The latest officially reported population of Mauritania was 5,169,395 in 2024 vs 36,559,233 people in Poland in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Mauritania's population is 5,505,206 people compared to 35,806,942 in Poland.
Population statistics:
- Poland's population is 6.5 times bigger than Mauritania's.
- Mauritania is ranked the 122nd most populous country in the world, while Poland is the 47th.
- The countries together account for 0.5% of the world: 0.07% for Mauritania vs 0.43% for Poland.
- For the last 10 years, Mauritania has had an average growth rate of +3% per year vs -0.36% in Poland.
- Since 2006, the population of Mauritania has increased from 3.01M people to 5.51M (82.7% growth), while Poland has declined from 38.1M to 35.8M (6.12% decline).
Mauritania vs Poland: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Mauritania
|
Poland
|
|
| 2100 | 17,309,980 | 18,350,017 |
| 2099 | 17,202,690 | 18,541,227 |
| 2098 | 17,090,030 | 18,733,999 |
| 2097 | 16,975,270 | 18,928,169 |
| 2096 | 16,857,252 | 19,125,003 |
| 2095 | 16,739,240 | 19,323,203 |
| 2094 | 16,617,272 | 19,525,085 |
| 2093 | 16,492,589 | 19,730,030 |
| 2092 | 16,366,098 | 19,938,529 |
| 2091 | 16,235,771 | 20,151,135 |
| 2090 | 16,103,700 | 20,368,308 |
| 2089 | 15,969,059 | 20,589,970 |
| 2088 | 15,831,339 | 20,817,398 |
| 2087 | 15,690,143 | 21,050,137 |
| 2086 | 15,547,605 | 21,288,179 |
| 2085 | 15,403,967 | 21,531,674 |
| 2084 | 15,257,740 | 21,780,998 |
| 2083 | 15,108,271 | 22,036,816 |
| 2082 | 14,958,279 | 22,298,479 |
| 2081 | 14,805,332 | 22,565,373 |
| 2080 | 14,651,508 | 22,836,875 |
| 2079 | 14,496,397 | 23,113,773 |
| 2078 | 14,337,117 | 23,393,434 |
| 2077 | 14,175,812 | 23,679,569 |
| 2076 | 14,013,255 | 23,968,050 |
| 2075 | 13,849,027 | 24,259,763 |
| 2074 | 13,684,146 | 24,554,480 |
| 2073 | 13,517,681 | 24,852,006 |
| 2072 | 13,349,376 | 25,149,886 |
| 2071 | 13,178,237 | 25,447,869 |
| 2070 | 13,007,812 | 25,745,140 |
| 2069 | 12,835,311 | 26,042,079 |
| 2068 | 12,662,862 | 26,337,963 |
| 2067 | 12,487,379 | 26,632,110 |
| 2066 | 12,311,503 | 26,923,643 |
| 2065 | 12,136,616 | 27,211,946 |
| 2064 | 11,958,955 | 27,497,263 |
| 2063 | 11,783,144 | 27,778,871 |
| 2062 | 11,606,044 | 28,055,433 |
| 2061 | 11,428,738 | 28,328,948 |
| 2060 | 11,251,427 | 28,597,687 |
| 2059 | 11,072,236 | 28,864,377 |
| 2058 | 10,892,076 | 29,125,961 |
| 2057 | 10,713,858 | 29,384,759 |
| 2056 | 10,536,935 | 29,641,101 |
| 2055 | 10,358,532 | 29,893,868 |
| 2054 | 10,179,658 | 30,142,942 |
| 2053 | 9,999,712 | 30,389,214 |
| 2052 | 9,819,098 | 30,630,763 |
| 2051 | 9,639,209 | 30,871,146 |
| 2050 | 9,461,249 | 31,107,894 |
| 2049 | 9,283,353 | 31,341,718 |
| 2048 | 9,104,299 | 31,572,273 |
| 2047 | 8,926,851 | 31,800,868 |
| 2046 | 8,748,845 | 32,026,873 |
| 2045 | 8,572,397 | 32,250,757 |
| 2044 | 8,397,189 | 32,471,522 |
| 2043 | 8,222,194 | 32,690,423 |
| 2042 | 8,048,139 | 32,906,811 |
| 2041 | 7,876,803 | 33,118,473 |
| 2040 | 7,706,696 | 33,328,426 |
| 2039 | 7,537,689 | 33,535,096 |
| 2038 | 7,369,184 | 33,738,091 |
| 2037 | 7,202,472 | 33,936,906 |
| 2036 | 7,036,729 | 34,133,190 |
| 2035 | 6,871,981 | 34,323,827 |
| 2034 | 6,708,364 | 34,511,159 |
| 2033 | 6,546,168 | 34,693,880 |
| 2032 | 6,385,827 | 34,872,593 |
| 2031 | 6,227,564 | 35,046,775 |
| 2030 | 6,070,865 | 35,213,577 |
| 2029 | 5,916,516 | 35,374,919 |
| 2028 | 5,764,060 | 35,527,083 |
| 2027 | 5,613,919 | 35,671,012 |
| 2026 | 5,464,898 | 35,806,942 |
| 2025 | 5,317,228 | 36,233,346 |
| 2024 | 5,169,395 | 36,559,233 |
| 2023 | 5,022,441 | 36,687,353 |
| 2022 | 4,875,637 | 36,821,749 |
| 2021 | 4,734,874 | 36,981,559 |
| 2020 | 4,600,131 | 37,515,748 |
| 2019 | 4,467,708 | 37,965,475 |
| 2018 | 4,337,685 | 37,974,750 |
| 2017 | 4,210,600 | 37,974,826 |
| 2016 | 4,086,657 | 37,970,087 |
| 2015 | 3,965,959 | 37,986,412 |
| 2014 | 3,848,514 | 38,011,735 |
| 2013 | 3,734,318 | 38,040,196 |
| 2012 | 3,619,034 | 38,063,164 |
| 2011 | 3,502,811 | 38,063,255 |
| 2010 | 3,390,965 | 38,042,794 |
| 2009 | 3,284,448 | 38,151,603 |
| 2008 | 3,183,269 | 38,125,759 |
| 2007 | 3,093,059 | 38,120,560 |
| 2006 | 3,013,660 | 38,141,267 |
| 2005 | 2,939,059 | 38,165,445 |
| 2004 | 2,868,664 | 38,182,222 |
| 2003 | 2,802,046 | 38,204,570 |
| 2002 | 2,738,655 | 38,230,364 |
| 2001 | 2,678,760 | 38,248,076 |
| 2000 | 2,613,441 | 38,258,629 |
| 1999 | 2,541,698 | 38,660,271 |
| 1998 | 2,474,651 | 38,663,481 |
| 1997 | 2,411,306 | 38,649,660 |
| 1996 | 2,358,188 | 38,624,370 |
| 1995 | 2,312,017 | 38,594,998 |
| 1994 | 2,249,454 | 38,542,652 |
| 1993 | 2,174,328 | 38,461,408 |
| 1992 | 2,088,135 | 38,363,667 |
| 1991 | 2,009,738 | 38,246,193 |
| 1990 | 1,951,878 | 38,110,782 |
| 1989 | 1,903,048 | 37,961,529 |
| 1988 | 1,855,859 | 37,824,487 |
| 1987 | 1,803,014 | 37,668,045 |
| 1986 | 1,751,835 | 37,456,119 |
| 1985 | 1,702,107 | 37,201,885 |
| 1984 | 1,653,693 | 36,904,134 |
| 1983 | 1,606,746 | 36,571,808 |
| 1982 | 1,561,176 | 36,230,481 |
| 1981 | 1,516,877 | 35,898,587 |
| 1980 | 1,474,043 | 35,574,150 |
| 1979 | 1,432,758 | 35,247,217 |
| 1978 | 1,392,713 | 34,965,600 |
| 1977 | 1,353,768 | 34,689,050 |
| 1976 | 1,315,336 | 34,356,300 |
| 1975 | 1,277,330 | 34,015,199 |
| 1974 | 1,240,188 | 33,678,899 |
| 1973 | 1,203,838 | 33,357,200 |
| 1972 | 1,168,355 | 33,055,650 |
| 1971 | 1,133,702 | 32,783,500 |
| 1970 | 1,099,806 | 32,664,300 |
| 1969 | 1,066,754 | 32,548,300 |
| 1968 | 1,034,739 | 32,294,655 |
| 1967 | 1,003,843 | 31,987,155 |
| 1966 | 974,157 | 31,681,000 |
| 1965 | 945,838 | 31,444,950 |
| 1964 | 918,955 | 31,139,450 |
| 1963 | 893,423 | 30,712,000 |
| 1962 | 869,184 | 30,308,500 |
| 1961 | 846,167 | 29,964,000 |
| 1960 | 824,298 | 29,637,450 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/poland | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Mauritania increased by 1,072,997 people (a 35.6% growth), while Poland lost 171,180 people (a 0.45% decline).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Mauritania gained 1,418,549 people (a 34.7% growth), while Poland's population decreased by 2,163,145 people (a 5.7% decline).
Mauritania was ranked 132nd most populous country in 2006 and is 122nd in 2026. Poland was ranked 32nd in 2006 and ranked 47th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Mauritania's population will grow by 71.9% to 9,461,249 people with a rank change from 122nd to 102nd. The population of Poland will decrease by 13.1% to 31,107,894 people and rank change from 47th to 62nd.
Mauritania is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 17.3M people, while Poland's population already peaked in 1998 at 38.7M people and is projected to decrease to 18.4M people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Poland
|
|
| 2100 | 0.62% | -1.03% |
| 2099 | 0.66% | -1.03% |
| 2098 | 0.68% | -1.03% |
| 2097 | 0.7% | -1.03% |
| 2096 | 0.7% | -1.03% |
| 2095 | 0.73% | -1.03% |
| 2094 | 0.76% | -1.04% |
| 2093 | 0.77% | -1.05% |
| 2092 | 0.8% | -1.06% |
| 2091 | 0.82% | -1.07% |
| 2090 | 0.84% | -1.08% |
| 2089 | 0.87% | -1.09% |
| 2088 | 0.9% | -1.11% |
| 2087 | 0.92% | -1.12% |
| 2086 | 0.93% | -1.13% |
| 2085 | 0.96% | -1.14% |
| 2084 | 0.99% | -1.16% |
| 2083 | 1% | -1.17% |
| 2082 | 1.03% | -1.18% |
| 2081 | 1.05% | -1.19% |
| 2080 | 1.07% | -1.2% |
| 2079 | 1.11% | -1.2% |
| 2078 | 1.14% | -1.21% |
| 2077 | 1.16% | -1.2% |
| 2076 | 1.19% | -1.2% |
| 2075 | 1.2% | -1.2% |
| 2074 | 1.23% | -1.2% |
| 2073 | 1.26% | -1.18% |
| 2072 | 1.3% | -1.17% |
| 2071 | 1.31% | -1.15% |
| 2070 | 1.34% | -1.14% |
| 2069 | 1.36% | -1.12% |
| 2068 | 1.41% | -1.1% |
| 2067 | 1.43% | -1.08% |
| 2066 | 1.44% | -1.06% |
| 2065 | 1.49% | -1.04% |
| 2064 | 1.49% | -1.01% |
| 2063 | 1.53% | -0.99% |
| 2062 | 1.55% | -0.97% |
| 2061 | 1.58% | -0.94% |
| 2060 | 1.62% | -0.92% |
| 2059 | 1.65% | -0.9% |
| 2058 | 1.66% | -0.88% |
| 2057 | 1.68% | -0.86% |
| 2056 | 1.72% | -0.85% |
| 2055 | 1.76% | -0.83% |
| 2054 | 1.8% | -0.81% |
| 2053 | 1.84% | -0.79% |
| 2052 | 1.87% | -0.78% |
| 2051 | 1.88% | -0.76% |
| 2050 | 1.92% | -0.75% |
| 2049 | 1.97% | -0.73% |
| 2048 | 1.99% | -0.72% |
| 2047 | 2.03% | -0.71% |
| 2046 | 2.06% | -0.69% |
| 2045 | 2.09% | -0.68% |
| 2044 | 2.13% | -0.67% |
| 2043 | 2.16% | -0.66% |
| 2042 | 2.18% | -0.64% |
| 2041 | 2.21% | -0.63% |
| 2040 | 2.24% | -0.62% |
| 2039 | 2.29% | -0.6% |
| 2038 | 2.31% | -0.59% |
| 2037 | 2.36% | -0.58% |
| 2036 | 2.4% | -0.56% |
| 2035 | 2.44% | -0.54% |
| 2034 | 2.48% | -0.53% |
| 2033 | 2.51% | -0.51% |
| 2032 | 2.54% | -0.5% |
| 2031 | 2.58% | -0.47% |
| 2030 | 2.61% | -0.46% |
| 2029 | 2.64% | -0.43% |
| 2028 | 2.67% | -0.4% |
| 2027 | 2.73% | -0.38% |
| 2026 | 2.78% | -1.18% |
| 2025 | 2.86% | -0.89% |
| 2024 | 2.93% | -0.35% |
| 2023 | 3.01% | -0.36% |
| 2022 | 2.97% | -0.43% |
| 2021 | 2.93% | -1.42% |
| 2020 | 2.96% | -1.18% |
| 2019 | 3% | -0.02% |
| 2018 | 3.02% | -0% |
| 2017 | 3.03% | 0.01% |
| 2016 | 3.04% | -0.04% |
| 2015 | 3.05% | -0.07% |
| 2014 | 3.06% | -0.07% |
| 2013 | 3.19% | -0.06% |
| 2012 | 3.32% | -0% |
| 2011 | 3.3% | 0.05% |
| 2010 | 3.24% | -0.29% |
| 2009 | 3.18% | 0.07% |
| 2008 | 2.92% | 0.01% |
| 2007 | 2.63% | -0.05% |
| 2006 | 2.54% | -0.06% |
| 2005 | 2.45% | -0.04% |
| 2004 | 2.38% | -0.06% |
| 2003 | 2.31% | -0.07% |
| 2002 | 2.24% | -0.05% |
| 2001 | 2.5% | -0.03% |
| 2000 | 2.82% | -1.04% |
| 1999 | 2.71% | -0.008% |
| 1998 | 2.63% | 0.04% |
| 1997 | 2.25% | 0.07% |
| 1996 | 2% | 0.08% |
| 1995 | 2.78% | 0.14% |
| 1994 | 3.46% | 0.21% |
| 1993 | 4.13% | 0.25% |
| 1992 | 3.9% | 0.31% |
| 1991 | 2.96% | 0.36% |
| 1990 | 2.57% | 0.39% |
| 1989 | 2.54% | 0.36% |
| 1988 | 2.93% | 0.42% |
| 1987 | 2.92% | 0.57% |
| 1986 | 2.92% | 0.68% |
| 1985 | 2.93% | 0.81% |
| 1984 | 2.92% | 0.91% |
| 1983 | 2.92% | 0.94% |
| 1982 | 2.92% | 0.92% |
| 1981 | 2.91% | 0.91% |
| 1980 | 2.88% | 0.93% |
| 1979 | 2.88% | 0.81% |
| 1978 | 2.88% | 0.8% |
| 1977 | 2.92% | 0.97% |
| 1976 | 2.98% | 1% |
| 1975 | 2.99% | 1% |
| 1974 | 3.02% | 0.96% |
| 1973 | 3.04% | 0.91% |
| 1972 | 3.06% | 0.83% |
| 1971 | 3.08% | 0.36% |
| 1970 | 3.1% | 0.36% |
| 1969 | 3.09% | 0.79% |
| 1968 | 3.08% | 0.96% |
| 1967 | 3.05% | 0.97% |
| 1966 | 2.99% | 0.75% |
| 1965 | 2.93% | 0.98% |
| 1964 | 2.86% | 1.39% |
| 1963 | 2.79% | 1.33% |
| 1962 | 2.72% | 1.15% |
| 1961 | 2.65% | 1.1% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/poland | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Mauritania grew by 2.93%, while Poland's population declined by 0.35%.
Live population counters
|
Mauritania
|
Poland
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
5505206
|
35806942
|
| Population rank | 122/197 | 47/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.07% | 0.43% |
| One net population change |
3.58 minutes
|
4.1 minutes
|
| One birth every |
3.04 minutes
|
1.94 minutes
|
| One death every |
19 minutes
|
1.29 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +403 | -351 |
| Annual growth/decline | +146,954 | -128,120 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.93% | -0.35% |
| Population growth rate rank | 17/197 | 181/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.74 hours
|
1.59 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -5,044 | -330,820 |
| Net migration rank | 115/196 | 191/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 195,937 | 1,739,901 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 113/195 | 41/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 3.8% | 4.5% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 107/195 | 97/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Mauritania
|
Poland
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,044 | - | -330,820 |
| 2024 | - | -2,185 | - | -238,062 |
| 2023 | 145,164 | 2,999 | -135,743 | -7,824 |
| 2022 | 142,451 | 2,999 | -143,605 | 967,744 |
| 2021 | 137,557 | -1,483 | -184,907 | 2,251 |
| 2020 | 134,899 | -1,483 | -120,050 | 3,920 |
| 2019 | 134,460 | -3,019 | -34,169 | 7,696 |
| 2018 | 131,584 | -2,987 | -26,582 | -223 |
| 2017 | 128,562 | -3,001 | 0 | -21,535 |
| 2016 | 125,342 | -3,008 | -3,797 | -5,675 |
| 2015 | 122,092 | -3,019 | -26,590 | 3,887 |
| 2014 | 118,792 | -2,980 | 0 | 5,525 |
| 2013 | 115,558 | -2,987 | -19,020 | 12,402 |
| 2012 | 113,489 | 4,515 | 0 | 4,635 |
| 2011 | 111,165 | 3,272 | 11,419 | 45,951 |
| 2010 | 108,121 | 1,128 | 38,043 | 119,623 |
| 2009 | 105,273 | -1,481 | 30,521 | -8,283 |
| 2008 | 102,432 | -3,860 | 34,313 | -42,288 |
| 2007 | 98,895 | -17,048 | 11,436 | -51,235 |
| 2006 | 94,991 | -18,033 | 3,814 | -68,882 |
| 2005 | 90,940 | -18,693 | -3,817 | -41,942 |
| 2004 | 87,578 | -19,042 | -7,637 | -38,216 |
| 2003 | 83,804 | -19,104 | -15,281 | -19,039 |
| 2002 | 80,993 | -18,903 | -3,823 | -16,462 |
| 2001 | 78,769 | -21,067 | 3,825 | -16,648 |
| 2000 | 75,929 | -2,997 | 11,478 | -15,921 |
| 1999 | 73,554 | -2,999 | 0 | -53,035 |
| 1998 | 72,045 | -8,504 | 19,332 | -39,509 |
| 1997 | 71,327 | -8,187 | 34,785 | -44,230 |
| 1996 | 71,939 | -28,840 | 42,487 | -45,349 |
| 1995 | 72,244 | -22,997 | 46,314 | -52,989 |
| 1994 | 70,570 | 5,304 | 96,357 | -41,845 |
| 1993 | 68,167 | 6,217 | 103,846 | -48,805 |
| 1992 | 63,501 | 34,505 | 118,928 | -46,893 |
| 1991 | 61,782 | -2,997 | 141,511 | -55,342 |
| 1990 | 59,934 | -3,000 | 160,066 | -50,339 |
| 1989 | 58,666 | -17,941 | 182,215 | -49,192 |
| 1988 | 56,654 | -2,997 | 215,599 | -101,671 |
| 1987 | 55,037 | -2,998 | 226,008 | -32,310 |
| 1986 | 53,313 | -2,998 | 258,448 | -22,520 |
| 1985 | 52,125 | -2,998 | 297,615 | -27,277 |
| 1984 | 50,705 | -2,998 | 332,137 | -18,402 |
| 1983 | 49,187 | -2,998 | 373,032 | -26,724 |
| 1982 | 47,947 | -2,998 | 369,551 | -34,980 |
| 1981 | 46,641 | -2,998 | 351,806 | -16,155 |
| 1980 | 45,026 | -2,997 | 348,627 | -42,420 |
| 1979 | 43,537 | -2,997 | 366,571 | -22,162 |
| 1978 | 42,539 | -2,998 | 339,166 | -62,936 |
| 1977 | 41,352 | -2,999 | 353,828 | -33,496 |
| 1976 | 40,149 | -1,645 | 367,612 | -25,716 |
| 1975 | 38,975 | -1,472 | 350,356 | -31,346 |
| 1974 | 38,106 | -1,321 | 346,893 | -18,273 |
| 1973 | 37,122 | -1,201 | 320,229 | -29,335 |
| 1972 | 36,184 | -1,139 | 314,028 | -15,004 |
| 1971 | 35,279 | -1,014 | 278,660 | -31,767 |
| 1970 | 34,382 | -855 | 280,913 | -66,859 |
| 1969 | 33,252 | -688 | 270,151 | -26,744 |
| 1968 | 32,029 | -565 | 280,963 | -11,905 |
| 1967 | 30,853 | -514 | 275,089 | -25,479 |
| 1966 | 29,502 | -466 | 297,801 | -17,158 |
| 1965 | 28,028 | -434 | 314,450 | -21,658 |
| 1964 | 26,565 | -390 | 326,965 | -23,273 |
| 1963 | 25,250 | -362 | 359,330 | -13,770 |
| 1962 | 23,927 | -342 | 360,671 | -31,021 |
| 1961 | 22,781 | -332 | 398,521 | -20,044 |
| 1960 | 21,604 | -318 | 444,562 | -6,306 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/poland | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 98.9% of the population change in Mauritania is from natural causes (a gain of 1,320,903 people) and 1.12% is from migration (a loss of 14,982 people). In Poland 41.4% is from natural causes (a loss of 675,443 people) and 58.6% is from migration (a gain of 955,766 people).
As of 2024, 195,937 residents or 3.8% of the population were not native-born in Mauritania, compared to 1,739,901 people or 4.5% in Poland.
Biggest cities by population
|
Mauritania
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Nouakchott | 1.45M |
| Rosso | 61.2K |
|
Poland
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Warsaw | 1.86M |
| Krakow | 804K |
| Wroclaw | 674K |
| Lodz | 649K |
| Poznan | 547K |
| Gdansk | 488K |
| Szczecin | 388K |
| Lublin | 335K |
| Bydgoszcz | 325K |
| Bialystok | 290K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Mauritania and Poland
|
Mauritania
|
Poland
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 69.2 years | 79.2 years |
| Average age | 23 years | 42.7 years |
| Median age | 18.4 years | 42.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.1:50.9 | 48.4:51.6 |
| Fertility rate | 4.7 births per woman | 1.16 births per woman |
| Population density | 13.7 ppl/mi² | 303 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/mauritania/poland | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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