The latest officially reported population of Mali was 24,478,595 in 2024 vs 5,169,395 people in Mauritania in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mali's population is 26,143,152 people compared to 5,505,206 in Mauritania.
Population statistics:
- Mali's population is 4.75 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Mali is ranked the 58th most populous country in the world, while Mauritania is the 122nd.
- The countries together account for 0.38% of the world: 0.32% for Mali vs 0.07% for Mauritania.
- For the last 10 years, Mali has had an average growth rate of +3.12% per year vs +3% in Mauritania.
- Since 2006, the population of Mali has increased from 14M people to 26.1M (86.9% growth), while Mauritania has grown from 3.01M to 5.51M (82.7% growth).
Mali vs Mauritania: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mali
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | 80,371,693 | 17,309,980 |
| 2099 | 80,051,982 | 17,202,690 |
| 2098 | 79,712,985 | 17,090,030 |
| 2097 | 79,363,373 | 16,975,270 |
| 2096 | 78,996,636 | 16,857,252 |
| 2095 | 78,611,169 | 16,739,240 |
| 2094 | 78,201,275 | 16,617,272 |
| 2093 | 77,780,277 | 16,492,589 |
| 2092 | 77,346,576 | 16,366,098 |
| 2091 | 76,892,849 | 16,235,771 |
| 2090 | 76,418,075 | 16,103,700 |
| 2089 | 75,924,551 | 15,969,059 |
| 2088 | 75,413,374 | 15,831,339 |
| 2087 | 74,882,872 | 15,690,143 |
| 2086 | 74,339,859 | 15,547,605 |
| 2085 | 73,778,163 | 15,403,967 |
| 2084 | 73,197,940 | 15,257,740 |
| 2083 | 72,596,727 | 15,108,271 |
| 2082 | 71,983,705 | 14,958,279 |
| 2081 | 71,348,537 | 14,805,332 |
| 2080 | 70,707,220 | 14,651,508 |
| 2079 | 70,044,626 | 14,496,397 |
| 2078 | 69,367,218 | 14,337,117 |
| 2077 | 68,675,750 | 14,175,812 |
| 2076 | 67,972,574 | 14,013,255 |
| 2075 | 67,256,565 | 13,849,027 |
| 2074 | 66,523,454 | 13,684,146 |
| 2073 | 65,776,035 | 13,517,681 |
| 2072 | 65,016,928 | 13,349,376 |
| 2071 | 64,239,726 | 13,178,237 |
| 2070 | 63,457,636 | 13,007,812 |
| 2069 | 62,664,074 | 12,835,311 |
| 2068 | 61,857,029 | 12,662,862 |
| 2067 | 61,042,577 | 12,487,379 |
| 2066 | 60,222,511 | 12,311,503 |
| 2065 | 59,400,594 | 12,136,616 |
| 2064 | 58,567,263 | 11,958,955 |
| 2063 | 57,727,308 | 11,783,144 |
| 2062 | 56,880,111 | 11,606,044 |
| 2061 | 56,026,848 | 11,428,738 |
| 2060 | 55,166,339 | 11,251,427 |
| 2059 | 54,304,533 | 11,072,236 |
| 2058 | 53,437,711 | 10,892,076 |
| 2057 | 52,565,517 | 10,713,858 |
| 2056 | 51,691,907 | 10,536,935 |
| 2055 | 50,813,138 | 10,358,532 |
| 2054 | 49,936,085 | 10,179,658 |
| 2053 | 49,053,898 | 9,999,712 |
| 2052 | 48,167,179 | 9,819,098 |
| 2051 | 47,280,403 | 9,639,209 |
| 2050 | 46,390,999 | 9,461,249 |
| 2049 | 45,505,968 | 9,283,353 |
| 2048 | 44,617,075 | 9,104,299 |
| 2047 | 43,730,396 | 8,926,851 |
| 2046 | 42,840,806 | 8,748,845 |
| 2045 | 41,951,176 | 8,572,397 |
| 2044 | 41,061,960 | 8,397,189 |
| 2043 | 40,172,937 | 8,222,194 |
| 2042 | 39,286,024 | 8,048,139 |
| 2041 | 38,406,403 | 7,876,803 |
| 2040 | 37,525,963 | 7,706,696 |
| 2039 | 36,652,557 | 7,537,689 |
| 2038 | 35,772,629 | 7,369,184 |
| 2037 | 34,902,845 | 7,202,472 |
| 2036 | 34,036,236 | 7,036,729 |
| 2035 | 33,178,665 | 6,871,981 |
| 2034 | 32,328,037 | 6,708,364 |
| 2033 | 31,486,276 | 6,546,168 |
| 2032 | 30,655,886 | 6,385,827 |
| 2031 | 29,833,522 | 6,227,564 |
| 2030 | 29,028,860 | 6,070,865 |
| 2029 | 28,235,559 | 5,916,516 |
| 2028 | 27,456,170 | 5,764,060 |
| 2027 | 26,690,187 | 5,613,919 |
| 2026 | 25,940,320 | 5,464,898 |
| 2025 | 25,201,616 | 5,317,228 |
| 2024 | 24,478,595 | 5,169,395 |
| 2023 | 23,769,127 | 5,022,441 |
| 2022 | 23,072,640 | 4,875,637 |
| 2021 | 22,388,630 | 4,734,874 |
| 2020 | 21,713,836 | 4,600,131 |
| 2019 | 21,068,405 | 4,467,708 |
| 2018 | 20,442,030 | 4,337,685 |
| 2017 | 19,813,011 | 4,210,600 |
| 2016 | 19,191,289 | 4,086,657 |
| 2015 | 18,593,022 | 3,965,959 |
| 2014 | 18,020,267 | 3,848,514 |
| 2013 | 17,459,615 | 3,734,318 |
| 2012 | 16,957,033 | 3,619,034 |
| 2011 | 16,469,049 | 3,502,811 |
| 2010 | 15,945,198 | 3,390,965 |
| 2009 | 15,435,539 | 3,284,448 |
| 2008 | 14,940,782 | 3,183,269 |
| 2007 | 14,457,775 | 3,093,059 |
| 2006 | 13,990,139 | 3,013,660 |
| 2005 | 13,538,647 | 2,939,059 |
| 2004 | 13,102,409 | 2,868,664 |
| 2003 | 12,684,955 | 2,802,046 |
| 2002 | 12,288,050 | 2,738,655 |
| 2001 | 11,912,158 | 2,678,760 |
| 2000 | 11,559,290 | 2,613,441 |
| 1999 | 11,227,415 | 2,541,698 |
| 1998 | 10,919,573 | 2,474,651 |
| 1997 | 10,646,495 | 2,411,306 |
| 1996 | 10,407,278 | 2,358,188 |
| 1995 | 10,185,365 | 2,312,017 |
| 1994 | 9,967,031 | 2,249,454 |
| 1993 | 9,754,786 | 2,174,328 |
| 1992 | 9,553,540 | 2,088,135 |
| 1991 | 9,362,888 | 2,009,738 |
| 1990 | 9,178,830 | 1,951,878 |
| 1989 | 8,999,938 | 1,903,048 |
| 1988 | 8,833,996 | 1,855,859 |
| 1987 | 8,681,164 | 1,803,014 |
| 1986 | 8,531,277 | 1,751,835 |
| 1985 | 8,374,663 | 1,702,107 |
| 1984 | 8,208,599 | 1,653,693 |
| 1983 | 8,034,400 | 1,606,746 |
| 1982 | 7,860,194 | 1,561,176 |
| 1981 | 7,692,766 | 1,516,877 |
| 1980 | 7,530,515 | 1,474,043 |
| 1979 | 7,375,266 | 1,432,758 |
| 1978 | 7,229,651 | 1,392,713 |
| 1977 | 7,090,979 | 1,353,768 |
| 1976 | 6,960,979 | 1,315,336 |
| 1975 | 6,837,261 | 1,277,330 |
| 1974 | 6,715,436 | 1,240,188 |
| 1973 | 6,597,106 | 1,203,838 |
| 1972 | 6,483,726 | 1,168,355 |
| 1971 | 6,377,944 | 1,133,702 |
| 1970 | 6,276,472 | 1,099,806 |
| 1969 | 6,177,704 | 1,066,754 |
| 1968 | 6,082,979 | 1,034,739 |
| 1967 | 5,990,906 | 1,003,843 |
| 1966 | 5,902,204 | 974,157 |
| 1965 | 5,815,487 | 945,838 |
| 1964 | 5,730,125 | 918,955 |
| 1963 | 5,646,605 | 893,423 |
| 1962 | 5,563,917 | 869,184 |
| 1961 | 5,482,283 | 846,167 |
| 1960 | 5,402,550 | 824,298 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/mauritania | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mali increased by 5,201,150 people (a 37.2% growth), while Mauritania gained 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mali gained 6,951,863 people (a 36.2% growth), while Mauritania's population increased by 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth).
Mali was ranked 66th most populous country in 2006 and is 58th in 2026. Mauritania was ranked 132nd in 2006 and ranked 122nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mali's population will grow by 77.4% to 46,390,999 people with a rank change from 58th to 46th. The population of Mauritania will increase by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people and rank change from 122nd to 102nd.
Mali is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 80.4M people compared to the peak of 17.3M people in 2100 for Mauritania.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mali
|
Mauritania
|
|
| 2100 | 0.4% | 0.62% |
| 2099 | 0.43% | 0.66% |
| 2098 | 0.44% | 0.68% |
| 2097 | 0.46% | 0.7% |
| 2096 | 0.49% | 0.7% |
| 2095 | 0.52% | 0.73% |
| 2094 | 0.54% | 0.76% |
| 2093 | 0.56% | 0.77% |
| 2092 | 0.59% | 0.8% |
| 2091 | 0.62% | 0.82% |
| 2090 | 0.65% | 0.84% |
| 2089 | 0.68% | 0.87% |
| 2088 | 0.71% | 0.9% |
| 2087 | 0.73% | 0.92% |
| 2086 | 0.76% | 0.93% |
| 2085 | 0.79% | 0.96% |
| 2084 | 0.83% | 0.99% |
| 2083 | 0.85% | 1% |
| 2082 | 0.89% | 1.03% |
| 2081 | 0.91% | 1.05% |
| 2080 | 0.95% | 1.07% |
| 2079 | 0.98% | 1.11% |
| 2078 | 1.01% | 1.14% |
| 2077 | 1.03% | 1.16% |
| 2076 | 1.06% | 1.19% |
| 2075 | 1.1% | 1.2% |
| 2074 | 1.14% | 1.23% |
| 2073 | 1.17% | 1.26% |
| 2072 | 1.21% | 1.3% |
| 2071 | 1.23% | 1.31% |
| 2070 | 1.27% | 1.34% |
| 2069 | 1.3% | 1.36% |
| 2068 | 1.33% | 1.41% |
| 2067 | 1.36% | 1.43% |
| 2066 | 1.38% | 1.44% |
| 2065 | 1.42% | 1.49% |
| 2064 | 1.46% | 1.49% |
| 2063 | 1.49% | 1.53% |
| 2062 | 1.52% | 1.55% |
| 2061 | 1.56% | 1.58% |
| 2060 | 1.59% | 1.62% |
| 2059 | 1.62% | 1.65% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | 1.66% |
| 2057 | 1.69% | 1.68% |
| 2056 | 1.73% | 1.72% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | 1.76% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | 1.8% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | 1.84% |
| 2052 | 1.88% | 1.87% |
| 2051 | 1.92% | 1.88% |
| 2050 | 1.94% | 1.92% |
| 2049 | 1.99% | 1.97% |
| 2048 | 2.03% | 1.99% |
| 2047 | 2.08% | 2.03% |
| 2046 | 2.12% | 2.06% |
| 2045 | 2.17% | 2.09% |
| 2044 | 2.21% | 2.13% |
| 2043 | 2.26% | 2.16% |
| 2042 | 2.29% | 2.18% |
| 2041 | 2.35% | 2.21% |
| 2040 | 2.38% | 2.24% |
| 2039 | 2.46% | 2.29% |
| 2038 | 2.49% | 2.31% |
| 2037 | 2.55% | 2.36% |
| 2036 | 2.58% | 2.4% |
| 2035 | 2.63% | 2.44% |
| 2034 | 2.67% | 2.48% |
| 2033 | 2.71% | 2.51% |
| 2032 | 2.76% | 2.54% |
| 2031 | 2.77% | 2.58% |
| 2030 | 2.81% | 2.61% |
| 2029 | 2.84% | 2.64% |
| 2028 | 2.87% | 2.67% |
| 2027 | 2.89% | 2.73% |
| 2026 | 2.93% | 2.78% |
| 2025 | 2.95% | 2.86% |
| 2024 | 2.98% | 2.93% |
| 2023 | 3.02% | 3.01% |
| 2022 | 3.06% | 2.97% |
| 2021 | 3.11% | 2.93% |
| 2020 | 3.06% | 2.96% |
| 2019 | 3.06% | 3% |
| 2018 | 3.17% | 3.02% |
| 2017 | 3.24% | 3.03% |
| 2016 | 3.22% | 3.04% |
| 2015 | 3.18% | 3.05% |
| 2014 | 3.21% | 3.06% |
| 2013 | 2.96% | 3.19% |
| 2012 | 2.96% | 3.32% |
| 2011 | 3.29% | 3.3% |
| 2010 | 3.3% | 3.24% |
| 2009 | 3.31% | 3.18% |
| 2008 | 3.34% | 2.92% |
| 2007 | 3.34% | 2.63% |
| 2006 | 3.33% | 2.54% |
| 2005 | 3.33% | 2.45% |
| 2004 | 3.29% | 2.38% |
| 2003 | 3.23% | 2.31% |
| 2002 | 3.16% | 2.24% |
| 2001 | 3.05% | 2.5% |
| 2000 | 2.96% | 2.82% |
| 1999 | 2.82% | 2.71% |
| 1998 | 2.56% | 2.63% |
| 1997 | 2.3% | 2.25% |
| 1996 | 2.18% | 2% |
| 1995 | 2.19% | 2.78% |
| 1994 | 2.18% | 3.46% |
| 1993 | 2.11% | 4.13% |
| 1992 | 2.04% | 3.9% |
| 1991 | 2.01% | 2.96% |
| 1990 | 1.99% | 2.57% |
| 1989 | 1.88% | 2.54% |
| 1988 | 1.76% | 2.93% |
| 1987 | 1.76% | 2.92% |
| 1986 | 1.87% | 2.92% |
| 1985 | 2.02% | 2.93% |
| 1984 | 2.17% | 2.92% |
| 1983 | 2.22% | 2.92% |
| 1982 | 2.18% | 2.92% |
| 1981 | 2.15% | 2.91% |
| 1980 | 2.1% | 2.88% |
| 1979 | 2.01% | 2.88% |
| 1978 | 1.96% | 2.88% |
| 1977 | 1.87% | 2.92% |
| 1976 | 1.81% | 2.98% |
| 1975 | 1.81% | 2.99% |
| 1974 | 1.79% | 3.02% |
| 1973 | 1.75% | 3.04% |
| 1972 | 1.66% | 3.06% |
| 1971 | 1.62% | 3.08% |
| 1970 | 1.6% | 3.1% |
| 1969 | 1.56% | 3.09% |
| 1968 | 1.54% | 3.08% |
| 1967 | 1.5% | 3.05% |
| 1966 | 1.49% | 2.99% |
| 1965 | 1.49% | 2.93% |
| 1964 | 1.48% | 2.86% |
| 1963 | 1.49% | 2.79% |
| 1962 | 1.49% | 2.72% |
| 1961 | 1.48% | 2.65% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/mauritania | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Mali grew by 2.98%, while Mauritania's population grew by 2.93%.
Live population counters
|
Mali
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
26143152
|
5505206
|
| Population rank | 58/197 | 122/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.32% | 0.07% |
| One net population change |
44.5 seconds
|
3.58 minutes
|
| One birth every |
33.1 seconds
|
3.04 minutes
|
| One death every |
2.56 minutes
|
19 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,944 | +403 |
| Annual growth/decline | +709,468 | +146,954 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.98% | +2.93% |
| Population growth rate rank | 15/197 | 17/197 |
| One migration net change every |
11 minutes
|
1.74 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -48,019 | -5,044 |
| Net migration rank | 173/196 | 115/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 545,323 | 195,937 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 76/195 | 113/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 2.2% | 3.8% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 131/195 | 107/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mali
|
Mauritania
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -48,019 | - | -5,044 |
| 2024 | - | -46,880 | - | -2,185 |
| 2023 | 746,398 | -39,953 | 145,164 | 2,999 |
| 2022 | 726,465 | -39,951 | 142,451 | 2,999 |
| 2021 | 703,674 | -22,210 | 137,557 | -1,483 |
| 2020 | 683,053 | -14,962 | 134,899 | -1,483 |
| 2019 | 667,110 | -44,373 | 134,460 | -3,019 |
| 2018 | 670,723 | -40,710 | 131,584 | -2,987 |
| 2017 | 661,973 | -33,942 | 128,562 | -3,001 |
| 2016 | 645,652 | -30,251 | 125,342 | -3,008 |
| 2015 | 630,006 | -48,872 | 122,092 | -3,019 |
| 2014 | 614,419 | -50,068 | 118,792 | -2,980 |
| 2013 | 597,887 | -40,951 | 115,558 | -2,987 |
| 2012 | 588,748 | -140,507 | 113,489 | 4,515 |
| 2011 | 570,899 | -43,160 | 111,165 | 3,272 |
| 2010 | 554,447 | -34,483 | 108,121 | 1,128 |
| 2009 | 533,730 | -34,383 | 105,273 | -1,481 |
| 2008 | 514,665 | -24,509 | 102,432 | -3,860 |
| 2007 | 495,800 | -19,945 | 98,895 | -17,048 |
| 2006 | 477,665 | -18,247 | 94,991 | -18,033 |
| 2005 | 460,964 | -17,413 | 90,940 | -18,693 |
| 2004 | 439,717 | -10,796 | 87,578 | -19,042 |
| 2003 | 417,766 | -11,768 | 83,804 | -19,104 |
| 2002 | 396,732 | -8,914 | 80,993 | -18,903 |
| 2001 | 376,472 | -12,507 | 78,769 | -21,067 |
| 2000 | 359,159 | -17,395 | 75,929 | -2,997 |
| 1999 | 343,705 | -21,702 | 73,554 | -2,999 |
| 1998 | 323,940 | -30,255 | 72,045 | -8,504 |
| 1997 | 308,429 | -55,978 | 71,327 | -8,187 |
| 1996 | 293,953 | -67,974 | 71,939 | -28,840 |
| 1995 | 285,598 | -67,763 | 72,244 | -22,997 |
| 1994 | 282,356 | -63,533 | 70,570 | 5,304 |
| 1993 | 274,480 | -68,816 | 68,167 | 6,217 |
| 1992 | 267,605 | -70,789 | 63,501 | 34,505 |
| 1991 | 261,656 | -77,172 | 61,782 | -2,997 |
| 1990 | 252,308 | -68,668 | 59,934 | -3,000 |
| 1989 | 249,929 | -75,771 | 58,666 | -17,941 |
| 1988 | 245,682 | -87,952 | 56,654 | -2,997 |
| 1987 | 238,871 | -90,940 | 55,037 | -2,998 |
| 1986 | 233,799 | -81,970 | 53,313 | -2,998 |
| 1985 | 224,734 | -63,347 | 52,125 | -2,998 |
| 1984 | 218,078 | -47,331 | 50,705 | -2,998 |
| 1983 | 211,795 | -34,132 | 49,187 | -2,998 |
| 1982 | 204,892 | -34,140 | 47,947 | -2,998 |
| 1981 | 198,227 | -34,130 | 46,641 | -2,998 |
| 1980 | 190,560 | -30,156 | 45,026 | -2,997 |
| 1979 | 182,449 | -32,353 | 43,537 | -2,997 |
| 1978 | 172,652 | -31,520 | 42,539 | -2,998 |
| 1977 | 165,071 | -28,853 | 41,352 | -2,999 |
| 1976 | 157,778 | -33,999 | 40,149 | -1,645 |
| 1975 | 150,222 | -26,572 | 38,975 | -1,472 |
| 1974 | 142,448 | -22,449 | 38,106 | -1,321 |
| 1973 | 135,801 | -19,137 | 37,122 | -1,201 |
| 1972 | 129,687 | -19,594 | 36,184 | -1,139 |
| 1971 | 123,591 | -22,127 | 35,279 | -1,014 |
| 1970 | 118,952 | -17,479 | 34,382 | -855 |
| 1969 | 114,361 | -18,302 | 33,252 | -688 |
| 1968 | 111,403 | -18,015 | 32,029 | -565 |
| 1967 | 107,650 | -16,900 | 30,853 | -514 |
| 1966 | 103,684 | -17,032 | 29,502 | -466 |
| 1965 | 100,451 | -13,662 | 28,028 | -434 |
| 1964 | 97,166 | -13,226 | 26,565 | -390 |
| 1963 | 95,055 | -11,951 | 25,250 | -362 |
| 1962 | 93,101 | -10,821 | 23,927 | -342 |
| 1961 | 91,115 | -10,139 | 22,781 | -332 |
| 1960 | 88,802 | -10,314 | 21,604 | -318 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/mauritania | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 94.9% of the population change in Mali is from natural causes (a gain of 6,749,473 people) and 5.13% is from migration (a loss of 365,292 people). In Mauritania 98.9% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people).
As of 2024, 545,323 residents or 2.2% of the population were not native-born in Mali, compared to 195,937 people or 3.8% in Mauritania.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mali
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Bamako | 4.23M |
| Sikasso | 214K |
| Segou | 134K |
| Bougouni | 59.7K |
| Markala | 46K |
| Koulikoro | 43.2K |
| Banamba | 30.6K |
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mali and Mauritania
|
Mali
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 61.1 years | 69.2 years |
| Average age | 21.3 years | 23 years |
| Median age | 16.7 years | 18.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 50.5:49.5 | 49.1:50.9 |
| Fertility rate | 5.61 births per woman | 4.7 births per woman |
| Population density | 55.1 ppl/mi² | 13.7 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/mali/mauritania | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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