The latest officially reported population of Russia was 143,533,851 in 2024 vs 23,331,886 people in Taiwan in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Russia's population is 141,906,741 people compared to 23,229,461 in Taiwan.
Population statistics:
- Russia's population is 6.11 times bigger than Taiwan's.
- Russia is ranked the 9th most populous country in the world, while Taiwan is the 60th.
- The countries together account for 1.99% of the world: 1.71% for Russia vs 0.28% for Taiwan.
- For the last 10 years, Russia has had an average growth rate of -0.02% per year vs -0.03% in Taiwan.
- Since 2006, the population of Russia has decreased from 143M people to 142M (0.8% decline), while Taiwan has grown from 22.8M to 23.2M (1.78% growth).
Russia vs Taiwan: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Russia
|
Taiwan
|
|
| 2100 | 124,983,377 | 10,150,338 |
| 2099 | 125,086,144 | 10,273,881 |
| 2098 | 125,186,329 | 10,399,680 |
| 2097 | 125,264,415 | 10,527,804 |
| 2096 | 125,354,177 | 10,657,536 |
| 2095 | 125,422,006 | 10,789,978 |
| 2094 | 125,474,373 | 10,925,075 |
| 2093 | 125,529,632 | 11,062,491 |
| 2092 | 125,604,261 | 11,202,670 |
| 2091 | 125,652,742 | 11,346,131 |
| 2090 | 125,707,894 | 11,494,369 |
| 2089 | 125,760,026 | 11,644,743 |
| 2088 | 125,810,124 | 11,799,177 |
| 2087 | 125,858,116 | 11,956,109 |
| 2086 | 125,926,035 | 12,116,149 |
| 2085 | 126,001,913 | 12,281,248 |
| 2084 | 126,076,414 | 12,451,872 |
| 2083 | 126,151,046 | 12,625,681 |
| 2082 | 126,234,371 | 12,803,442 |
| 2081 | 126,317,768 | 12,986,931 |
| 2080 | 126,414,511 | 13,174,137 |
| 2079 | 126,534,688 | 13,366,920 |
| 2078 | 126,674,591 | 13,564,788 |
| 2077 | 126,830,956 | 13,765,770 |
| 2076 | 126,982,766 | 13,969,802 |
| 2075 | 127,165,304 | 14,178,904 |
| 2074 | 127,362,143 | 14,391,331 |
| 2073 | 127,576,856 | 14,606,033 |
| 2072 | 127,802,632 | 14,824,987 |
| 2071 | 128,080,998 | 15,045,310 |
| 2070 | 128,353,977 | 15,266,143 |
| 2069 | 128,642,208 | 15,488,280 |
| 2068 | 128,920,237 | 15,714,125 |
| 2067 | 129,203,483 | 15,940,945 |
| 2066 | 129,511,983 | 16,167,553 |
| 2065 | 129,842,007 | 16,396,032 |
| 2064 | 130,177,089 | 16,625,600 |
| 2063 | 130,522,107 | 16,854,355 |
| 2062 | 130,851,664 | 17,084,600 |
| 2061 | 131,200,160 | 17,314,450 |
| 2060 | 131,526,812 | 17,541,998 |
| 2059 | 131,884,461 | 17,767,014 |
| 2058 | 132,247,211 | 17,988,239 |
| 2057 | 132,584,941 | 18,208,151 |
| 2056 | 132,925,501 | 18,423,453 |
| 2055 | 133,271,436 | 18,639,554 |
| 2054 | 133,595,068 | 18,853,384 |
| 2053 | 133,914,243 | 19,063,428 |
| 2052 | 134,180,223 | 19,270,076 |
| 2051 | 134,443,510 | 19,474,323 |
| 2050 | 134,687,487 | 19,677,203 |
| 2049 | 134,909,323 | 19,878,438 |
| 2048 | 135,117,641 | 20,073,645 |
| 2047 | 135,311,492 | 20,267,326 |
| 2046 | 135,482,008 | 20,454,154 |
| 2045 | 135,664,379 | 20,640,565 |
| 2044 | 135,863,165 | 20,819,477 |
| 2043 | 136,085,277 | 20,995,111 |
| 2042 | 136,307,658 | 21,166,213 |
| 2041 | 136,557,818 | 21,331,710 |
| 2040 | 136,821,807 | 21,491,361 |
| 2039 | 137,122,219 | 21,645,911 |
| 2038 | 137,433,644 | 21,794,529 |
| 2037 | 137,770,811 | 21,939,617 |
| 2036 | 138,118,955 | 22,077,701 |
| 2035 | 138,478,809 | 22,211,115 |
| 2034 | 138,852,689 | 22,340,809 |
| 2033 | 139,237,595 | 22,463,465 |
| 2032 | 139,635,142 | 22,582,449 |
| 2031 | 140,058,187 | 22,698,460 |
| 2030 | 140,453,528 | 22,809,605 |
| 2029 | 140,840,370 | 22,916,803 |
| 2028 | 141,214,141 | 23,022,058 |
| 2027 | 141,580,416 | 23,127,410 |
| 2026 | 141,906,741 | 23,229,461 |
| 2025 | 142,772,403 | 23,331,886 |
| 2024 | 143,533,851 | 23,410,331 |
| 2023 | 143,826,130 | 23,342,541 |
| 2022 | 144,236,933 | 23,319,977 |
| 2021 | 144,746,762 | 23,468,275 |
| 2020 | 145,245,148 | 23,582,179 |
| 2019 | 145,453,291 | 23,596,027 |
| 2018 | 145,398,106 | 23,580,080 |
| 2017 | 145,293,260 | 23,555,522 |
| 2016 | 145,015,460 | 23,515,945 |
| 2015 | 144,640,716 | 23,462,914 |
| 2014 | 144,237,223 | 23,403,635 |
| 2013 | 143,805,638 | 23,344,670 |
| 2012 | 143,378,447 | 23,270,367 |
| 2011 | 143,018,195 | 23,193,518 |
| 2010 | 142,849,468 | 23,140,948 |
| 2009 | 142,785,348 | 23,078,402 |
| 2008 | 142,742,366 | 22,997,696 |
| 2007 | 142,805,114 | 22,917,444 |
| 2006 | 143,049,637 | 22,823,455 |
| 2005 | 143,518,814 | 22,729,753 |
| 2004 | 144,067,316 | 22,646,836 |
| 2003 | 144,648,618 | 22,562,663 |
| 2002 | 145,306,497 | 22,463,172 |
| 2001 | 145,976,482 | 22,341,120 |
| 2000 | 146,596,869 | 22,184,530 |
| 1999 | 147,214,776 | 22,010,489 |
| 1998 | 147,670,784 | 21,835,703 |
| 1997 | 147,915,361 | 21,634,124 |
| 1996 | 148,160,129 | 21,441,432 |
| 1995 | 148,375,787 | 21,267,653 |
| 1994 | 148,407,912 | 21,086,645 |
| 1993 | 148,458,777 | 20,899,019 |
| 1992 | 148,538,197 | 20,704,227 |
| 1991 | 148,394,216 | 20,503,568 |
| 1990 | 147,969,406 | 20,278,946 |
| 1989 | 147,721,000 | 20,055,492 |
| 1988 | 146,857,000 | 19,839,704 |
| 1987 | 145,908,000 | 19,617,046 |
| 1986 | 144,894,000 | 19,411,454 |
| 1985 | 143,858,000 | 19,191,510 |
| 1984 | 142,745,000 | 18,929,866 |
| 1983 | 141,668,000 | 18,653,146 |
| 1982 | 140,823,000 | 18,354,855 |
| 1981 | 139,941,000 | 18,029,982 |
| 1980 | 139,010,000 | 17,704,538 |
| 1979 | 138,027,000 | 17,372,779 |
| 1978 | 137,060,000 | 17,042,272 |
| 1977 | 136,100,000 | 16,730,895 |
| 1976 | 135,147,000 | 16,401,413 |
| 1975 | 134,200,000 | 16,075,128 |
| 1974 | 133,432,000 | 15,784,817 |
| 1973 | 132,669,000 | 15,505,121 |
| 1972 | 131,909,000 | 15,220,495 |
| 1971 | 131,155,000 | 14,913,564 |
| 1970 | 130,404,000 | 14,582,944 |
| 1969 | 129,664,000 | 14,068,984 |
| 1968 | 128,928,000 | 13,548,537 |
| 1967 | 128,196,000 | 13,210,344 |
| 1966 | 127,468,000 | 12,874,153 |
| 1965 | 126,745,000 | 12,511,863 |
| 1964 | 125,345,000 | 12,137,143 |
| 1963 | 123,960,000 | 11,762,101 |
| 1962 | 122,591,000 | 11,392,513 |
| 1961 | 121,236,000 | 11,030,385 |
| 1960 | 119,897,000 | 10,667,705 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/russia/taiwan | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Russia increased by 1,965,823 people (a 1.37% growth), while Taiwan gained 692,490 people (a 3.03% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Russia lost 3,108,719 people (a 2.14% decline), while Taiwan's population decreased by 286,484 people (a 1.22% decline).
Russia was ranked 9th most populous country in 2006 and is still 9th in 2026. Taiwan was ranked 49th in 2006 and ranked 60th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Russia's population will shrink by 5.09% to 134,687,487 people with a rank change from 9th to 14th. The population of Taiwan will decrease by 15.3% to 19,677,203 people and rank change from 60th to 76th.
Both countries are in a period of decline and in 50 years are projected to lose 10.5% of the population in Russia and 39.9% in Taiwan.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Russia
|
Taiwan
|
|
| 2100 | -0.08% | -1.2% |
| 2099 | -0.08% | -1.21% |
| 2098 | -0.06% | -1.22% |
| 2097 | -0.07% | -1.22% |
| 2096 | -0.05% | -1.23% |
| 2095 | -0.04% | -1.24% |
| 2094 | -0.04% | -1.24% |
| 2093 | -0.06% | -1.25% |
| 2092 | -0.04% | -1.26% |
| 2091 | -0.04% | -1.29% |
| 2090 | -0.04% | -1.29% |
| 2089 | -0.04% | -1.31% |
| 2088 | -0.04% | -1.31% |
| 2087 | -0.05% | -1.32% |
| 2086 | -0.06% | -1.34% |
| 2085 | -0.06% | -1.37% |
| 2084 | -0.06% | -1.38% |
| 2083 | -0.07% | -1.39% |
| 2082 | -0.07% | -1.41% |
| 2081 | -0.08% | -1.42% |
| 2080 | -0.09% | -1.44% |
| 2079 | -0.11% | -1.46% |
| 2078 | -0.12% | -1.46% |
| 2077 | -0.12% | -1.46% |
| 2076 | -0.14% | -1.47% |
| 2075 | -0.15% | -1.48% |
| 2074 | -0.17% | -1.47% |
| 2073 | -0.18% | -1.48% |
| 2072 | -0.22% | -1.46% |
| 2071 | -0.21% | -1.45% |
| 2070 | -0.22% | -1.43% |
| 2069 | -0.22% | -1.44% |
| 2068 | -0.22% | -1.42% |
| 2067 | -0.24% | -1.4% |
| 2066 | -0.25% | -1.39% |
| 2065 | -0.26% | -1.38% |
| 2064 | -0.26% | -1.36% |
| 2063 | -0.25% | -1.35% |
| 2062 | -0.27% | -1.33% |
| 2061 | -0.25% | -1.3% |
| 2060 | -0.27% | -1.27% |
| 2059 | -0.27% | -1.23% |
| 2058 | -0.25% | -1.21% |
| 2057 | -0.26% | -1.17% |
| 2056 | -0.26% | -1.16% |
| 2055 | -0.24% | -1.13% |
| 2054 | -0.24% | -1.1% |
| 2053 | -0.2% | -1.07% |
| 2052 | -0.2% | -1.05% |
| 2051 | -0.18% | -1.03% |
| 2050 | -0.16% | -1.01% |
| 2049 | -0.15% | -0.97% |
| 2048 | -0.14% | -0.96% |
| 2047 | -0.13% | -0.91% |
| 2046 | -0.13% | -0.9% |
| 2045 | -0.15% | -0.86% |
| 2044 | -0.16% | -0.84% |
| 2043 | -0.16% | -0.81% |
| 2042 | -0.18% | -0.78% |
| 2041 | -0.19% | -0.74% |
| 2040 | -0.22% | -0.71% |
| 2039 | -0.23% | -0.68% |
| 2038 | -0.24% | -0.66% |
| 2037 | -0.25% | -0.63% |
| 2036 | -0.26% | -0.6% |
| 2035 | -0.27% | -0.58% |
| 2034 | -0.28% | -0.55% |
| 2033 | -0.28% | -0.53% |
| 2032 | -0.3% | -0.51% |
| 2031 | -0.28% | -0.49% |
| 2030 | -0.27% | -0.47% |
| 2029 | -0.26% | -0.46% |
| 2028 | -0.26% | -0.46% |
| 2027 | -0.23% | -0.44% |
| 2026 | -0.61% | -0.44% |
| 2025 | -0.53% | -0.34% |
| 2024 | -0.2% | 0.29% |
| 2023 | -0.28% | 0.1% |
| 2022 | -0.35% | -0.63% |
| 2021 | -0.34% | -0.48% |
| 2020 | -0.14% | -0.06% |
| 2019 | 0.04% | 0.07% |
| 2018 | 0.07% | 0.1% |
| 2017 | 0.19% | 0.17% |
| 2016 | 0.26% | 0.23% |
| 2015 | 0.28% | 0.25% |
| 2014 | 0.3% | 0.25% |
| 2013 | 0.3% | 0.32% |
| 2012 | 0.25% | 0.33% |
| 2011 | 0.12% | 0.23% |
| 2010 | 0.04% | 0.27% |
| 2009 | 0.03% | 0.35% |
| 2008 | -0.04% | 0.35% |
| 2007 | -0.17% | 0.41% |
| 2006 | -0.33% | 0.41% |
| 2005 | -0.38% | 0.37% |
| 2004 | -0.4% | 0.37% |
| 2003 | -0.45% | 0.44% |
| 2002 | -0.46% | 0.55% |
| 2001 | -0.42% | 0.71% |
| 2000 | -0.42% | 0.79% |
| 1999 | -0.31% | 0.8% |
| 1998 | -0.17% | 0.93% |
| 1997 | -0.17% | 0.9% |
| 1996 | -0.15% | 0.82% |
| 1995 | -0.02% | 0.86% |
| 1994 | -0.03% | 0.9% |
| 1993 | -0.05% | 0.94% |
| 1992 | 0.1% | 0.98% |
| 1991 | 0.29% | 1.11% |
| 1990 | 0.17% | 1.11% |
| 1989 | 0.59% | 1.09% |
| 1988 | 0.65% | 1.14% |
| 1987 | 0.7% | 1.06% |
| 1986 | 0.72% | 1.15% |
| 1985 | 0.78% | 1.38% |
| 1984 | 0.76% | 1.48% |
| 1983 | 0.6% | 1.63% |
| 1982 | 0.63% | 1.8% |
| 1981 | 0.67% | 1.84% |
| 1980 | 0.71% | 1.91% |
| 1979 | 0.71% | 1.94% |
| 1978 | 0.71% | 1.86% |
| 1977 | 0.71% | 2.01% |
| 1976 | 0.71% | 2.03% |
| 1975 | 0.58% | 1.84% |
| 1974 | 0.58% | 1.8% |
| 1973 | 0.58% | 1.87% |
| 1972 | 0.57% | 2.06% |
| 1971 | 0.58% | 2.27% |
| 1970 | 0.57% | 3.65% |
| 1969 | 0.57% | 3.84% |
| 1968 | 0.57% | 2.56% |
| 1967 | 0.57% | 2.61% |
| 1966 | 0.57% | 2.9% |
| 1965 | 1.12% | 3.09% |
| 1964 | 1.12% | 3.19% |
| 1963 | 1.12% | 3.24% |
| 1962 | 1.12% | 3.28% |
| 1961 | 1.12% | 3.4% |
| 1960 | - | 3.69% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/russia/taiwan | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Russia declined by 0.2%, while Taiwan's population declined by 0.34%.
Live population counters
|
Russia
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
141906741
|
23229461
|
| Population rank | 9/197 | 60/197 |
| Percent of world population | 1.71% | 0.28% |
| One net population change |
1.8 minutes
|
6.72 minutes
|
| One birth every |
25.5 seconds
|
3.9 minutes
|
| One death every |
18.1 seconds
|
2.6 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | -801 | -215 |
| Annual growth/decline | -292,279 | -78,445 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | -0.2% | -0.34% |
| Population growth rate rank | 177/197 | 180/197 |
| One migration net change every |
2.09 minutes
|
11.2 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | -251,822 | +47,029 |
| Net migration rank | 187/196 | 23/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 7,605,774 | n/a |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 10/195 | |
| Foreign-born share of population | 5.3% | n/a |
| Foreign-born share rank | 91/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Russia
|
Taiwan
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -251,822 | - | - |
| 2024 | - | -178,042 | -67,188 | 47,029 |
| 2023 | -503,392 | 27,807 | -69,794 | 225,599 |
| 2022 | -576,948 | 765,629 | -68,327 | -42,430 |
| 2021 | -1,027,702 | 314,112 | -30,039 | -156,010 |
| 2020 | -697,177 | 334,094 | -7,782 | -33,978 |
| 2019 | -319,997 | 336,494 | 1,416 | 12,718 |
| 2018 | -232,637 | 339,972 | 8,725 | 8,888 |
| 2017 | -130,764 | 396,619 | 22,613 | 8,809 |
| 2016 | 0 | 447,645 | 35,980 | 11,707 |
| 2015 | 43,392 | 384,756 | 49,741 | 8,581 |
| 2014 | 28,848 | 264,698 | - | - |
| 2013 | 28,761 | 289,872 | - | - |
| 2012 | 0 | 285,977 | - | - |
| 2011 | -128,716 | 309,377 | 43,836 | 19,077 |
| 2010 | -242,844 | 307,555 | - | - |
| 2009 | -257,014 | 350,206 | - | - |
| 2008 | -356,856 | 360,840 | - | - |
| 2007 | -471,257 | 365,717 | - | - |
| 2006 | -686,638 | 308,370 | - | - |
| 2005 | -846,761 | 263,541 | - | - |
| 2004 | -792,370 | 261,519 | - | - |
| 2003 | -896,822 | 256,804 | - | - |
| 2002 | -944,492 | 1,358,944 | - | - |
| 2001 | -963,445 | 259,614 | 132,707 | -3,811 |
| 2000 | -967,540 | 550,401 | - | - |
| 1999 | -927,453 | 375,468 | - | - |
| 1998 | -694,053 | 528,135 | - | - |
| 1997 | -769,159 | 541,387 | - | - |
| 1996 | -785,248 | 587,171 | - | - |
| 1995 | -845,742 | 723,875 | - | - |
| 1994 | -920,129 | 1,271,417 | - | - |
| 1993 | -757,140 | 507,229 | - | - |
| 1992 | -222,808 | -1,129,589 | - | - |
| 1991 | 103,876 | 125,505 | 215,698 | -12,128 |
| 1990 | 325,533 | 299,863 | - | - |
| 1989 | 576,112 | 89,400 | - | - |
| 1988 | 778,343 | 269,862 | - | - |
| 1987 | 977,583 | 275,611 | - | - |
| 1986 | 985,279 | 283,553 | - | - |
| 1985 | 762,447 | 280,614 | - | - |
| 1984 | 756,548 | 247,026 | - | - |
| 1983 | 906,676 | 200,159 | - | - |
| 1982 | 830,855 | 107,520 | - | - |
| 1981 | 713,700 | 36,686 | 326,883 | 4,508 |
| 1980 | 681,149 | 10,440 | - | - |
| 1979 | 690,135 | -5,791 | - | - |
| 1978 | 812,766 | 108,882 | - | - |
| 1977 | 832,932 | 122,316 | - | - |
| 1976 | 852,237 | 113,851 | - | - |
| 1975 | 843,850 | 80,069 | - | - |
| 1974 | 883,186 | -51,759 | - | - |
| 1973 | 846,561 | -107,568 | - | - |
| 1972 | 872,050 | -111,168 | - | - |
| 1971 | 854,999 | -134,968 | - | - |
| 1970 | 785,554 | -264,464 | - | - |
| 1969 | 753,088 | -64,643 | - | - |
| 1968 | 787,621 | -83,221 | - | - |
| 1967 | 854,554 | -116,029 | - | - |
| 1966 | 989,279 | -111,360 | 346,958 | 18,774 |
| 1965 | 1,059,335 | -138,078 | - | - |
| 1964 | 1,233,520 | -148,595 | - | - |
| 1963 | 1,436,077 | -168,649 | - | - |
| 1962 | 1,573,701 | -177,358 | - | - |
| 1961 | 1,810,538 | -204,349 | - | - |
| 1960 | 1,962,834 | -234,895 | - | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06); National Statistics, Taiwan (1966–2024, retrieved 2026-02-09).
GeoRank.org/population/russia/taiwan | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 48.6% of the population change in Russia is from natural causes (a loss of 3,416,377 people) and 51.4% is from migration (a gain of 3,611,826 people). In Taiwan 56.7% is from natural causes (a loss of 57,467 people) and 43.3% is from migration (a gain of 43,884 people).
Biggest cities by population
|
Russia
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Moscow | 13.3M |
| Saint Petersburg | 5.65M |
| Novosibirsk | 1.64M |
| Yekaterinburg | 1.47M |
| Kazan | 1.33M |
| Nizhny Novgorod | 1.2M |
| Chelyabinsk | 1.18M |
| Krasnodar | 1.15M |
| Samara | 1.15M |
| Ufa | 1.14M |
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| New Taipei | 4.05M |
| Taichung | 2.87M |
| Kaohsiung | 2.72M |
| Taipei | 2.44M |
| Taoyuan | 2.35M |
| Tainan | 1.85M |
| Hsinchu | 455K |
| Keelung | 360K |
| Chiayi | 261K |
| Changhua | 221K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Russia and Taiwan
|
Russia
|
Taiwan
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 73.7 years | 81.1 years |
| Average age | 40.8 years | 44.1 years |
| Median age | 40.9 years | 45.1 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 46.4:53.6 | 49.3:50.7 |
| Fertility rate | 1.41 births per woman | 0.89 births per woman |
| Population density | 22.4 ppl/mi² | 1,662 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-09); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/russia/taiwan | CC BY
Help us show the world through your eyes
Share a photo of your city and help others discover what it looks like to live there. Your contribution makes our data come alive.
Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- National Statistics, Taiwan (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-02-09)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) — you’re free to copy, share, remix, adapt, and use even commercially as long as you give appropriate credit and clearly indicate if you made changes. Other sources may be subject to different license terms.