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Economy of Niger vs Serbia compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Niger has a GDP of $19.5B compared to $89.1B for Serbia, ranking 132/197 and 75/197 by economy size, respectively.

Niger has $9.22B in government debt (43.4% of GDP), compared to $39.6B (44.4% of GDP) in Serbia.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Niger
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Serbia
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Niger Serbia
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 $449,526,873 $2,602,180,353 - -
1961 $485,785,231 $2,720,485,699 - -
1962 $531,736,599 $3,000,116,630 - -
1963 $586,294,879 $3,282,974,506 - -
1964 $582,816,396 $3,287,276,512 - -
1965 $673,383,511 $3,514,748,217 - -
1966 $702,296,079 $3,501,304,403 - -
1967 $665,586,872 $3,505,606,409 - -
1968 $641,214,226 $3,519,050,223 - -
1969 $625,867,985 $3,325,997,034 - -
1970 $649,916,621 $3,427,632,151 - -
1971 $693,573,704 $3,622,298,371 - -
1972 $742,779,661 $3,435,160,574 - -
1973 $946,385,105 $2,849,548,704 - -
1974 $1,026,137,111 $3,099,603,386 - -
1975 $1,048,690,933 $3,013,025,468 - -
1976 $1,064,517,601 $3,033,459,909 - -
1977 $1,291,458,041 $3,268,995,364 - -
1978 $1,774,365,590 $3,709,414,437 - -
1979 $2,109,277,666 $3,974,526,141 - -
1980 $2,508,524,721 $3,876,950,088 - -
1981 $2,170,893,414 $3,870,062,063 - -
1982 $2,017,612,216 $3,954,215,023 - -
1983 $1,803,099,561 $3,801,438,868 - -
1984 $1,461,243,326 $3,162,043,119 - -
1985 $1,440,581,652 $3,406,093,637 - -
1986 $1,904,096,998 $3,622,453,381 - -
1987 $2,233,006,105 $3,625,651,332 - -
1988 $2,280,356,193 $3,874,775,279 - -
1989 $2,179,567,114 $3,911,858,659 - -
1990 $3,512,356,508 $3,860,672,838 - -
1991 $3,285,796,875 $3,843,705,602 - -
1992 $3,386,232,579 $3,920,608,632 - -
1993 $3,052,673,849 $3,933,219,485 - -
1994 $1,938,058,175 $4,006,172,006 - -
1995 $2,302,537,562 $4,104,613,432 $17,921,892,655 $22,980,131,489
1996 $2,405,686,940 $4,108,739,820 $23,277,430,168 $24,396,847,843
1997 $2,290,318,910 $4,171,499,823 $27,153,408,995 $26,576,270,133
1998 $2,643,363,519 $4,587,507,438 $21,004,077,441 $27,996,145,144
1999 $2,537,789,821 $4,577,434,991 $20,878,694,851 $25,105,401,157
2000 $2,241,753,193 $4,522,117,709 $7,326,373,882 $26,625,556,359
2001 $2,448,714,704 $4,850,791,324 $13,599,378,662 $28,430,374,779
2002 $2,782,192,879 $5,089,376,068 $17,930,583,571 $30,290,019,296
2003 $3,394,084,732 $5,199,846,593 $23,593,044,418 $31,671,150,129
2004 $3,760,443,738 $5,218,763,717 $26,845,632,342 $33,788,958,042
2005 $4,383,315,965 $5,601,396,628 $28,334,256,181 $35,783,688,498
2006 $4,756,361,252 $5,933,618,262 $33,298,057,362 $37,179,489,902
2007 $5,731,485,052 $6,120,095,512 $44,888,028,946 $40,091,414,195
2008 $7,297,600,226 $6,593,265,447 $54,220,641,202 $42,160,489,092
2009 $7,352,131,310 $6,722,664,934 $46,955,984,410 $40,835,549,150
2010 $7,851,192,502 $7,299,346,342 $43,536,629,233 $41,493,398,683
2011 $8,772,950,778 $7,471,447,187 $51,251,098,408 $41,515,918,179
2012 $9,426,912,648 $8,259,606,009 $45,103,269,969 $41,331,605,757
2013 $10,224,897,438 $8,698,614,859 $50,455,529,604 $41,518,250,511
2014 $10,862,943,544 $9,276,388,745 $49,114,321,280 $40,769,149,069
2015 $9,683,867,926 $9,683,867,926 $41,297,410,635 $41,297,410,635
2016 $10,398,861,982 $10,239,808,437 $42,225,495,910 $42,526,090,284
2017 $11,185,104,252 $10,752,347,793 $45,972,834,714 $43,531,149,260
2018 $12,837,307,497 $11,527,744,540 $52,787,520,249 $45,555,064,903
2019 $12,889,555,561 $12,212,475,571 $53,864,693,665 $47,719,025,212
2020 $13,744,653,103 $12,646,096,747 $55,874,017,669 $47,265,683,024
2021 $14,915,002,436 $12,821,067,681 $66,159,884,073 $51,022,858,875
2022 $15,433,852,714 $14,346,774,736 $66,797,564,758 $52,365,263,375
2023 $16,698,786,973 $14,586,026,438 $81,342,660,752 $54,380,001,765
2024 $19,537,639,288 $15,814,402,934 $89,083,506,277 $56,488,865,192

Economic indicators

Niger Serbia
Gross domestic product
$19.5B
2024
$89.1B
2024
GDP rank
132/197
2024
75/197
2024
GDP growth
17%
2023-2024
9.52%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$723
2024
$13,524
2024
GDP per capita rank
187/197
2024
74/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$2,015
2024
$31,867
2024
Government debt
$9.22B
2024
$39.6B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
43.4%
2025
44.4%
2025
Government debt per person
$341
2024
$6,015
2024
Government debt per person rank
176/185
2024
74/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$1,379
2025
$11,469
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies n/a
$4.06B
2011
Income share by richest 10%
27.8%
2021
24.7%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
3.8%
2021
2.4%
2022
Government expenditure, % of GDP
13.4%
2025
43.4%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
9.07%
2023-2024
4.67%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate n/a
5.75%
2024
Unemployment rate
0.4%
2022
7.24%
2024
Population
28638403
6541064

GDP per capita in Niger vs Serbia

Niger's GDP per capita is $723, ranking 187/197, compared to $13,524 in Serbia, ranking 74/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Niger ranks 186th at $2,015, while Serbia ranks 69th at $31,867.

Niger
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Serbia
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Niger Serbia
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 $128.3 - - -
1961 $134.6 - - -
1962 $143.2 - - -
1963 $153.3 - - -
1964 $148.1 - - -
1965 $166.3 - - -
1966 $168.6 - - -
1967 $155.4 - - -
1968 $145.6 - - -
1969 $138.3 - - -
1970 $139.8 - - -
1971 $145.2 - - -
1972 $151.4 - - -
1973 $187.9 - - -
1974 $198.3 - - -
1975 $197.2 - - -
1976 $194.8 - - -
1977 $229.8 - - -
1978 $307 - - -
1979 $354 - - -
1980 $409 - - -
1981 $343 - - -
1982 $310 - - -
1983 $268.8 - - -
1984 $211.5 - - -
1985 $202.4 - - -
1986 $259.6 - - -
1987 $295.3 - - -
1988 $292.6 - - -
1989 $271.3 - - -
1990 $424 $739 - -
1991 $384 $738 - -
1992 $384 $746 - -
1993 $335 $742 - -
1994 $206.2 $748 - -
1995 $237 $757 $2,349 $5,021
1996 $239.5 $746 $3,054 $5,433
1997 $220.6 $745 $3,574 $6,039
1998 $246.1 $801 $2,775 $6,459
1999 $228.3 $783 $2,769 $5,895
2000 $194.8 $764 $975 $6,414
2001 $205.4 $809 $1,812 $6,803
2002 $225.3 $832 $2,391 $7,563
2003 $265.2 $837 $3,154 $8,024
2004 $283.5 $832 $3,597 $8,716
2005 $319 $888 $3,808 $9,398
2006 $333 $935 $4,493 $10,466
2007 $387 $955 $6,081 $11,686
2008 $475 $1,010 $7,377 $13,123
2009 $461 $999 $6,414 $13,031
2010 $474 $1,058 $5,971 $13,322
2011 $511 $1,064 $7,082 $14,298
2012 $529 $1,162 $6,263 $14,506
2013 $552 $1,138 $7,040 $15,247
2014 $565 $1,161 $6,887 $15,296
2015 $486 $1,172 $5,820 $15,550
2016 $503 $1,189 $5,982 $16,455
2017 $522 $1,208 $6,548 $17,285
2018 $579 $1,276 $7,560 $18,469
2019 $562 $1,419 $7,756 $20,587
2020 $580 $1,497 $8,099 $21,013
2021 $609 $1,586 $9,681 $23,406
2022 $610 $1,840 $10,023 $26,242
2023 $638 $1,875 $12,282 $28,748
2024 $723 $2,015 $13,524 $31,867

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Niger's government spending was $2.62B, accounting for 13.4% of its GDP, while Serbia's spent $37.8B, or 43.4% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 43.4% in Niger and 44.4% in Serbia, ranking 123/185 and 117/185, respectively.

Niger
Government spending

Government debt
Serbia
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Niger Serbia
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1995 12.5% 69.4% - -
1996 10.9% 63.5% - -
1997 12.9% 69.1% - -
1998 13.6% 61.3% - -
1999 15% 63.3% - -
2000 13.5% 82.1% 28% 200.6%
2001 13.7% 74% 30.5% 95.9%
2002 14.4% 69% 38.6% 68.4%
2003 14% 60.6% 37.6% 64.4%
2004 16.1% 55% 37.8% 57.6%
2005 15.6% 49.5% 38.9% 50.1%
2006 15.2% 18.3% 41.3% 37%
2007 17.4% 17.8% 40.6% 30%
2008 16.9% 14.2% 43.7% 29.4%
2009 17.7% 15.9% 41.1% 32.6%
2010 14.3% 15.1% 41.2% 38.2%
2011 15.3% 14.7% 40% 42%
2012 16.6% 18.1% 43.3% 51.7%
2013 20.4% 19.6% 40.6% 54.1%
2014 23.6% 22.1% 42.9% 63.5%
2015 24.2% 29.9% 41% 67.1%
2016 19.4% 32.8% 40.3% 65%
2017 19.5% 36.5% 38.5% 55.3%
2018 21.2% 37% 39% 51.1%
2019 21.6% 39.8% 40.2% 49.5%
2020 22.4% 45% 46% 54.3%
2021 24.3% 51.3% 44.4% 53.6%
2022 21.6% 50.6% 41.4% 50.9%
2023 15.8% 51.9% 40.6% 45.7%
2024 13.4% 47.2% 42.4% 44.5%
2025 13.4% 43.4% 43.4% 44.4%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Niger's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$834M, equivalent to -4.27% of GDP. This compares to Serbia's deficit of -$1.54B, or -1.73% of GDP.

Over the past 25 years, Niger recorded a fiscal deficit in 23 of those years, while Serbia ran a deficit in 20 years. On average, Niger posted an annual deficit equal to -1.92% of GDP, compared to deficit of -2.07% of GDP for Serbia.

Deficit/surplus
Niger

Serbia
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Niger Serbia
1995 -3.19% -
1996 -0.36% -
1997 -2.39% -
1998 -2.23% -
1999 -4.27% -
2000 -2.83% -0.15%
2001 -2.59% 0.32%
2002 -2.21% -2.33%
2003 -2.17% -2.39%
2004 -2.76% 0.06%
2005 -1.53% 1.02%
2006 31% -0.9%
2007 -0.75% -0.8%
2008 1.11% -4.25%
2009 -3.93% -3.3%
2010 -0.99% -3.35%
2011 -2.19% -3.75%
2012 -0.83% -6.11%
2013 -1.93% -4.79%
2014 -6.12% -5.61%
2015 -6.75% -3.25%
2016 -4.46% -1.08%
2017 -4.12% 1.32%
2018 -3.01% 0.78%
2019 -3.56% -0.004%
2020 -4.82% -6.91%
2021 -6.1% -3.16%
2022 -6.77% -0.14%
2023 -5.37% -1.21%
2024 -4.27% -1.73%
2025 -3.02% -2.77%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Niger has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 2.49%, compared with 18.3% in Serbia. In 2024, inflation was 9.07% in Niger and 4.67% in Serbia.

Inflation
Niger

Serbia
Year Inflation
Niger Serbia Niger Serbia
1996 5.29% 95.6%
1997 2.93% 23.3%
1998 4.55% 30.2%
1999 -2.3% 42.5%
2000 2.9% 71.1%
2001 4.01% 95%
2002 2.63% 19.5%
2003 -1.61% 9.88%
2004 0.26% 11%
2005 7.8% 16.1%
2006 0.04% 11.7%
2007 0.05% 6.39%
2008 11.3% 12.4%
2009 0.58% 8.12%
2010 0.8% 6.14%
2011 2.94% 11.1%
2012 0.46% 7.33%
2013 2.3% 7.69%
2014 -0.93% 2.08%
2015 -0.58% 1.39%
2016 1.65% 1.12%
2017 2.8% 3.13%
2018 2.97% 1.96%
2019 -2.49% 1.85%
2020 2.9% 1.58%
2021 3.84% 4.09%
2022 4.23% 12%
2023 3.7% 12.4%
2024 9.07% 4.67%

Top exports between countries

Niger
Export category Export value
Serbia
Export category Export value
Miscellaneous $398K
Processed food, beverages & tobacco $38K
Textiles & consumer goods $8K
Machinery & equipment $2K

Balance of trade

Niger Serbia
Current account balance
-$2.33B
2023
-$4.31B
2024
Current account balance ranking
145/189
2023
162/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-14%
2023
-4.84%
2024
Goods imports
$2.59B
2023
$39.6B
2024
Goods exports
$992M
2023
$32.2B
2024
Service imports
$1.22B
2023
$12.7B
2024
Service exports
$231M
2023
$15.6B
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
20.8%
2024
58.8%
2024
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
31.2%
2024
52.7%
2024

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Niger Serbia
Economic freedom 51.5 64.4
Economic freedom ranking 151/197 71/197
Property rights 29.6 58.9
Government integrity 31.8 37.2
Judicial effectiveness 37.1 50.8
Tax burden 77.9 87.3
Government spending 87.3 40.2
Fiscal health 34.4 91.2
Business freedom 33.8 74.7
Labor freedom 54 66.6
Monetary freedom 72.6 68.5
Trade freedom 64 77.2
Investment freedom 55 70
Financial freedom 40 50

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Niger is 51.5, ranking 151/197, compared to 64.4 for Serbia, ranking 71/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Niger
Serbia
Year Economic freedom index
Niger Serbia
1996 45.8 -
1997 46.6 -
1998 47.5 -
1999 48.6 -
2000 45.9 -
2001 48.9 -
2002 48.2 46.6
2003 54.2 43.5
2004 54.6 -
2005 54.1 -
2006 52.5 -
2007 53.2 -
2008 52.9 -
2009 53.8 56.6
2010 52.9 56.9
2011 54.3 58
2012 54.3 58
2013 53.9 58.6
2014 55.1 59.4
2015 54.6 60
2016 54.3 62.1
2017 50.8 58.9
2018 49.5 62.5
2019 51.6 63.9
2020 54.7 66
2021 57.3 67.2
2022 54.9 65.2
2023 53.7 63.5
2024 52.3 62.7
2025 51.5 64.4

More economic indicators

Niger Serbia
Services, % of GDP
45.4%
2024
58.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
17.8%
2024
23.3%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
33.8%
2024
3.15%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$17.9B
2024
$76.2B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$1,990
2024
$29,870
2024
Total reserves including gold n/a
$30.5B
2024
Total reserves ranking n/a
55/177
2024
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.02B
2023
-$4.98B
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
$526M
2024
$5.64B
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
$12.2M
2024
$660M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
1.16%
2023
7.86%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
41.2%
2021
19.7%
2023
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
18.7%
2024
25.6%
2024

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.