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Economy of Kazakhstan vs Papua New Guinea compared: GDP & Debt

Updated on by Georank team

Kazakhstan has a GDP of $288B compared to $32.5B for Papua New Guinea, ranking 50/197 and 109/197 by economy size, respectively.

Kazakhstan has $71.5B in government debt (25.4% of GDP), compared to $17.5B (52% of GDP) in Papua New Guinea.

The chart below compares the two countries' GDP growth in both current (nominal) and constant dollars, accounting for inflation over time.

Kazakhstan
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Papua New Guinea
GDP, current $

GDP, constant 2015 $
Year GDP
Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
Current $ Constant $ Current $ Constant $
1960 - - $230,496,037 $2,618,701,702
1961 - - $244,832,039 $2,780,566,580
1962 - - $261,184,042 $2,957,802,655
1963 - - $275,968,044 $3,078,259,812
1964 - - $305,312,049 $3,342,075,345
1965 - - $344,176,055 $3,685,257,013
1966 - - $390,992,063 $3,899,508,937
1967 - - $441,728,183 $4,058,236,946
1968 - - $485,184,190 $4,235,159,448
1969 - - $551,263,864 $4,585,553,584
1970 - - $645,568,215 $5,082,756,253
1971 - - $717,750,278 $5,402,725,547
1972 - - $858,761,926 $5,707,631,247
1973 - - $1,299,079,410 $6,080,297,607
1974 - - $1,467,417,672 $6,239,025,757
1975 - - $1,356,603,608 $6,184,129,558
1976 - - $1,511,843,235 $5,974,583,505
1977 - - $1,640,746,619 $6,024,460,261
1978 - - $1,947,878,831 $6,539,543,139
1979 - - $2,293,760,511 $6,659,373,434
1980 - - $2,545,808,456 $6,505,978,016
1981 - - $2,498,190,847 $6,488,097,665
1982 - - $2,368,719,683 $6,510,997,035
1983 - - $2,562,351,551 $6,720,857,086
1984 - - $2,552,662,617 $6,697,016,429
1985 - - $2,423,339,172 $6,964,909,833
1986 - - $2,647,995,602 $7,291,777,026
1987 - - $3,143,851,794 $7,493,795,332
1988 - - $3,656,177,881 $7,711,807,860
1989 - - $3,546,472,566 $7,602,332,587
1990 $26,932,016,270 $95,326,487,410 $3,219,729,083 $7,373,337,464
1991 $24,923,076,923 $84,840,573,793 $3,787,394,958 $8,077,262,450
1992 $24,917,355,372 $80,344,023,383 $4,377,980,510 $9,195,889,414
1993 $23,409,260,880 $72,952,373,230 $4,974,550,286 $10,869,751,501
1994 $21,250,792,886 $63,760,374,204 $5,502,786,070 $11,515,643,990
1995 $20,374,302,652 $58,532,023,519 $4,636,057,476 $11,134,194,181
1996 $21,035,357,937 $58,824,683,638 $5,155,311,077 $11,995,278,889
1997 $22,165,932,063 $59,824,703,259 $4,936,615,299 $11,526,936,460
1998 $22,135,245,507 $58,688,033,898 $3,789,443,015 $11,092,473,175
1999 $16,870,817,182 $60,272,610,812 $3,477,038,204 $11,298,300,004
2000 $18,291,990,662 $66,179,326,673 $3,521,339,699 $11,016,425,271
2001 $22,152,689,180 $75,113,535,772 $3,081,024,212 $11,003,063,602
2002 $24,636,598,527 $82,474,662,278 $2,999,511,040 $10,985,579,675
2003 $30,833,692,900 $90,144,805,870 $3,536,411,824 $11,223,318,880
2004 $43,151,647,003 $98,798,707,234 $3,927,157,867 $11,528,725,111
2005 $57,123,671,734 $108,382,181,835 $4,865,892,972 $12,260,199,192
2006 $81,003,864,630 $119,979,075,292 $8,354,911,041 $12,923,469,113
2007 $104,849,915,058 $130,657,212,993 $9,545,028,944 $13,933,462,679
2008 $133,441,648,852 $134,968,901,022 $11,670,892,801 $13,892,155,836
2009 $115,308,686,941 $136,588,527,833 $11,619,456,449 $14,836,880,986
2010 $148,047,348,241 $146,559,490,370 $14,250,786,675 $16,339,627,662
2011 $192,626,464,617 $157,404,892,659 $17,985,138,066 $16,520,596,167
2012 $207,998,568,866 $164,960,327,499 $21,295,168,666 $17,289,980,089
2013 $236,634,603,409 $174,857,947,144 $21,261,338,065 $17,951,312,547
2014 $221,415,613,595 $182,201,980,934 $23,210,823,987 $20,382,597,142
2015 $184,388,404,706 $184,388,404,706 $21,723,437,010 $21,723,437,010
2016 $137,278,320,084 $186,416,677,156 $20,758,876,953 $22,915,960,976
2017 $166,805,788,827 $194,059,760,924 $22,742,699,138 $23,725,951,012
2018 $179,339,977,690 $202,016,211,109 $24,109,780,708 $23,659,695,751
2019 $181,667,184,855 $211,106,940,611 $24,750,626,030 $24,719,771,867
2020 $171,082,365,861 $205,829,267,103 $23,848,447,850 $23,936,789,891
2021 $197,112,255,361 $214,679,925,583 $26,109,413,521 $23,814,388,298
2022 $225,496,328,925 $221,549,683,201 $31,653,185,953 $25,173,614,524
2023 $261,840,101,060 $232,848,717,044 $30,816,367,067 $26,132,952,333
2024 $288,406,138,231 $244,025,455,462 $32,538,480,024 $27,203,104,310

Economic indicators

Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
Gross domestic product
$288B
2024
$32.5B
2024
GDP rank
50/197
2024
109/197
2024
GDP growth
10.1%
2023-2024
5.59%
2023-2024
GDP per capita
$14,005
2024
$3,076
2024
GDP per capita rank
72/197
2024
140/197
2024
GDP per capita, PPP
$40,813
2024
$4,889
2024
Government debt
$71.5B
2024
$17.5B
2024
Debt-to-GDP ratio
25.4%
2025
52%
2025
Government debt per person
$3,474
2024
$1,652
2024
Government debt per person rank
96/185
2024
123/185
2024
Average annual personal income after taxes
$7,117
2025
$2,561
2025
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$62.8B
2024
$1.68B
2017
Number of millionaires
44,307
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
6
2025
n/a
Income share by richest 10%
24.8%
2021
31%
2009
Income share by poorest 10%
4.3%
2021
1.9%
2009
Government expenditure, % of GDP
20.6%
2025
21.5%
2025
Consumer prices inflation
11.4%
2024-2025
0.6%
2023-2024
Central bank interest rate
16.5%
2025
4%
2024
Unemployment rate
4.86%
2022
2.69%
2022
Population
21036432
10911445

GDP per capita in Kazakhstan vs Papua New Guinea

Kazakhstan's GDP per capita is $14,005, ranking 72/197, compared to $3,076 in Papua New Guinea, ranking 140/197. Adjusted for purchasing power (GDP per capita PPP), Kazakhstan ranks 58th at $40,813, while Papua New Guinea ranks 158th at $4,889.

Kazakhstan
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Papua New Guinea
GDP per capita

GDP per capita, PPP
Year Current $
Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP GDP per capita GDP per capita, PPP
1960 - - $115.5 -
1961 - - $119.7 -
1962 - - $124.7 -
1963 - - $128.9 -
1964 - - $139.5 -
1965 - - $153.9 -
1966 - - $171.1 -
1967 - - $189 -
1968 - - $202.9 -
1969 - - $225.3 -
1970 - - $257.6 -
1971 - - $279.7 -
1972 - - $327 -
1973 - - $483 -
1974 - - $533 -
1975 - - $482 -
1976 - - $525 -
1977 - - $558 -
1978 - - $648 -
1979 - - $748 -
1980 - - $813 -
1981 - - $781 -
1982 - - $726 -
1983 - - $769 -
1984 - - $750 -
1985 - - $697 -
1986 - - $745 -
1987 - - $865 -
1988 - - $985 -
1989 - - $934 -
1990 $1,570 $7,874 $826 $1,703
1991 $1,442 $7,193 $942 $1,869
1992 $1,438 $6,945 $1,051 $2,100
1993 $1,355 $6,477 $1,151 $2,451
1994 $1,247 $5,860 $1,228 $2,558
1995 $1,218 $5,595 $998 $2,436
1996 $1,281 $5,836 $1,071 $2,578
1997 $1,382 $6,178 $990 $2,432
1998 $1,415 $6,284 $733 $2,285
1999 $1,092 $6,626 $650 $2,280
2000 $1,180 $7,418 $636 $2,196
2001 $1,422 $8,568 $538 $2,168
2002 $1,574 $9,504 $506 $2,125
2003 $1,958 $10,532 $577 $2,142
2004 $2,722 $11,777 $621 $2,187
2005 $3,577 $13,226 $744 $2,322
2006 $5,030 $14,966 $1,238 $2,444
2007 $6,449 $16,581 $1,371 $2,622
2008 $8,124 $17,278 $1,625 $2,583
2009 $6,938 $17,389 $1,569 $2,692
2010 $8,793 $18,642 $1,867 $2,912
2011 $11,287 $20,160 $2,288 $2,919
2012 $12,019 $21,367 $2,635 $3,026
2013 $13,478 $23,754 $2,561 $3,110
2014 $12,428 $23,958 $2,723 $3,500
2015 $10,196 $22,484 $2,485 $3,670
2016 $7,476 $23,023 $2,316 $3,813
2017 $8,943 $23,973 $2,478 $3,923
2018 $9,472 $25,096 $2,566 $3,910
2019 $9,457 $28,689 $2,576 $4,060
2020 $8,782 $29,040 $2,430 $3,900
2021 $9,984 $32,946 $2,608 $3,977
2022 $11,255 $35,895 $3,102 $4,420
2023 $12,879 $38,515 $2,966 $4,668
2024 $14,005 $40,813 $3,076 $4,889

Spending and national debt comparison

In 2024, Kazakhstan's government spending was $60.7B, accounting for 20.6% of its GDP, while Papua New Guinea's spent $6.61B, or 21.5% of GDP.

Debt-to-GDP ratio is 25.4% in Kazakhstan and 52% in Papua New Guinea, ranking 169/185 and 105/185, respectively.

Kazakhstan
Government spending

Government debt
Papua New Guinea
Government spending

Government debt
Year % of GDP
Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
Government spending Government debt Government spending Government debt
1990 - - 24.5% -
1991 - - 22.4% -
1992 - - 22.8% 30.4%
1993 - - 23.5% 30%
1994 - - 19.3% 40.1%
1995 - - 17.1% 36.6%
1996 - - 17.6% 37.8%
1997 - - 20.6% 43.9%
1998 - - 20% 45.7%
1999 - - 21.4% 41.8%
2000 - - 20.5% 42.3%
2001 - - 21.6% 47.7%
2002 20.5% 17.6% 20.8% 48.4%
2003 21.4% 15% 18.7% 40.4%
2004 21.3% 11.4% 19.4% 37.2%
2005 22% 8.1% 20.6% 31.6%
2006 19.8% 6.68% 19.4% 26%
2007 23.7% 4.09% 18% 22.2%
2008 27.1% 6.77% 19.8% 21.6%
2009 23.5% 10.2% 24.7% 21.7%
2010 22.5% 10.7% 18.4% 17.3%
2011 21.2% 10.2% 19.7% 16.3%
2012 21.9% 12.1% 22.4% 19.1%
2013 19.8% 12.6% 27.6% 24.9%
2014 21.3% 14.5% 27.1% 26.9%
2015 22.9% 21.9% 22.8% 29.9%
2016 21.5% 19.7% 20.9% 33.7%
2017 24.1% 19.9% 18.4% 32.5%
2018 18.8% 20.3% 20.3% 36.7%
2019 20.2% 19.9% 21.3% 38.2%
2020 24.5% 26.4% 23.5% 48.7%
2021 22.1% 25.1% 22% 52.6%
2022 21.7% 23.5% 21.9% 48.2%
2023 23.4% 23% 22.3% 53.7%
2024 21% 24.8% 20.3% 53.7%
2025 20.6% 25.4% 21.5% 52%

Government deficit by year

In 2024, Kazakhstan's government deficit, the difference between spending and revenue, was -$4.68B, equivalent to -1.62% of GDP. This compares to Papua New Guinea's deficit of -$1.19B, or -3.66% of GDP.

Over the past 23 years, Kazakhstan recorded a fiscal deficit in 9 of those years, while Papua New Guinea ran a deficit in 15 years. On average, Kazakhstan posted an annual surplus equal to +0.83% of GDP, compared to deficit of -1.94% of GDP for Papua New Guinea.

Deficit/surplus
Kazakhstan

Papua New Guinea
Year Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
1990 - -2.04%
1991 - -0.62%
1992 - -4.33%
1993 - -4.9%
1994 - -1.01%
1995 - 1.08%
1996 - 2.05%
1997 - 0.67%
1998 - -0.16%
1999 - -1.94%
2000 - 0.3%
2001 - -1.33%
2002 1.92% -1.75%
2003 4% 0.19%
2004 3.29% 2.03%
2005 6.08% 2.85%
2006 7.65% 5.34%
2007 5.13% 6.9%
2008 1.23% 2.73%
2009 -1.33% -5.48%
2010 1.47% 3.06%
2011 5.81% 2.22%
2012 4.43% -1.19%
2013 4.95% -6.87%
2014 2.48% -6.27%
2015 -6.26% -4.55%
2016 -4.5% -4.75%
2017 -4.27% -2.47%
2018 2.58% -2.58%
2019 -0.57% -4.98%
2020 -7.04% -8.85%
2021 -4.97% -6.84%
2022 0.11% -5.25%
2023 -1.52% -4.34%
2024 -1.62% -3.66%
2025 -3.15% -2.61%

Inflation comparison by year

Over the past 29 years, Kazakhstan has recorded an average annual inflation rate of 10%, compared with 6.53% in Papua New Guinea. In 2024, inflation was 11.4% in Kazakhstan and 0.6% in Papua New Guinea.

Inflation
Kazakhstan

Papua New Guinea
Year Inflation
Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
1996 39.2% 11.6%
1997 17.4% 3.96%
1998 7.1% 13.6%
1999 8.3% 14.9%
2000 13.2% 15.6%
2001 8.4% 9.3%
2002 6% 11.8%
2003 6.4% 14.7%
2004 7% 2.16%
2005 7.4% 1.78%
2006 8.6% 2.37%
2007 10.8% 0.91%
2008 17.2% 10.8%
2009 7.3% 6.92%
2010 7.1% 6.01%
2011 8.4% 4.44%
2012 5.1% 4.54%
2013 5.8% 4.96%
2014 6.6% 5.22%
2015 6.8% 6%
2016 14.6% 6.67%
2017 7.5% 5.42%
2018 6% 4.37%
2019 5.3% 3.93%
2020 6.8% 4.87%
2021 8% 4.48%
2022 15% 5.25%
2023 14.5% 2.3%
2024 8.7% 0.6%
2025 11.4% -

Top exports between countries

Kazakhstan
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $11K
Metals $9K
Raw materials & minerals $2K
Chemicals & pharma $1K
Textiles & consumer goods $1K
Papua New Guinea
Export category Export value
Machinery & equipment $1K

Balance of trade

Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
Current account balance
-$4.98B
2024
$4.77B
2024
Current account balance ranking
166/189
2024
35/189
2024
Current account balance, % of GDP
-1.73%
2024
+14.7%
2024
Goods imports
$61.2B
2024
$4.69B
2024
Goods exports
$78.8B
2024
$13.4B
2024
Service imports
$13B
2024
$2.4B
2024
Service exports
$11.8B
2024
$75.2M
2024
Imports of goods and services, % of GDP
27.5%
2023
58.9%
2004
Exports of goods and services, % of GDP
34.5%
2023
72.2%
2004

Economic freedom indices

The indices of economic freedom below are issued by the Heritage Foundation. Higher scores indicate stronger economic health.

Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
Economic freedom 63.8 52.5
Economic freedom ranking 74/197 146/197
Property rights 54.7 44.7
Government integrity 39.9 28.5
Judicial effectiveness 34.8 44.2
Tax burden 91.7 72.1
Government spending 85.1 85.5
Fiscal health 91.8 46.7
Business freedom 69.3 35.5
Labor freedom 63.2 64.6
Monetary freedom 61.3 73.6
Trade freedom 73.2 79.8
Investment freedom 50 25
Financial freedom 50 30

Economic freedom by year comparison

The Economic Freedom Index for Kazakhstan is 63.8, ranking 74/197, compared to 52.5 for Papua New Guinea, ranking 146/197. The chart below displays a comparison of annual changes in economic freedom indexes.

Kazakhstan
Papua New Guinea
Year Economic freedom index
Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
1996 - 58.6
1997 - 56.7
1998 41.7 55.2
1999 47.3 56.3
2000 50.4 55.8
2001 51.8 57.2
2002 52.4 -
2003 52.3 -
2004 49.7 -
2005 53.9 -
2006 60.2 -
2007 59.6 -
2008 61.1 -
2009 60.1 54.8
2010 61 53.5
2011 62.1 52.6
2012 63.6 53.8
2013 63 53.6
2014 63.7 53.9
2015 63.3 53.1
2016 63.6 53.2
2017 69 50.9
2018 69.1 55.7
2019 65.4 58.4
2020 69.6 58.4
2021 71.1 58.9
2022 64.4 54.6
2023 62.1 51.7
2024 62 49.4
2025 63.8 52.5

More economic indicators

Kazakhstan Papua New Guinea
Services, % of GDP
58.2%
2024
41.5%
2024
Industry, % of GDP
31.4%
2024
37.2%
2024
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, % of GDP
3.94%
2024
17.2%
2024
GNI, Atlas method
$250B
2024
$31.1B
2024
GNI per capita, PPP
$37,870
2024
$4,610
2024
Total reserves including gold
$45.8B
2024
$3.9B
2023
Total reserves ranking
43/177
2024
107/177
2023
Net foreign direct investment
-$1.21B
2024
$968M
2024
Net inflows of foreign direct investment
-$682M
2024
-$198M
2024
Net outflows of foreign direct investment
-$1.89B
2024
$770M
2024
Servicing debt to the IMF, % of GNI
19%
2023
19.6%
2023
Poverty at national poverty lines
5%
2024
39.9%
2009
Gross capital formation, % of GDP
29.8%
2023
20%
2004

GDP per capita map

GDP per capita

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Economy comparisons

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The current account balance is the sum of net trade in goods and services, net earnings from cross-border investments, and net transfer payments. It reflects a country's economic transactions with the rest of the world and is a fundamental component of the balance of payments. A surplus indicates that a country exports more than it imports, while a deficit shows the opposite.

Gross National Income (GNI) measures a country's total income. It encompasses income earned by residents, businesses, and foreign sources, defined as employee compensation and investment profits. GNI adds product taxes not included elsewhere and subtracts subsidies. It accounts for income from residents working abroad but excludes earnings from foreigners within the country.

A negative value for Net Foreign Direct Investment indicates a country is a net receiver of investments, as foreign inflows exceed outflows after Balance of Payments adjustments. A positive value indicates a net provider, with outflows exceeding inflows. Inflows are credits (increasing foreign claims on domestic assets), while outflows are debits (increasing domestic assets abroad).

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net inflows) shows how much capital foreign investors bring into a country after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of overseas companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in the reporting country. A positive number means more capital entered the country than was withdrawn, while a negative number means foreign investors pulled out more than they invested.

Foreign direct investment (FDI, net outflows) shows how much capital residents of a country invest abroad after accounting for any funds that flow back in the opposite direction. It represents the net value of domestic companies establishing, expanding, or financing businesses in other countries. A positive number means more capital was invested abroad than withdrawn, while a negative number means residents pulled back more than they invested.

Principal and interest payments to the IMF in currency, goods, or services on long-term debt expressed as a share of GNI.

Formerly gross domestic investment, gross capital formation measures the share of a country’s economic output invested in fixed assets, including buildings, machinery, and infrastructure. It indicates how much of the economy is devoted to building productive capacity.