The latest officially reported population of Mauritania was 5,315,065 in 2025 vs 5,610,870 people in Norway in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mauritania's population is 5,539,189 people compared to 5,660,666 in Norway.
Population statistics:
- Norway's population is 1.02 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Mauritania is ranked the 123rd most populous country in the world, while Norway is the 119th.
- The countries together account for 0.13% of the world: 0.07% for Mauritania vs 0.07% for Norway.
- For the last 10 years, Mauritania has had an average growth rate of +2.98% per year vs +0.81% in Norway.
- Since 2006, the population of Mauritania has increased from 3.01M people to 5.54M (83.8% growth), while Norway has grown from 4.66M to 5.66M (21.5% growth).
Mauritania vs Norway: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mauritania
|
Norway
|
|
| 2100 | 17,302,938 | 5,426,970 |
| 2099 | 17,195,692 | 5,439,664 |
| 2098 | 17,083,078 | 5,451,717 |
| 2097 | 16,968,365 | 5,463,190 |
| 2096 | 16,850,394 | 5,474,994 |
| 2095 | 16,732,430 | 5,487,368 |
| 2094 | 16,610,512 | 5,499,514 |
| 2093 | 16,485,880 | 5,512,056 |
| 2092 | 16,359,440 | 5,524,021 |
| 2091 | 16,229,167 | 5,535,989 |
| 2090 | 16,097,149 | 5,548,825 |
| 2089 | 15,962,562 | 5,561,462 |
| 2088 | 15,824,899 | 5,574,757 |
| 2087 | 15,683,760 | 5,588,831 |
| 2086 | 15,541,281 | 5,602,569 |
| 2085 | 15,397,701 | 5,616,010 |
| 2084 | 15,251,533 | 5,629,675 |
| 2083 | 15,102,125 | 5,642,568 |
| 2082 | 14,952,194 | 5,654,975 |
| 2081 | 14,799,309 | 5,666,885 |
| 2080 | 14,645,548 | 5,678,624 |
| 2079 | 14,490,500 | 5,689,711 |
| 2078 | 14,331,284 | 5,700,349 |
| 2077 | 14,170,045 | 5,710,483 |
| 2076 | 14,007,555 | 5,720,209 |
| 2075 | 13,843,393 | 5,729,904 |
| 2074 | 13,678,579 | 5,739,940 |
| 2073 | 13,512,182 | 5,749,872 |
| 2072 | 13,343,946 | 5,759,499 |
| 2071 | 13,172,876 | 5,768,298 |
| 2070 | 13,002,521 | 5,777,747 |
| 2069 | 12,830,090 | 5,786,471 |
| 2068 | 12,657,711 | 5,795,734 |
| 2067 | 12,482,299 | 5,805,627 |
| 2066 | 12,306,495 | 5,815,585 |
| 2065 | 12,131,679 | 5,825,356 |
| 2064 | 11,954,090 | 5,835,081 |
| 2063 | 11,778,351 | 5,844,519 |
| 2062 | 11,601,323 | 5,853,646 |
| 2061 | 11,424,089 | 5,861,677 |
| 2060 | 11,246,850 | 5,869,390 |
| 2059 | 11,067,732 | 5,875,920 |
| 2058 | 10,887,645 | 5,881,790 |
| 2057 | 10,709,500 | 5,888,181 |
| 2056 | 10,532,648 | 5,894,125 |
| 2055 | 10,354,318 | 5,899,106 |
| 2054 | 10,175,517 | 5,903,121 |
| 2053 | 9,995,645 | 5,906,126 |
| 2052 | 9,815,104 | 5,907,281 |
| 2051 | 9,635,288 | 5,907,735 |
| 2050 | 9,457,400 | 5,907,355 |
| 2049 | 9,279,576 | 5,905,940 |
| 2048 | 9,100,595 | 5,903,025 |
| 2047 | 8,923,220 | 5,899,964 |
| 2046 | 8,745,286 | 5,896,254 |
| 2045 | 8,568,910 | 5,891,177 |
| 2044 | 8,393,773 | 5,886,031 |
| 2043 | 8,218,850 | 5,880,486 |
| 2042 | 8,044,865 | 5,873,632 |
| 2041 | 7,873,599 | 5,865,604 |
| 2040 | 7,703,561 | 5,857,447 |
| 2039 | 7,534,623 | 5,848,023 |
| 2038 | 7,366,187 | 5,837,628 |
| 2037 | 7,199,542 | 5,826,752 |
| 2036 | 7,033,866 | 5,815,042 |
| 2035 | 6,869,186 | 5,802,966 |
| 2034 | 6,705,635 | 5,790,086 |
| 2033 | 6,543,505 | 5,776,187 |
| 2032 | 6,383,229 | 5,761,261 |
| 2031 | 6,225,030 | 5,745,071 |
| 2030 | 6,068,395 | 5,728,104 |
| 2029 | 5,914,109 | 5,710,229 |
| 2028 | 5,761,715 | 5,691,155 |
| 2027 | 5,611,635 | 5,670,783 |
| 2026 | 5,462,675 | 5,649,981 |
| 2025 | 5,315,065 | 5,610,870 |
| 2024 | 5,169,395 | 5,572,279 |
| 2023 | 5,022,441 | 5,519,601 |
| 2022 | 4,875,637 | 5,457,127 |
| 2021 | 4,734,874 | 5,408,320 |
| 2020 | 4,600,131 | 5,379,475 |
| 2019 | 4,467,708 | 5,347,896 |
| 2018 | 4,337,685 | 5,311,916 |
| 2017 | 4,210,600 | 5,276,968 |
| 2016 | 4,086,657 | 5,234,519 |
| 2015 | 3,965,959 | 5,188,607 |
| 2014 | 3,848,514 | 5,137,232 |
| 2013 | 3,734,318 | 5,079,623 |
| 2012 | 3,619,034 | 5,018,573 |
| 2011 | 3,502,811 | 4,953,088 |
| 2010 | 3,390,965 | 4,889,252 |
| 2009 | 3,284,448 | 4,828,726 |
| 2008 | 3,183,269 | 4,768,212 |
| 2007 | 3,093,059 | 4,709,153 |
| 2006 | 3,013,660 | 4,660,677 |
| 2005 | 2,939,059 | 4,623,291 |
| 2004 | 2,868,664 | 4,591,910 |
| 2003 | 2,802,046 | 4,564,855 |
| 2002 | 2,738,655 | 4,538,159 |
| 2001 | 2,678,760 | 4,513,751 |
| 2000 | 2,613,441 | 4,490,967 |
| 1999 | 2,541,698 | 4,461,913 |
| 1998 | 2,474,651 | 4,431,464 |
| 1997 | 2,411,306 | 4,405,157 |
| 1996 | 2,358,188 | 4,381,336 |
| 1995 | 2,312,017 | 4,359,184 |
| 1994 | 2,249,454 | 4,336,613 |
| 1993 | 2,174,328 | 4,311,991 |
| 1992 | 2,088,135 | 4,286,401 |
| 1991 | 2,009,738 | 4,261,732 |
| 1990 | 1,951,878 | 4,241,473 |
| 1989 | 1,903,048 | 4,226,901 |
| 1988 | 1,855,859 | 4,209,488 |
| 1987 | 1,803,014 | 4,186,905 |
| 1986 | 1,751,835 | 4,167,354 |
| 1985 | 1,702,107 | 4,152,516 |
| 1984 | 1,653,693 | 4,140,099 |
| 1983 | 1,606,746 | 4,128,432 |
| 1982 | 1,561,176 | 4,114,787 |
| 1981 | 1,516,877 | 4,099,702 |
| 1980 | 1,474,043 | 4,085,620 |
| 1979 | 1,432,758 | 4,072,517 |
| 1978 | 1,392,713 | 4,058,671 |
| 1977 | 1,353,768 | 4,043,205 |
| 1976 | 1,315,336 | 4,026,152 |
| 1975 | 1,277,330 | 4,007,313 |
| 1974 | 1,240,188 | 3,985,258 |
| 1973 | 1,203,838 | 3,960,612 |
| 1972 | 1,168,355 | 3,933,004 |
| 1971 | 1,133,702 | 3,903,039 |
| 1970 | 1,099,806 | 3,875,763 |
| 1969 | 1,066,754 | 3,847,707 |
| 1968 | 1,034,739 | 3,816,486 |
| 1967 | 1,003,843 | 3,784,539 |
| 1966 | 974,157 | 3,753,012 |
| 1965 | 945,838 | 3,723,168 |
| 1964 | 918,955 | 3,694,339 |
| 1963 | 893,423 | 3,666,537 |
| 1962 | 869,184 | 3,638,918 |
| 1961 | 846,167 | 3,609,800 |
| 1960 | 824,298 | 3,581,239 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/norway | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mauritania increased by 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth), while Norway gained 573,842 people (a 12.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mauritania gained 1,452,532 people (a 35.5% growth), while Norway's population increased by 426,147 people (a 8.14% growth).
Mauritania was ranked 132nd most populous country in 2006 and is 123rd in 2026. Norway was ranked 116th in 2006 and ranked 119th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mauritania's population will grow by 70.7% to 9,457,400 people with a rank change from 123rd to 103rd. The population of Norway will increase by 4.36% to 5,907,355 people and rank change from 119th to 121st.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people compared to the peak of 5.91M people in 2051 for Norway.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Norway
|
|
| 2100 | 0.62% | -0.23% |
| 2099 | 0.66% | -0.22% |
| 2098 | 0.68% | -0.21% |
| 2097 | 0.7% | -0.22% |
| 2096 | 0.7% | -0.23% |
| 2095 | 0.73% | -0.22% |
| 2094 | 0.76% | -0.23% |
| 2093 | 0.77% | -0.22% |
| 2092 | 0.8% | -0.22% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -0.23% |
| 2090 | 0.84% | -0.23% |
| 2089 | 0.87% | -0.24% |
| 2088 | 0.9% | -0.25% |
| 2087 | 0.92% | -0.25% |
| 2086 | 0.93% | -0.24% |
| 2085 | 0.96% | -0.24% |
| 2084 | 0.99% | -0.23% |
| 2083 | 1% | -0.22% |
| 2082 | 1.03% | -0.21% |
| 2081 | 1.05% | -0.21% |
| 2080 | 1.07% | -0.19% |
| 2079 | 1.11% | -0.19% |
| 2078 | 1.14% | -0.18% |
| 2077 | 1.16% | -0.17% |
| 2076 | 1.19% | -0.17% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | -0.17% |
| 2074 | 1.23% | -0.17% |
| 2073 | 1.26% | -0.17% |
| 2072 | 1.3% | -0.15% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | -0.16% |
| 2070 | 1.34% | -0.15% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | -0.16% |
| 2068 | 1.41% | -0.17% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | -0.17% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | -0.17% |
| 2065 | 1.49% | -0.17% |
| 2064 | 1.49% | -0.16% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | -0.16% |
| 2062 | 1.55% | -0.14% |
| 2061 | 1.58% | -0.13% |
| 2060 | 1.62% | -0.11% |
| 2059 | 1.65% | -0.1% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | -0.11% |
| 2057 | 1.68% | -0.1% |
| 2056 | 1.72% | -0.08% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | -0.07% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | -0.05% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | -0.02% |
| 2052 | 1.87% | -0.008% |
| 2051 | 1.88% | 0.006% |
| 2050 | 1.92% | 0.02% |
| 2049 | 1.97% | 0.05% |
| 2048 | 1.99% | 0.05% |
| 2047 | 2.03% | 0.06% |
| 2046 | 2.06% | 0.09% |
| 2045 | 2.09% | 0.09% |
| 2044 | 2.13% | 0.09% |
| 2043 | 2.16% | 0.12% |
| 2042 | 2.18% | 0.14% |
| 2041 | 2.21% | 0.14% |
| 2040 | 2.24% | 0.16% |
| 2039 | 2.29% | 0.18% |
| 2038 | 2.31% | 0.19% |
| 2037 | 2.36% | 0.2% |
| 2036 | 2.4% | 0.21% |
| 2035 | 2.44% | 0.22% |
| 2034 | 2.48% | 0.24% |
| 2033 | 2.51% | 0.26% |
| 2032 | 2.54% | 0.28% |
| 2031 | 2.58% | 0.3% |
| 2030 | 2.61% | 0.31% |
| 2029 | 2.64% | 0.34% |
| 2028 | 2.67% | 0.36% |
| 2027 | 2.73% | 0.37% |
| 2026 | 2.78% | 0.7% |
| 2025 | 2.82% | 0.69% |
| 2024 | 2.93% | 0.95% |
| 2023 | 3.01% | 1.14% |
| 2022 | 2.97% | 0.9% |
| 2021 | 2.93% | 0.54% |
| 2020 | 2.96% | 0.59% |
| 2019 | 3% | 0.68% |
| 2018 | 3.02% | 0.66% |
| 2017 | 3.03% | 0.81% |
| 2016 | 3.04% | 0.88% |
| 2015 | 3.05% | 1% |
| 2014 | 3.06% | 1.13% |
| 2013 | 3.19% | 1.22% |
| 2012 | 3.32% | 1.32% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | 1.31% |
| 2010 | 3.24% | 1.25% |
| 2009 | 3.18% | 1.27% |
| 2008 | 2.92% | 1.25% |
| 2007 | 2.63% | 1.04% |
| 2006 | 2.54% | 0.81% |
| 2005 | 2.45% | 0.68% |
| 2004 | 2.38% | 0.59% |
| 2003 | 2.31% | 0.59% |
| 2002 | 2.24% | 0.54% |
| 2001 | 2.5% | 0.51% |
| 2000 | 2.82% | 0.65% |
| 1999 | 2.71% | 0.69% |
| 1998 | 2.63% | 0.6% |
| 1997 | 2.25% | 0.54% |
| 1996 | 2% | 0.51% |
| 1995 | 2.78% | 0.52% |
| 1994 | 3.46% | 0.57% |
| 1993 | 4.13% | 0.6% |
| 1992 | 3.9% | 0.58% |
| 1991 | 2.96% | 0.48% |
| 1990 | 2.57% | 0.34% |
| 1989 | 2.54% | 0.41% |
| 1988 | 2.93% | 0.54% |
| 1987 | 2.92% | 0.47% |
| 1986 | 2.92% | 0.36% |
| 1985 | 2.93% | 0.3% |
| 1984 | 2.92% | 0.28% |
| 1983 | 2.92% | 0.33% |
| 1982 | 2.92% | 0.37% |
| 1981 | 2.91% | 0.34% |
| 1980 | 2.88% | 0.32% |
| 1979 | 2.88% | 0.34% |
| 1978 | 2.88% | 0.38% |
| 1977 | 2.92% | 0.42% |
| 1976 | 2.98% | 0.47% |
| 1975 | 2.99% | 0.55% |
| 1974 | 3.02% | 0.62% |
| 1973 | 3.04% | 0.7% |
| 1972 | 3.06% | 0.77% |
| 1971 | 3.08% | 0.7% |
| 1970 | 3.1% | 0.73% |
| 1969 | 3.09% | 0.82% |
| 1968 | 3.08% | 0.84% |
| 1967 | 3.05% | 0.84% |
| 1966 | 2.99% | 0.8% |
| 1965 | 2.93% | 0.78% |
| 1964 | 2.86% | 0.76% |
| 1963 | 2.79% | 0.76% |
| 1962 | 2.72% | 0.81% |
| 1961 | 2.65% | 0.8% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/norway | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Mauritania grew by 2.82%, while Norway's population grew by 0.69%.
Live population counters
|
Mauritania
|
Norway
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5539189
|
5660666
|
| Population rank | 123/197 | 119/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
3.62 minutes
|
13.7 minutes
|
| One birth every |
2.99 minutes
|
9.72 minutes
|
| One death every |
18.8 minutes
|
11.9 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +399 | +106 |
| Annual growth/decline | +145,670 | +38,591 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.82% | +0.69% |
| Population growth rate rank | 18/197 | 117/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.74 hours
|
17.7 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,044 | +29,798 |
| Net migration rank | 115/196 | 29/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 195,937 | 1,012,404 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 113/195 | 60/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.8% | 18.2% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 107/195 | 33/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Norway
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,044 | - | 29,798 |
| 2024 | 147,927 | -2,185 | 10,030 | 44,356 |
| 2023 | 145,164 | 2,999 | 8,280 | 53,806 |
| 2022 | 142,451 | 2,999 | 5,457 | 58,040 |
| 2021 | 137,557 | -1,483 | 14,062 | 19,804 |
| 2020 | 134,899 | -1,483 | 12,372 | 11,277 |
| 2019 | 134,460 | -3,019 | 13,904 | 25,707 |
| 2018 | 131,584 | -2,987 | 14,342 | 18,473 |
| 2017 | 128,562 | -3,001 | 15,831 | 21,657 |
| 2016 | 125,342 | -3,008 | 17,797 | 26,417 |
| 2015 | 122,092 | -3,019 | 18,160 | 30,242 |
| 2014 | 118,792 | -2,980 | 18,494 | 38,522 |
| 2013 | 115,558 | -2,987 | 17,779 | 40,690 |
| 2012 | 113,489 | 4,515 | 18,066 | 47,883 |
| 2011 | 111,165 | 3,272 | 18,822 | 47,454 |
| 2010 | 108,121 | 1,128 | 20,046 | 42,865 |
| 2009 | 105,273 | -1,481 | 20,280 | 39,316 |
| 2008 | 102,432 | -3,860 | 19,073 | 44,002 |
| 2007 | 98,895 | -17,048 | 16,482 | 40,111 |
| 2006 | 94,991 | -18,033 | 17,244 | 24,054 |
| 2005 | 90,940 | -18,693 | 15,719 | 18,588 |
| 2004 | 87,578 | -19,042 | 15,612 | 13,412 |
| 2003 | 83,804 | -19,104 | 14,151 | 11,389 |
| 2002 | 80,993 | -18,903 | 10,892 | 17,279 |
| 2001 | 78,769 | -21,067 | 13,090 | 7,906 |
| 2000 | 75,929 | -2,997 | 15,269 | 9,805 |
| 1999 | 73,554 | -2,999 | 14,278 | 19,147 |
| 1998 | 72,045 | -8,504 | 14,181 | 13,519 |
| 1997 | 71,327 | -8,187 | 15,418 | 9,744 |
| 1996 | 71,939 | -28,840 | 17,087 | 5,671 |
| 1995 | 72,244 | -22,997 | 14,821 | 6,343 |
| 1994 | 70,570 | 5,304 | 16,045 | 7,580 |
| 1993 | 68,167 | 6,217 | 12,936 | 12,567 |
| 1992 | 63,501 | 34,505 | 15,431 | 10,218 |
| 1991 | 61,782 | -2,997 | 16,194 | 7,949 |
| 1990 | 59,934 | -3,000 | 14,845 | 1,818 |
| 1989 | 58,666 | -17,941 | 13,949 | -1,730 |
| 1988 | 56,654 | -2,997 | 12,207 | 10,380 |
| 1987 | 55,037 | -2,998 | 9,212 | 13,907 |
| 1986 | 53,313 | -2,998 | 8,751 | 7,616 |
| 1985 | 52,125 | -2,998 | 6,644 | 6,725 |
| 1984 | 50,705 | -2,998 | 7,452 | 3,856 |
| 1983 | 49,187 | -2,998 | 7,844 | 4,120 |
| 1982 | 47,947 | -2,998 | 9,875 | 5,749 |
| 1981 | 46,641 | -2,998 | 9,020 | 6,010 |
| 1980 | 45,026 | -2,997 | 9,806 | 3,763 |
| 1979 | 43,537 | -2,997 | 10,181 | 2,839 |
| 1978 | 42,539 | -2,998 | 11,364 | 3,823 |
| 1977 | 41,352 | -2,999 | 11,321 | 4,845 |
| 1976 | 40,149 | -1,645 | 13,286 | 4,779 |
| 1975 | 38,975 | -1,472 | 16,430 | 3,312 |
| 1974 | 38,106 | -1,321 | 20,324 | 4,425 |
| 1973 | 37,122 | -1,201 | 21,387 | 3,414 |
| 1972 | 36,184 | -1,139 | 24,777 | 5,603 |
| 1971 | 35,279 | -1,014 | 26,541 | 3,031 |
| 1970 | 34,382 | -855 | 25,968 | -1,034 |
| 1969 | 33,252 | -688 | 28,858 | 2,230 |
| 1968 | 32,029 | -565 | 29,387 | 1,761 |
| 1967 | 30,853 | -514 | 30,276 | 2,460 |
| 1966 | 29,502 | -466 | 31,150 | -888 |
| 1965 | 28,028 | -434 | 31,275 | -1,525 |
| 1964 | 26,565 | -390 | 30,293 | -1,571 |
| 1963 | 25,250 | -362 | 26,766 | 1,061 |
| 1962 | 23,927 | -342 | 28,020 | 655 |
| 1961 | 22,781 | -332 | 29,239 | 1,437 |
| 1960 | 21,604 | -318 | 29,366 | -1,427 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/norway | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99% of the population change in Mauritania is from natural causes (a gain of 1,350,038 people) and 1.04% is from migration (a loss of 14,187 people). In Norway 29.6% is from natural causes (a gain of 130,235 people) and 70.4% is from migration (a gain of 309,779 people).
As of 2024, 195,937 residents or 3.8% of the population were not native-born in Mauritania, compared to 1,012,404 people or 18.2% in Norway.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
|
Norway
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Oslo | 718K |
| Bergen | 291K |
| Trondheim | 199K |
| Stavanger | 152K |
| Baerum | 133K |
| Drammen | 106K |
| Asker | 102K |
| Lillestrom | 96.8K |
| Fredrikstad | 86.2K |
| Sandnes | 85.8K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mauritania and Norway
|
Mauritania
|
Norway
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.2 years | 83.8 years |
| Average age | 23.1 years | 41.5 years |
| Median age | 18.5 years | 40.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 50.4:49.6 |
| Fertility rate | 4.63 births per woman | 1.45 births per woman |
| Population density | 13.7 ppl/mi² | 40.2 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/norway | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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