The latest officially reported population of Mauritania was 5,315,065 in 2025 vs 18,931,966 people in Senegal in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mauritania's population is 5,539,189 people compared to 19,596,169 in Senegal.
Population statistics:
- Senegal's population is 3.54 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Mauritania is ranked the 123rd most populous country in the world, while Senegal is the 68th.
- The countries together account for 0.3% of the world: 0.07% for Mauritania vs 0.24% for Senegal.
- For the last 10 years, Mauritania has had an average growth rate of +2.98% per year vs +2.68% in Senegal.
- Since 2006, the population of Mauritania has increased from 3.01M people to 5.54M (83.8% growth), while Senegal has grown from 11.5M to 19.6M (70.4% growth).
Mauritania vs Senegal: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mauritania
|
Senegal
|
|
| 2100 | 17,302,938 | 47,474,574 |
| 2099 | 17,195,692 | 47,302,101 |
| 2098 | 17,083,078 | 47,124,428 |
| 2097 | 16,968,365 | 46,935,783 |
| 2096 | 16,850,394 | 46,742,299 |
| 2095 | 16,732,430 | 46,541,530 |
| 2094 | 16,610,512 | 46,331,819 |
| 2093 | 16,485,880 | 46,117,446 |
| 2092 | 16,359,440 | 45,896,926 |
| 2091 | 16,229,167 | 45,669,419 |
| 2090 | 16,097,149 | 45,435,395 |
| 2089 | 15,962,562 | 45,190,699 |
| 2088 | 15,824,899 | 44,942,408 |
| 2087 | 15,683,760 | 44,685,891 |
| 2086 | 15,541,281 | 44,418,490 |
| 2085 | 15,397,701 | 44,143,926 |
| 2084 | 15,251,533 | 43,864,819 |
| 2083 | 15,102,125 | 43,572,529 |
| 2082 | 14,952,194 | 43,279,061 |
| 2081 | 14,799,309 | 42,978,412 |
| 2080 | 14,645,548 | 42,673,206 |
| 2079 | 14,490,500 | 42,360,446 |
| 2078 | 14,331,284 | 42,038,513 |
| 2077 | 14,170,045 | 41,710,573 |
| 2076 | 14,007,555 | 41,373,492 |
| 2075 | 13,843,393 | 41,024,071 |
| 2074 | 13,678,579 | 40,668,576 |
| 2073 | 13,512,182 | 40,306,673 |
| 2072 | 13,343,946 | 39,937,069 |
| 2071 | 13,172,876 | 39,562,087 |
| 2070 | 13,002,521 | 39,181,827 |
| 2069 | 12,830,090 | 38,789,497 |
| 2068 | 12,657,711 | 38,392,382 |
| 2067 | 12,482,299 | 37,991,278 |
| 2066 | 12,306,495 | 37,578,685 |
| 2065 | 12,131,679 | 37,162,056 |
| 2064 | 11,954,090 | 36,738,762 |
| 2063 | 11,778,351 | 36,312,562 |
| 2062 | 11,601,323 | 35,879,325 |
| 2061 | 11,424,089 | 35,443,454 |
| 2060 | 11,246,850 | 35,004,974 |
| 2059 | 11,067,732 | 34,566,478 |
| 2058 | 10,887,645 | 34,117,578 |
| 2057 | 10,709,500 | 33,668,392 |
| 2056 | 10,532,648 | 33,214,418 |
| 2055 | 10,354,318 | 32,760,822 |
| 2054 | 10,175,517 | 32,308,761 |
| 2053 | 9,995,645 | 31,854,267 |
| 2052 | 9,815,104 | 31,400,703 |
| 2051 | 9,635,288 | 30,944,985 |
| 2050 | 9,457,400 | 30,486,035 |
| 2049 | 9,279,576 | 30,028,301 |
| 2048 | 9,100,595 | 29,566,333 |
| 2047 | 8,923,220 | 29,107,317 |
| 2046 | 8,745,286 | 28,644,370 |
| 2045 | 8,568,910 | 28,183,606 |
| 2044 | 8,393,773 | 27,720,422 |
| 2043 | 8,218,850 | 27,256,832 |
| 2042 | 8,044,865 | 26,792,904 |
| 2041 | 7,873,599 | 26,328,316 |
| 2040 | 7,703,561 | 25,862,356 |
| 2039 | 7,534,623 | 25,394,612 |
| 2038 | 7,366,187 | 24,924,728 |
| 2037 | 7,199,542 | 24,453,976 |
| 2036 | 7,033,866 | 23,983,290 |
| 2035 | 6,869,186 | 23,511,966 |
| 2034 | 6,705,635 | 23,043,425 |
| 2033 | 6,543,505 | 22,574,895 |
| 2032 | 6,383,229 | 22,106,910 |
| 2031 | 6,225,030 | 21,639,797 |
| 2030 | 6,068,395 | 21,175,234 |
| 2029 | 5,914,109 | 20,716,123 |
| 2028 | 5,761,715 | 20,260,670 |
| 2027 | 5,611,635 | 19,811,163 |
| 2026 | 5,462,675 | 19,369,097 |
| 2025 | 5,315,065 | 18,931,966 |
| 2024 | 5,169,395 | 18,501,984 |
| 2023 | 5,022,441 | 18,077,573 |
| 2022 | 4,875,637 | 17,651,103 |
| 2021 | 4,734,874 | 17,220,867 |
| 2020 | 4,600,131 | 16,789,219 |
| 2019 | 4,467,708 | 16,352,922 |
| 2018 | 4,337,685 | 15,914,498 |
| 2017 | 4,210,600 | 15,475,002 |
| 2016 | 4,086,657 | 15,034,521 |
| 2015 | 3,965,959 | 14,593,331 |
| 2014 | 3,848,514 | 14,152,102 |
| 2013 | 3,734,318 | 13,710,849 |
| 2012 | 3,619,034 | 13,310,495 |
| 2011 | 3,502,811 | 12,958,897 |
| 2010 | 3,390,965 | 12,635,413 |
| 2009 | 3,284,448 | 12,337,389 |
| 2008 | 3,183,269 | 12,048,959 |
| 2007 | 3,093,059 | 11,770,344 |
| 2006 | 3,013,660 | 11,500,094 |
| 2005 | 2,939,059 | 11,235,472 |
| 2004 | 2,868,664 | 10,975,704 |
| 2003 | 2,802,046 | 10,721,176 |
| 2002 | 2,738,655 | 10,466,214 |
| 2001 | 2,678,760 | 10,212,942 |
| 2000 | 2,613,441 | 9,968,260 |
| 1999 | 2,541,698 | 9,730,887 |
| 1998 | 2,474,651 | 9,502,952 |
| 1997 | 2,411,306 | 9,283,495 |
| 1996 | 2,358,188 | 9,067,014 |
| 1995 | 2,312,017 | 8,848,101 |
| 1994 | 2,249,454 | 8,624,078 |
| 1993 | 2,174,328 | 8,396,288 |
| 1992 | 2,088,135 | 8,168,395 |
| 1991 | 2,009,738 | 7,943,085 |
| 1990 | 1,951,878 | 7,720,523 |
| 1989 | 1,903,048 | 7,502,207 |
| 1988 | 1,855,859 | 7,289,618 |
| 1987 | 1,803,014 | 7,081,530 |
| 1986 | 1,751,835 | 6,878,192 |
| 1985 | 1,702,107 | 6,683,287 |
| 1984 | 1,653,693 | 6,499,364 |
| 1983 | 1,606,746 | 6,324,504 |
| 1982 | 1,561,176 | 6,156,961 |
| 1981 | 1,516,877 | 5,997,160 |
| 1980 | 1,474,043 | 5,845,638 |
| 1979 | 1,432,758 | 5,702,895 |
| 1978 | 1,392,713 | 5,568,096 |
| 1977 | 1,353,768 | 5,439,549 |
| 1976 | 1,315,336 | 5,308,564 |
| 1975 | 1,277,330 | 5,170,810 |
| 1974 | 1,240,188 | 5,029,437 |
| 1973 | 1,203,838 | 4,885,181 |
| 1972 | 1,168,355 | 4,741,631 |
| 1971 | 1,133,702 | 4,601,864 |
| 1970 | 1,099,806 | 4,466,328 |
| 1969 | 1,066,754 | 4,334,974 |
| 1968 | 1,034,739 | 4,207,587 |
| 1967 | 1,003,843 | 4,083,870 |
| 1966 | 974,157 | 3,964,299 |
| 1965 | 945,838 | 3,849,788 |
| 1964 | 918,955 | 3,740,535 |
| 1963 | 893,423 | 3,635,876 |
| 1962 | 869,184 | 3,534,686 |
| 1961 | 846,167 | 3,436,375 |
| 1960 | 824,298 | 3,340,907 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/senegal | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mauritania increased by 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth), while Senegal gained 3,534,427 people (a 30.7% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mauritania gained 1,452,532 people (a 35.5% growth), while Senegal's population increased by 4,561,648 people (a 30.3% growth).
Mauritania was ranked 132nd most populous country in 2006 and is 123rd in 2026. Senegal was ranked 72nd in 2006 and ranked 68th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mauritania's population will grow by 70.7% to 9,457,400 people with a rank change from 123rd to 103rd. The population of Senegal will increase by 55.6% to 30,486,035 people and rank change from 68th to 63rd.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people compared to the peak of 47.5M people in 2100 for Senegal.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Senegal
|
|
| 2100 | 0.62% | 0.36% |
| 2099 | 0.66% | 0.38% |
| 2098 | 0.68% | 0.4% |
| 2097 | 0.7% | 0.41% |
| 2096 | 0.7% | 0.43% |
| 2095 | 0.73% | 0.45% |
| 2094 | 0.76% | 0.46% |
| 2093 | 0.77% | 0.48% |
| 2092 | 0.8% | 0.5% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | 0.52% |
| 2090 | 0.84% | 0.54% |
| 2089 | 0.87% | 0.55% |
| 2088 | 0.9% | 0.57% |
| 2087 | 0.92% | 0.6% |
| 2086 | 0.93% | 0.62% |
| 2085 | 0.96% | 0.64% |
| 2084 | 0.99% | 0.67% |
| 2083 | 1% | 0.68% |
| 2082 | 1.03% | 0.7% |
| 2081 | 1.05% | 0.72% |
| 2080 | 1.07% | 0.74% |
| 2079 | 1.11% | 0.77% |
| 2078 | 1.14% | 0.79% |
| 2077 | 1.16% | 0.81% |
| 2076 | 1.19% | 0.85% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | 0.87% |
| 2074 | 1.23% | 0.9% |
| 2073 | 1.26% | 0.93% |
| 2072 | 1.3% | 0.95% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | 0.97% |
| 2070 | 1.34% | 1.01% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | 1.03% |
| 2068 | 1.41% | 1.06% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | 1.1% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | 1.12% |
| 2065 | 1.49% | 1.15% |
| 2064 | 1.49% | 1.17% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | 1.21% |
| 2062 | 1.55% | 1.23% |
| 2061 | 1.58% | 1.25% |
| 2060 | 1.62% | 1.27% |
| 2059 | 1.65% | 1.32% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | 1.33% |
| 2057 | 1.68% | 1.37% |
| 2056 | 1.72% | 1.38% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | 1.4% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | 1.43% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | 1.44% |
| 2052 | 1.87% | 1.47% |
| 2051 | 1.88% | 1.51% |
| 2050 | 1.92% | 1.52% |
| 2049 | 1.97% | 1.56% |
| 2048 | 1.99% | 1.58% |
| 2047 | 2.03% | 1.62% |
| 2046 | 2.06% | 1.63% |
| 2045 | 2.09% | 1.67% |
| 2044 | 2.13% | 1.7% |
| 2043 | 2.16% | 1.73% |
| 2042 | 2.18% | 1.76% |
| 2041 | 2.21% | 1.8% |
| 2040 | 2.24% | 1.84% |
| 2039 | 2.29% | 1.89% |
| 2038 | 2.31% | 1.93% |
| 2037 | 2.36% | 1.96% |
| 2036 | 2.4% | 2% |
| 2035 | 2.44% | 2.03% |
| 2034 | 2.48% | 2.08% |
| 2033 | 2.51% | 2.12% |
| 2032 | 2.54% | 2.16% |
| 2031 | 2.58% | 2.19% |
| 2030 | 2.61% | 2.22% |
| 2029 | 2.64% | 2.25% |
| 2028 | 2.67% | 2.27% |
| 2027 | 2.73% | 2.28% |
| 2026 | 2.78% | 2.31% |
| 2025 | 2.82% | 2.32% |
| 2024 | 2.93% | 2.35% |
| 2023 | 3.01% | 2.42% |
| 2022 | 2.97% | 2.5% |
| 2021 | 2.93% | 2.57% |
| 2020 | 2.96% | 2.67% |
| 2019 | 3% | 2.75% |
| 2018 | 3.02% | 2.84% |
| 2017 | 3.03% | 2.93% |
| 2016 | 3.04% | 3.02% |
| 2015 | 3.05% | 3.12% |
| 2014 | 3.06% | 3.22% |
| 2013 | 3.19% | 3.01% |
| 2012 | 3.32% | 2.71% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | 2.56% |
| 2010 | 3.24% | 2.42% |
| 2009 | 3.18% | 2.39% |
| 2008 | 2.92% | 2.37% |
| 2007 | 2.63% | 2.35% |
| 2006 | 2.54% | 2.36% |
| 2005 | 2.45% | 2.37% |
| 2004 | 2.38% | 2.37% |
| 2003 | 2.31% | 2.44% |
| 2002 | 2.24% | 2.48% |
| 2001 | 2.5% | 2.45% |
| 2000 | 2.82% | 2.44% |
| 1999 | 2.71% | 2.4% |
| 1998 | 2.63% | 2.36% |
| 1997 | 2.25% | 2.39% |
| 1996 | 2% | 2.47% |
| 1995 | 2.78% | 2.6% |
| 1994 | 3.46% | 2.71% |
| 1993 | 4.13% | 2.79% |
| 1992 | 3.9% | 2.84% |
| 1991 | 2.96% | 2.88% |
| 1990 | 2.57% | 2.91% |
| 1989 | 2.54% | 2.92% |
| 1988 | 2.93% | 2.94% |
| 1987 | 2.92% | 2.96% |
| 1986 | 2.92% | 2.92% |
| 1985 | 2.93% | 2.83% |
| 1984 | 2.92% | 2.76% |
| 1983 | 2.92% | 2.72% |
| 1982 | 2.92% | 2.66% |
| 1981 | 2.91% | 2.59% |
| 1980 | 2.88% | 2.5% |
| 1979 | 2.88% | 2.42% |
| 1978 | 2.88% | 2.36% |
| 1977 | 2.92% | 2.47% |
| 1976 | 2.98% | 2.66% |
| 1975 | 2.99% | 2.81% |
| 1974 | 3.02% | 2.95% |
| 1973 | 3.04% | 3.03% |
| 1972 | 3.06% | 3.04% |
| 1971 | 3.08% | 3.03% |
| 1970 | 3.1% | 3.03% |
| 1969 | 3.09% | 3.03% |
| 1968 | 3.08% | 3.03% |
| 1967 | 3.05% | 3.02% |
| 1966 | 2.99% | 2.97% |
| 1965 | 2.93% | 2.92% |
| 1964 | 2.86% | 2.88% |
| 1963 | 2.79% | 2.86% |
| 1962 | 2.72% | 2.86% |
| 1961 | 2.65% | 2.86% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/senegal | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Mauritania grew by 2.82%, while Senegal's population grew by 2.32%.
Live population counters
|
Mauritania
|
Senegal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5539189
|
19596169
|
| Population rank | 123/197 | 68/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.24% |
| One net population change |
3.62 minutes
|
1.23 minutes
|
| One birth every |
2.99 minutes
|
58.4 seconds
|
| One death every |
18.8 minutes
|
5.16 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +399 | +1,178 |
| Annual growth/decline | +145,670 | +429,982 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.82% | +2.32% |
| Population growth rate rank | 18/197 | 35/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.74 hours
|
41.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,044 | -12,636 |
| Net migration rank | 115/196 | 138/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 195,937 | 281,867 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 113/195 | 100/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.8% | 1.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 107/195 | 146/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Senegal
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,044 | - | -12,636 |
| 2024 | 147,927 | -2,185 | 438,108 | -10,307 |
| 2023 | 145,164 | 2,999 | 431,006 | -9,999 |
| 2022 | 142,451 | 2,999 | 415,507 | 16,425 |
| 2021 | 137,557 | -1,483 | 403,019 | 25,519 |
| 2020 | 134,899 | -1,483 | 400,910 | 33,848 |
| 2019 | 134,460 | -3,019 | 399,436 | 38,386 |
| 2018 | 131,584 | -2,987 | 405,454 | 33,567 |
| 2017 | 128,562 | -3,001 | 410,366 | 29,605 |
| 2016 | 125,342 | -3,008 | 411,480 | 29,498 |
| 2015 | 122,092 | -3,019 | 407,008 | 34,387 |
| 2014 | 118,792 | -2,980 | 405,019 | 36,030 |
| 2013 | 115,558 | -2,987 | 406,582 | 34,878 |
| 2012 | 113,489 | 4,515 | 402,243 | -42,978 |
| 2011 | 111,165 | 3,272 | 387,290 | -43,350 |
| 2010 | 108,121 | 1,128 | 372,934 | -69,888 |
| 2009 | 105,273 | -1,481 | 362,238 | -69,239 |
| 2008 | 102,432 | -3,860 | 351,661 | -67,812 |
| 2007 | 98,895 | -17,048 | 339,963 | -66,580 |
| 2006 | 94,991 | -18,033 | 331,364 | -64,254 |
| 2005 | 90,940 | -18,693 | 323,908 | -61,781 |
| 2004 | 87,578 | -19,042 | 317,286 | -59,879 |
| 2003 | 83,804 | -19,104 | 308,856 | -57,213 |
| 2002 | 80,993 | -18,903 | 298,842 | -40,554 |
| 2001 | 78,769 | -21,067 | 289,690 | -41,422 |
| 2000 | 75,929 | -2,997 | 283,946 | -42,854 |
| 1999 | 73,554 | -2,999 | 277,944 | -44,284 |
| 1998 | 72,045 | -8,504 | 267,404 | -45,189 |
| 1997 | 71,327 | -8,187 | 261,200 | -44,506 |
| 1996 | 71,939 | -28,840 | 255,418 | -39,162 |
| 1995 | 72,244 | -22,997 | 252,552 | -31,001 |
| 1994 | 70,570 | 5,304 | 249,115 | -22,633 |
| 1993 | 68,167 | 6,217 | 245,742 | -16,649 |
| 1992 | 63,501 | 34,505 | 241,482 | -14,796 |
| 1991 | 61,782 | -2,997 | 237,713 | -13,783 |
| 1990 | 59,934 | -3,000 | 234,155 | -12,959 |
| 1989 | 58,666 | -17,941 | 227,797 | -12,362 |
| 1988 | 56,654 | -2,997 | 221,772 | -12,036 |
| 1987 | 55,037 | -2,998 | 218,522 | -12,086 |
| 1986 | 53,313 | -2,998 | 212,887 | -12,655 |
| 1985 | 52,125 | -2,998 | 208,218 | -18,644 |
| 1984 | 50,705 | -2,998 | 203,125 | -24,858 |
| 1983 | 49,187 | -2,998 | 197,673 | -26,222 |
| 1982 | 47,947 | -2,998 | 191,309 | -27,672 |
| 1981 | 46,641 | -2,998 | 185,917 | -29,959 |
| 1980 | 45,026 | -2,997 | 179,707 | -32,616 |
| 1979 | 43,537 | -2,997 | 173,425 | -35,022 |
| 1978 | 42,539 | -2,998 | 167,744 | -36,559 |
| 1977 | 41,352 | -2,999 | 161,636 | -35,731 |
| 1976 | 40,149 | -1,645 | 154,776 | -18,716 |
| 1975 | 38,975 | -1,472 | 147,311 | -7,870 |
| 1974 | 38,106 | -1,321 | 139,974 | 3,347 |
| 1973 | 37,122 | -1,201 | 133,834 | 11,382 |
| 1972 | 36,184 | -1,139 | 128,024 | 13,852 |
| 1971 | 35,279 | -1,014 | 122,511 | 15,131 |
| 1970 | 34,382 | -855 | 117,264 | 16,168 |
| 1969 | 33,252 | -688 | 112,393 | 16,887 |
| 1968 | 32,029 | -565 | 108,240 | 17,264 |
| 1967 | 30,853 | -514 | 104,824 | 17,107 |
| 1966 | 29,502 | -466 | 101,359 | 15,849 |
| 1965 | 28,028 | -434 | 97,912 | 13,913 |
| 1964 | 26,565 | -390 | 94,797 | 11,892 |
| 1963 | 25,250 | -362 | 92,264 | 10,371 |
| 1962 | 23,927 | -342 | 89,937 | 9,809 |
| 1961 | 22,781 | -332 | 87,322 | 9,549 |
| 1960 | 21,604 | -318 | 84,735 | 9,337 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/senegal | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99% of the population change in Mauritania is from natural causes (a gain of 1,350,038 people) and 1.04% is from migration (a loss of 14,187 people). In Senegal 94.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 4,122,294 people) and 5.09% is from migration (a gain of 220,929 people).
As of 2024, 195,937 residents or 3.8% of the population were not native-born in Mauritania, compared to 281,867 people or 1.5% in Senegal.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
|
Senegal
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Dakar | 1.44M |
| Thies | 391K |
| Rufisque | 295K |
| Saint-Louis | 259K |
| Ziguinchor | 215K |
| Kaolack | 172K |
| Louga | 113K |
| Kolda | 62.3K |
| Fatick | 39.4K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mauritania and Senegal
|
Mauritania
|
Senegal
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.2 years | 69.4 years |
| Average age | 23.1 years | 24.7 years |
| Median age | 18.5 years | 20.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 50.8:49.2 |
| Fertility rate | 4.63 births per woman | 3.77 births per woman |
| Population density | 13.7 ppl/mi² | 260.6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/senegal | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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