | 1,277,330 |
| 1974 | 4,690,574 | 1,240,188 |
| 1973 | 4,666,081 | 1,203,838 |
| 1972 | 4,639,657 | 1,168,355 |
| 1971 | 4,612,124 | 1,133,702 |
| 1970 | 4,606,307 | 1,099,806 |
| 1969 | 4,623,785 | 1,066,754 |
| 1968 | 4,626,469 | 1,034,739 |
| 1967 | 4,605,744 | 1,003,843 |
| 1966 | 4,580,869 | 974,157 |
| 1965 | 4,563,732 | 945,838 |
| 1964 | 4,548,543 | 918,955 |
| 1963 | 4,523,309 | 893,423 |
| 1962 | 4,491,443 | 869,184 |
| 1961 | 4,461,005 | 846,167 |
| 1960 | 4,429,634 | 824,298 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/mauritania | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Finland increased by 229,035 people (a 4.35% growth), while Mauritania gained 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Finland gained 136,662 people (a 2.49% growth), while Mauritania's population increased by 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth).
Finland was ranked 111th most populous country in 2006 and is 120th in 2026. Mauritania was ranked 132nd in 2006 and ranked 122nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Finland's population will shrink by 4.72% to 5,366,251 people with a rank change from 120th to 127th. The population of Mauritania will increase by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people and rank change from 122nd to 102nd.
Finland is projected to reach its peak in 2026 at 5.63M people compared to the peak of 17.3M people in 2100 for Mauritania.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Finland
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | -0.35% | 0.62% |
| 2099 | -0.34% | 0.66% |
| 2098 | -0.34% | 0.68% |
| 2097 | -0.33% | 0.7% |
| 2096 | -0.33% | 0.7% |
| 2095 | -0.32% | 0.73% |
| 2094 | -0.32% | 0.76% |
| 2093 | -0.32% | 0.77% |
| 2092 | -0.32% | 0.8% |
| 2091 | -0.33% | 0.82% |
| 2090 | -0.32% | 0.84% |
| 2089 | -0.32% | 0.87% |
| 2088 | -0.33% | 0.9% |
| 2087 | -0.33% | 0.92% |
| 2086 | -0.33% | 0.93% |
| 2085 | -0.31% | 0.96% |
| 2084 | -0.31% | 0.99% |
| 2083 | -0.32% | 1% |
| 2082 | -0.32% | 1.03% |
| 2081 | -0.32% | 1.05% |
| 2080 | -0.31% | 1.07% |
| 2079 | -0.3% | 1.11% |
| 2078 | -0.31% | 1.14% |
| 2077 | -0.31% | 1.16% |
| 2076 | -0.3% | 1.19% |
| 2075 | -0.29% | 1.2% |
| 2074 | -0.28% | 1.23% |
| 2073 | -0.27% | 1.26% |
| 2072 | -0.27% | 1.3% |
| 2071 | -0.27% | 1.31% |
| 2070 | -0.26% | 1.34% |
| 2069 | -0.26% | 1.36% |
| 2068 | -0.26% | 1.41% |
| 2067 | -0.26% | 1.43% |
| 2066 | -0.28% | 1.44% |
| 2065 | -0.27% | 1.49% |
| 2064 | -0.28% | 1.49% |
| 2063 | -0.27% | 1.53% |
| 2062 | -0.28% | 1.55% |
| 2061 | -0.29% | 1.58% |
| 2060 | -0.29% | 1.62% |
| 2059 | -0.28% | 1.65% |
| 2058 | -0.3% | 1.66% |
| 2057 | -0.31% | 1.68% |
| 2056 | -0.3% | 1.72% |
| 2055 | -0.3% | 1.76% |
| 2054 | -0.29% | 1.8% |
| 2053 | -0.28% | 1.84% |
| 2052 | -0.28% | 1.87% |
| 2051 | -0.26% | 1.88% |
| 2050 | -0.26% | 1.92% |
| 2049 | -0.25% | 1.97% |
| 2048 | -0.24% | 1.99% |
| 2047 | -0.24% | 2.03% |
| 2046 | -0.24% | 2.06% |
| 2045 | -0.23% | 2.09% |
| 2044 | -0.23% | 2.13% |
| 2043 | -0.22% | 2.16% |
| 2042 | -0.23% | 2.18% |
| 2041 | -0.22% | 2.21% |
| 2040 | -0.22% | 2.24% |
| 2039 | -0.22% | 2.29% |
| 2038 | -0.22% | 2.31% |
| 2037 | -0.21% | 2.36% |
| 2036 | -0.21% | 2.4% |
| 2035 | -0.2% | 2.44% |
| 2034 | -0.19% | 2.48% |
| 2033 | -0.18% | 2.51% |
| 2032 | -0.17% | 2.54% |
| 2031 | -0.16% | 2.58% |
| 2030 | -0.15% | 2.61% |
| 2029 | -0.14% | 2.64% |
| 2028 | -0.12% | 2.67% |
| 2027 | -0.08% | 2.73% |
| 2026 | 0.03% | 2.78% |
| 2025 | 0.19% | 2.86% |
| 2024 | 0.64% | 2.93% |
| 2023 | 0.5% | 3.01% |
| 2022 | 0.27% | 2.97% |
| 2021 | 0.21% | 2.93% |
| 2020 | 0.14% | 2.96% |
| 2019 | 0.11% | 3% |
| 2018 | 0.13% | 3.02% |
| 2017 | 0.23% | 3.03% |
| 2016 | 0.29% | 3.04% |
| 2015 | 0.33% | 3.05% |
| 2014 | 0.41% | 3.06% |
| 2013 | 0.46% | 3.19% |
| 2012 | 0.48% | 3.32% |
| 2011 | 0.46% | 3.3% |
| 2010 | 0.46% | 3.24% |
| 2009 | 0.48% | 3.18% |
| 2008 | 0.47% | 2.92% |
| 2007 | 0.43% | 2.63% |
| 2006 | 0.38% | 2.54% |
| 2005 | 0.34% | 2.45% |
| 2004 | 0.29% | 2.38% |
| 2003 | 0.24% | 2.31% |
| 2002 | 0.24% | 2.24% |
| 2001 | 0.23% | 2.5% |
| 2000 | 0.21% | 2.82% |
| 1999 | 0.23% | 2.71% |
| 1998 | 0.27% | 2.63% |
| 1997 | 0.3% | 2.25% |
| 1996 | 0.33% | 2% |
| 1995 | 0.38% | 2.78% |
| 1994 | 0.43% | 3.46% |
| 1993 | 0.49% | 4.13% |
| 1992 | 0.56% | 3.9% |
| 1991 | 0.55% | 2.96% |
| 1990 | 0.44% | 2.57% |
| 1989 | 0.36% | 2.54% |
| 1988 | 0.29% | 2.93% |
| 1987 | 0.28% | 2.92% |
| 1986 | 0.33% | 2.92% |
| 1985 | 0.42% | 2.93% |
| 1984 | 0.54% | 2.92% |
| 1983 | 0.6% | 2.92% |
| 1982 | 0.56% | 2.92% |
| 1981 | 0.43% | 2.91% |
| 1980 | 0.31% | 2.88% |
| 1979 | 0.26% | 2.88% |
| 1978 | 0.29% | 2.88% |
| 1977 | 0.28% | 2.92% |
| 1976 | 0.3% | 2.98% |
| 1975 | 0.44% | 2.99% |
| 1974 | 0.52% | 3.02% |
| 1973 | 0.57% | 3.04% |
| 1972 | 0.6% | 3.06% |
| 1971 | 0.13% | 3.08% |
| 1970 | -0.38% | 3.1% |
| 1969 | -0.06% | 3.09% |
| 1968 | 0.45% | 3.08% |
| 1967 | 0.54% | 3.05% |
| 1966 | 0.38% | 2.99% |
| 1965 | 0.33% | 2.93% |
| 1964 | 0.56% | 2.86% |
| 1963 | 0.71% | 2.79% |
| 1962 | 0.68% | 2.72% |
| 1961 | 0.71% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/mauritania | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Finland grew by 0.64%, while Mauritania's population grew by 2.93%.
Live population counters
|
Finland
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5631965
|
5505206
|
| Population rank | 120/197 | 122/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
14.6 minutes
|
3.58 minutes
|
| One birth every |
12.1 minutes
|
3.04 minutes
|
| One death every |
8.56 minutes
|
19 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +99 | +403 |
| Annual growth/decline | +36,000 | +146,954 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +0.64% | +2.93% |
| Population growth rate rank | 122/197 | 17/197 |
| One migration net change every |
28.9 minutes
|
1.74 hours
|
| Annual migration change | +18,246 | -5,044 |
| Net migration rank | 33/196 | 115/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 514,432 | 195,937 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 79/195 | 113/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 9.2% | 3.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 69/195 | 107/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Finland
|
Mauritania
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 18,246 | - | -5,044 |
| 2024 | - | 26,894 | - | -2,185 |
| 2023 | -17,869 | 38,156 | 145,164 | 2,999 |
| 2022 | -18,335 | 60,353 | 142,451 | 2,999 |
| 2021 | -7,757 | 22,484 | 137,557 | -1,483 |
| 2020 | -8,847 | 17,504 | 134,899 | -1,483 |
| 2019 | -8,282 | 15,671 | 134,460 | -3,019 |
| 2018 | -7,170 | 11,822 | 131,584 | -2,987 |
| 2017 | -3,856 | 13,356 | 128,562 | -3,001 |
| 2016 | -1,099 | 17,321 | 125,342 | -3,008 |
| 2015 | 2,740 | 12,655 | 122,092 | -3,019 |
| 2014 | 4,915 | 15,915 | 118,792 | -2,980 |
| 2013 | 6,527 | 18,164 | 115,558 | -2,987 |
| 2012 | 7,579 | 17,894 | 113,489 | 4,515 |
| 2011 | 9,160 | 16,798 | 111,165 | 3,272 |
| 2010 | 10,191 | 14,080 | 108,121 | 1,128 |
| 2009 | 10,678 | 14,877 | 105,273 | -1,481 |
| 2008 | 10,627 | 15,626 | 102,432 | -3,860 |
| 2007 | 9,519 | 14,027 | 98,895 | -17,048 |
| 2006 | 11,059 | 10,820 | 94,991 | -18,033 |
| 2005 | 9,968 | 9,251 | 90,940 | -18,693 |
| 2004 | 9,933 | 6,956 | 87,578 | -19,042 |
| 2003 | 7,819 | 5,929 | 83,804 | -19,104 |
| 2002 | 6,241 | 5,255 | 80,993 | -18,903 |
| 2001 | 7,263 | 6,241 | 78,769 | -21,067 |
| 2000 | 7,765 | 2,497 | 75,929 | -2,997 |
| 1999 | 7,748 | 3,604 | 73,554 | -2,999 |
| 1998 | 7,730 | 4,417 | 72,045 | -8,504 |
| 1997 | 9,766 | 4,925 | 71,327 | -8,187 |
| 1996 | 11,274 | 3,757 | 71,939 | -28,840 |
| 1995 | 13,791 | 4,325 | 72,244 | -22,997 |
| 1994 | 17,300 | 3,834 | 70,570 | 5,304 |
| 1993 | 13,679 | 9,036 | 68,167 | 6,217 |
| 1992 | 16,639 | 9,356 | 63,501 | 34,505 |
| 1991 | 16,044 | 14,515 | 61,782 | -2,997 |
| 1990 | 15,458 | 8,920 | 59,934 | -3,000 |
| 1989 | 14,396 | 5,775 | 58,666 | -17,941 |
| 1988 | 14,344 | 1,765 | 56,654 | -2,997 |
| 1987 | 11,837 | 831 | 55,037 | -2,998 |
| 1986 | 13,279 | 1,491 | 53,313 | -2,998 |
| 1985 | 14,707 | 2,416 | 52,125 | -2,998 |
| 1984 | 20,015 | 3,972 | 50,705 | -2,998 |
| 1983 | 21,851 | 6,925 | 49,187 | -2,998 |
| 1982 | 22,686 | 7,109 | 47,947 | -2,998 |
| 1981 | 18,720 | 5,287 | 46,641 | -2,998 |
| 1980 | 18,640 | -2,212 | 45,026 | -2,997 |
| 1979 | 19,535 | -6,612 | 43,537 | -2,997 |
| 1978 | 20,436 | -9,348 | 42,539 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 21,799 | -5,697 | 41,352 | -2,999 |
| 1976 | 21,738 | -11,843 | 40,149 | -1,645 |
| 1975 | 21,673 | -3,807 | 38,975 | -1,472 |
| 1974 | 17,824 | 5,891 | 38,106 | -1,321 |
| 1973 | 13,532 | 11,558 | 37,122 | -1,201 |
| 1972 | 14,847 | 12,613 | 36,184 | -1,139 |
| 1971 | 15,220 | 12,286 | 35,279 | -1,014 |
| 1970 | 20,268 | -36,579 | 34,382 | -855 |
| 1969 | 21,732 | -42,207 | 33,252 | -688 |
| 1968 | 28,684 | -15,561 | 32,029 | -565 |
| 1967 | 33,622 | -5,353 | 30,853 | -514 |
| 1966 | 34,356 | -12,059 | 29,502 | -466 |
| 1965 | 33,771 | -21,731 | 28,028 | -434 |
| 1964 | 38,208 | -20,414 | 26,565 | -390 |
| 1963 | 40,258 | -7,624 | 25,250 | -362 |
| 1962 | 38,627 | -6,852 | 23,927 | -342 |
| 1961 | 41,487 | -11,828 | 22,781 | -332 |
| 1960 | 42,082 | -9,489 | 21,604 | -318 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/mauritania | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 22.5% of the population change in Finland is from natural causes (a loss of 65,560 people) and 77.5% is from migration (a gain of 225,237 people). In Mauritania 98.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people).
As of 2024, 514,432 residents or 9.2% of the population were not native-born in Finland, compared to 195,937 people or 3.8% in Mauritania.
Biggest cities by population
|
Finland
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Helsinki | 687K |
| Espoo | 315K |
| Tampere | 255K |
| Vantaa | 248K |
| Oulu | 215K |
| Turku | 206K |
| Jyvaskyla | 148K |
| Kuopio | 124K |
| Lahti | 121K |
| Pori | 83.2K |
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Finland and Mauritania
|
Finland
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 82.4 years | 69.2 years |
| Average age | 44 years | 23 years |
| Median age | 44 years | 18.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.4:50.6 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 1.26 births per woman | 4.7 births per woman |
| Population density | 48 ppl/mi² | 13.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/finland/mauritania | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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