The latest officially reported population of Malawi was 22,216,120 in 2025 vs 1,243,741 people in Mauritius in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Malawi's population is 23,086,106 people compared to 1,240,721 in Mauritius.
Population statistics:
- Malawi's population is 18.6 times bigger than Mauritius'.
- Malawi is ranked the 61st most populous country in the world, while Mauritius is the 157th.
- The countries together account for 0.29% of the world: 0.28% for Malawi vs 0.01% for Mauritius.
- For the last 10 years, Malawi has had an average growth rate of +2.67% per year vs -0.13% in Mauritius.
- Since 2006, the population of Malawi has increased from 13.2M people to 23.1M (74.9% growth), while Mauritius has grown from 1.23M to 1.24M (0.54% growth).
Malawi vs Mauritius: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
Malawi
|
Mauritius
|
|
| 2100 | 59,773,923 | 573,815 |
| 2099 | 59,515,624 | 582,097 |
| 2098 | 59,263,165 | 590,562 |
| 2097 | 59,015,654 | 599,251 |
| 2096 | 58,749,288 | 608,134 |
| 2095 | 58,495,699 | 617,230 |
| 2094 | 58,227,933 | 626,529 |
| 2093 | 57,954,358 | 636,052 |
| 2092 | 57,660,371 | 645,739 |
| 2091 | 57,364,786 | 655,617 |
| 2090 | 57,048,240 | 665,663 |
| 2089 | 56,727,243 | 675,889 |
| 2088 | 56,385,237 | 686,240 |
| 2087 | 56,041,651 | 696,717 |
| 2086 | 55,694,983 | 707,360 |
| 2085 | 55,336,839 | 718,105 |
| 2084 | 54,985,304 | 728,910 |
| 2083 | 54,593,349 | 739,778 |
| 2082 | 54,194,853 | 750,765 |
| 2081 | 53,783,781 | 761,750 |
| 2080 | 53,361,334 | 772,748 |
| 2079 | 52,936,889 | 783,786 |
| 2078 | 52,510,645 | 794,837 |
| 2077 | 52,052,767 | 805,918 |
| 2076 | 51,589,339 | 816,942 |
| 2075 | 51,130,762 | 827,927 |
| 2074 | 50,673,499 | 838,911 |
| 2073 | 50,218,991 | 849,873 |
| 2072 | 49,759,232 | 860,821 |
| 2071 | 49,276,570 | 871,644 |
| 2070 | 48,787,471 | 882,518 |
| 2069 | 48,291,287 | 893,282 |
| 2068 | 47,782,059 | 903,984 |
| 2067 | 47,267,335 | 914,668 |
| 2066 | 46,741,998 | 925,317 |
| 2065 | 46,218,226 | 935,999 |
| 2064 | 45,692,044 | 946,603 |
| 2063 | 45,169,634 | 957,115 |
| 2062 | 44,629,192 | 967,627 |
| 2061 | 44,067,259 | 978,076 |
| 2060 | 43,499,372 | 988,500 |
| 2059 | 42,907,491 | 998,838 |
| 2058 | 42,335,782 | 1,009,091 |
| 2057 | 41,753,105 | 1,019,346 |
| 2056 | 41,175,330 | 1,029,601 |
| 2055 | 40,576,247 | 1,039,730 |
| 2054 | 39,986,120 | 1,049,821 |
| 2053 | 39,369,178 | 1,059,876 |
| 2052 | 38,758,577 | 1,069,793 |
| 2051 | 38,145,141 | 1,079,612 |
| 2050 | 37,537,814 | 1,089,300 |
| 2049 | 36,928,354 | 1,098,902 |
| 2048 | 36,332,040 | 1,108,341 |
| 2047 | 35,717,466 | 1,117,590 |
| 2046 | 35,099,651 | 1,126,567 |
| 2045 | 34,484,520 | 1,135,321 |
| 2044 | 33,855,018 | 1,143,708 |
| 2043 | 33,240,675 | 1,151,882 |
| 2042 | 32,629,513 | 1,159,639 |
| 2041 | 32,012,581 | 1,167,107 |
| 2040 | 31,395,572 | 1,174,241 |
| 2039 | 30,775,878 | 1,181,008 |
| 2038 | 30,160,239 | 1,187,347 |
| 2037 | 29,521,489 | 1,193,347 |
| 2036 | 28,890,318 | 1,199,055 |
| 2035 | 28,261,909 | 1,204,453 |
| 2034 | 27,637,439 | 1,209,521 |
| 2033 | 27,012,311 | 1,214,292 |
| 2032 | 26,398,409 | 1,218,727 |
| 2031 | 25,790,366 | 1,222,858 |
| 2030 | 25,176,420 | 1,226,642 |
| 2029 | 24,561,210 | 1,230,401 |
| 2028 | 23,962,931 | 1,234,008 |
| 2027 | 23,369,575 | 1,237,431 |
| 2026 | 22,786,713 | 1,240,721 |
| 2025 | 22,216,120 | 1,243,741 |
| 2024 | 21,655,286 | 1,245,779 |
| 2023 | 21,104,482 | 1,248,647 |
| 2022 | 20,568,728 | 1,262,523 |
| 2021 | 20,047,258 | 1,266,334 |
| 2020 | 19,533,888 | 1,266,014 |
| 2019 | 19,025,752 | 1,265,985 |
| 2018 | 18,528,081 | 1,265,577 |
| 2017 | 18,039,715 | 1,264,887 |
| 2016 | 17,557,739 | 1,263,747 |
| 2015 | 17,085,587 | 1,262,879 |
| 2014 | 16,621,538 | 1,261,208 |
| 2013 | 16,161,816 | 1,258,927 |
| 2012 | 15,709,577 | 1,255,882 |
| 2011 | 15,265,022 | 1,252,404 |
| 2010 | 14,826,463 | 1,250,400 |
| 2009 | 14,395,788 | 1,247,429 |
| 2008 | 13,976,417 | 1,244,121 |
| 2007 | 13,576,343 | 1,239,630 |
| 2006 | 13,198,701 | 1,233,996 |
| 2005 | 12,840,031 | 1,228,254 |
| 2004 | 12,500,737 | 1,221,003 |
| 2003 | 12,181,574 | 1,213,370 |
| 2002 | 11,880,440 | 1,204,621 |
| 2001 | 11,593,058 | 1,196,287 |
| 2000 | 11,315,942 | 1,186,873 |
| 1999 | 11,047,804 | 1,175,267 |
| 1998 | 10,792,876 | 1,160,421 |
| 1997 | 10,562,035 | 1,148,284 |
| 1996 | 10,352,228 | 1,133,996 |
| 1995 | 10,150,117 | 1,122,457 |
| 1994 | 10,164,894 | 1,112,846 |
| 1993 | 10,284,024 | 1,097,374 |
| 1992 | 10,135,079 | 1,084,441 |
| 1991 | 9,844,227 | 1,070,266 |
| 1990 | 9,545,852 | 1,058,775 |
| 1989 | 9,176,220 | 1,051,260 |
| 1988 | 8,753,262 | 1,043,239 |
| 1987 | 8,293,174 | 1,036,082 |
| 1986 | 7,906,480 | 1,028,360 |
| 1985 | 7,620,508 | 1,020,528 |
| 1984 | 7,332,810 | 1,012,221 |
| 1983 | 7,051,709 | 1,001,691 |
| 1982 | 6,778,879 | 992,521 |
| 1981 | 6,516,454 | 980,462 |
| 1980 | 6,265,529 | 966,039 |
| 1979 | 6,028,749 | 949,888 |
| 1978 | 5,810,132 | 933,499 |
| 1977 | 5,614,983 | 921,379 |
| 1976 | 5,443,384 | 906,507 |
| 1975 | 5,287,367 | 892,000 |
| 1974 | 5,141,337 | 878,042 |
| 1973 | 5,003,938 | 864,819 |
| 1972 | 4,874,475 | 852,053 |
| 1971 | 4,751,434 | 839,230 |
| 1970 | 4,633,944 | 826,000 |
| 1969 | 4,521,184 | 812,405 |
| 1968 | 4,411,054 | 798,413 |
| 1967 | 4,303,012 | 783,917 |
| 1966 | 4,197,926 | 768,813 |
| 1965 | 4,096,157 | 753,000 |
| 1964 | 3,997,305 | 736,381 |
| 1963 | 3,900,506 | 718,861 |
| 1962 | 3,806,307 | 700,349 |
| 1961 | 3,715,534 | 680,757 |
| 1960 | 3,628,134 | 680,331 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/mauritius | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Malawi increased by 4,359,038 people (a 33% growth), while Mauritius gained 29,751 people (a 2.41% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Malawi gained 5,528,367 people (a 31.5% growth), while Mauritius' population decreased by 23,026 people (a 1.82% decline).
Malawi was ranked 69th most populous country in 2006 and is 61st in 2026. Mauritius was ranked 151st in 2006 and ranked 157th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Malawi's population will grow by 62.6% to 37,537,814 people with a rank change from 61st to 55th. The population of Mauritius will decrease by 12.2% to 1,089,300 people and rank change from 157th to 160th.
Malawi is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 59.8M people, while Mauritius' population already peaked in 2021 at 1.27M people and is projected to decrease to 574K people by 2100.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Malawi
|
Mauritius
|
|
| 2100 | 0.43% | -1.42% |
| 2099 | 0.43% | -1.43% |
| 2098 | 0.42% | -1.45% |
| 2097 | 0.45% | -1.46% |
| 2096 | 0.43% | -1.47% |
| 2095 | 0.46% | -1.48% |
| 2094 | 0.47% | -1.5% |
| 2093 | 0.51% | -1.5% |
| 2092 | 0.52% | -1.51% |
| 2091 | 0.55% | -1.51% |
| 2090 | 0.57% | -1.51% |
| 2089 | 0.61% | -1.51% |
| 2088 | 0.61% | -1.5% |
| 2087 | 0.62% | -1.5% |
| 2086 | 0.65% | -1.5% |
| 2085 | 0.64% | -1.48% |
| 2084 | 0.72% | -1.47% |
| 2083 | 0.74% | -1.46% |
| 2082 | 0.76% | -1.44% |
| 2081 | 0.79% | -1.42% |
| 2080 | 0.8% | -1.41% |
| 2079 | 0.81% | -1.39% |
| 2078 | 0.88% | -1.38% |
| 2077 | 0.9% | -1.35% |
| 2076 | 0.9% | -1.33% |
| 2075 | 0.9% | -1.31% |
| 2074 | 0.91% | -1.29% |
| 2073 | 0.92% | -1.27% |
| 2072 | 0.98% | -1.24% |
| 2071 | 1% | -1.23% |
| 2070 | 1.03% | -1.21% |
| 2069 | 1.07% | -1.18% |
| 2068 | 1.09% | -1.17% |
| 2067 | 1.12% | -1.15% |
| 2066 | 1.13% | -1.14% |
| 2065 | 1.15% | -1.12% |
| 2064 | 1.16% | -1.1% |
| 2063 | 1.21% | -1.09% |
| 2062 | 1.28% | -1.07% |
| 2061 | 1.31% | -1.05% |
| 2060 | 1.38% | -1.04% |
| 2059 | 1.35% | -1.02% |
| 2058 | 1.4% | -1.01% |
| 2057 | 1.4% | -1% |
| 2056 | 1.48% | -0.97% |
| 2055 | 1.48% | -0.96% |
| 2054 | 1.57% | -0.95% |
| 2053 | 1.58% | -0.93% |
| 2052 | 1.61% | -0.91% |
| 2051 | 1.62% | -0.89% |
| 2050 | 1.65% | -0.87% |
| 2049 | 1.64% | -0.85% |
| 2048 | 1.72% | -0.83% |
| 2047 | 1.76% | -0.8% |
| 2046 | 1.78% | -0.77% |
| 2045 | 1.86% | -0.73% |
| 2044 | 1.85% | -0.71% |
| 2043 | 1.87% | -0.67% |
| 2042 | 1.93% | -0.64% |
| 2041 | 1.97% | -0.61% |
| 2040 | 2.01% | -0.57% |
| 2039 | 2.04% | -0.53% |
| 2038 | 2.16% | -0.5% |
| 2037 | 2.18% | -0.48% |
| 2036 | 2.22% | -0.45% |
| 2035 | 2.26% | -0.42% |
| 2034 | 2.31% | -0.39% |
| 2033 | 2.33% | -0.36% |
| 2032 | 2.36% | -0.34% |
| 2031 | 2.44% | -0.31% |
| 2030 | 2.5% | -0.31% |
| 2029 | 2.5% | -0.29% |
| 2028 | 2.54% | -0.28% |
| 2027 | 2.56% | -0.27% |
| 2026 | 2.57% | -0.24% |
| 2025 | 2.59% | -0.16% |
| 2024 | 2.61% | -0.23% |
| 2023 | 2.6% | -1.1% |
| 2022 | 2.6% | -0.3% |
| 2021 | 2.63% | 0.03% |
| 2020 | 2.67% | 0.002% |
| 2019 | 2.69% | 0.03% |
| 2018 | 2.71% | 0.05% |
| 2017 | 2.75% | 0.09% |
| 2016 | 2.76% | 0.07% |
| 2015 | 2.79% | 0.13% |
| 2014 | 2.84% | 0.18% |
| 2013 | 2.88% | 0.24% |
| 2012 | 2.91% | 0.28% |
| 2011 | 2.96% | 0.16% |
| 2010 | 2.99% | 0.24% |
| 2009 | 3% | 0.27% |
| 2008 | 2.95% | 0.36% |
| 2007 | 2.86% | 0.46% |
| 2006 | 2.79% | 0.47% |
| 2005 | 2.71% | 0.59% |
| 2004 | 2.62% | 0.63% |
| 2003 | 2.53% | 0.73% |
| 2002 | 2.48% | 0.7% |
| 2001 | 2.45% | 0.79% |
| 2000 | 2.43% | 0.99% |
| 1999 | 2.36% | 1.28% |
| 1998 | 2.19% | 1.06% |
| 1997 | 2.03% | 1.26% |
| 1996 | 1.99% | 1.03% |
| 1995 | -0.15% | 0.86% |
| 1994 | -1.16% | 1.41% |
| 1993 | 1.47% | 1.19% |
| 1992 | 2.95% | 1.32% |
| 1991 | 3.13% | 1.09% |
| 1990 | 4.03% | 0.71% |
| 1989 | 4.83% | 0.77% |
| 1988 | 5.55% | 0.69% |
| 1987 | 4.89% | 0.75% |
| 1986 | 3.75% | 0.77% |
| 1985 | 3.92% | 0.82% |
| 1984 | 3.99% | 1.05% |
| 1983 | 4.02% | 0.92% |
| 1982 | 4.03% | 1.23% |
| 1981 | 4% | 1.49% |
| 1980 | 3.93% | 1.7% |
| 1979 | 3.76% | 1.76% |
| 1978 | 3.48% | 1.32% |
| 1977 | 3.15% | 1.64% |
| 1976 | 2.95% | 1.63% |
| 1975 | 2.84% | 1.59% |
| 1974 | 2.75% | 1.53% |
| 1973 | 2.66% | 1.5% |
| 1972 | 2.59% | 1.53% |
| 1971 | 2.54% | 1.6% |
| 1970 | 2.49% | 1.67% |
| 1969 | 2.5% | 1.75% |
| 1968 | 2.51% | 1.85% |
| 1967 | 2.5% | 1.96% |
| 1966 | 2.48% | 2.1% |
| 1965 | 2.47% | 2.26% |
| 1964 | 2.48% | 2.44% |
| 1963 | 2.47% | 2.64% |
| 1962 | 2.44% | 2.88% |
| 1961 | 2.41% | 0.06% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/mauritius | CC BY
In 2025, the population of Malawi grew by 2.59%, while Mauritius' population declined by 0.16%.
Live population counters
|
Malawi
|
Mauritius
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
23086106
|
1240721
|
| Population rank | 61/197 | 157/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.28% | 0.01% |
| One net population change |
56.4 seconds
|
4.31 hours
|
| One birth every |
46.8 seconds
|
41 minutes
|
| One death every |
4.59 minutes
|
42.2 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,537 | -6 |
| Annual growth/decline | +560,834 | -2,038 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.59% | -0.16% |
| Population growth rate rank | 23/197 | 171/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.56 hours
|
3.16 hours
|
| Annual migration change | -5,628 | -2,784 |
| Net migration rank | 118/196 | 103/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 186,719 | 29,142 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 117/195 | 165/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.9% | 2.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 158/195 | 129/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Malawi
|
Mauritius
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,628 | - | -2,784 |
| 2024 | 559,811 | -1,507 | 374 | -2,787 |
| 2023 | 549,096 | -5,811 | 999 | -2,824 |
| 2022 | 533,450 | -5,231 | -757 | -2,824 |
| 2021 | 517,400 | -2,666 | -380 | -4,324 |
| 2020 | 514,659 | -2,655 | 2,406 | -5,895 |
| 2019 | 506,104 | -1,837 | 1,646 | -5,202 |
| 2018 | 494,348 | -3,267 | 2,152 | -5,084 |
| 2017 | 484,655 | 982 | 3,289 | -5,322 |
| 2016 | 474,779 | 3,505 | 2,906 | -4,483 |
| 2015 | 472,484 | -6,471 | 2,905 | -3,645 |
| 2014 | 472,418 | -10,317 | 3,657 | -3,691 |
| 2013 | 470,293 | -12,934 | 4,281 | -3,617 |
| 2012 | 460,684 | -13,561 | 5,023 | -3,663 |
| 2011 | 454,149 | -12,170 | 5,511 | -2,465 |
| 2010 | 444,468 | -9,327 | 5,877 | -2,624 |
| 2009 | 434,811 | -8,590 | 6,113 | -2,467 |
| 2008 | 421,781 | -9,264 | 7,465 | -2,589 |
| 2007 | 410,290 | -22,680 | 8,429 | -2,642 |
| 2006 | 397,123 | -29,450 | 8,515 | -2,757 |
| 2005 | 381,130 | -31,462 | 10,195 | -2,840 |
| 2004 | 361,133 | -32,221 | 10,745 | -3,001 |
| 2003 | 341,133 | -31,729 | 10,799 | -3,141 |
| 2002 | 322,863 | -30,013 | 11,685 | -3,150 |
| 2001 | 310,833 | -28,933 | 11,723 | -3,225 |
| 2000 | 300,439 | -28,098 | 12,224 | -2,326 |
| 1999 | 295,629 | -31,686 | 12,341 | -1,463 |
| 1998 | 285,407 | -39,491 | 11,489 | -1,292 |
| 1997 | 277,433 | -61,646 | 11,943 | -1,199 |
| 1996 | 270,048 | -66,212 | 13,041 | -1,092 |
| 1995 | 266,745 | -66,366 | 13,020 | -1,144 |
| 1994 | 275,439 | -505,365 | 14,355 | -1,112 |
| 1993 | 276,538 | -284,867 | 14,814 | -1,189 |
| 1992 | 269,066 | 37,142 | 15,833 | -1,254 |
| 1991 | 260,193 | 15,291 | 15,091 | -1,333 |
| 1990 | 250,159 | 71,111 | 15,564 | -1,938 |
| 1989 | 237,967 | 180,031 | 14,718 | -2,463 |
| 1988 | 226,911 | 201,011 | 14,084 | -1,399 |
| 1987 | 220,566 | 271,693 | 13,262 | -300 |
| 1986 | 218,519 | 62,615 | 12,340 | 852 |
| 1985 | 216,179 | 74,625 | 12,451 | 615 |
| 1984 | 212,146 | 72,435 | 13,665 | -258 |
| 1983 | 209,422 | 68,197 | 14,525 | -1,756 |
| 1982 | 205,386 | 62,661 | 15,880 | -2,226 |
| 1981 | 199,436 | 57,376 | 18,334 | -1,559 |
| 1980 | 192,746 | 52,294 | 19,321 | -1,739 |
| 1979 | 182,123 | 46,388 | 19,282 | -2,363 |
| 1978 | 172,503 | 36,225 | 18,670 | -3,129 |
| 1977 | 161,930 | 19,638 | 16,769 | -3,749 |
| 1976 | 153,422 | 8,206 | 16,407 | -3,807 |
| 1975 | 145,254 | 5,162 | 15,342 | -3,869 |
| 1974 | 137,819 | 3,833 | 17,561 | -4,908 |
| 1973 | 131,529 | 1,623 | 13,145 | -2,144 |
| 1972 | 125,728 | 48 | 14,825 | -2,408 |
| 1971 | 121,015 | -710 | 15,441 | -960 |
| 1970 | 116,822 | -2,147 | 16,190 | -1,281 |
| 1969 | 113,120 | -2,266 | 15,761 | -674 |
| 1968 | 110,329 | -924 | 17,884 | -2,445 |
| 1967 | 106,668 | 0 | 17,560 | -1,257 |
| 1966 | 103,512 | 0 | 20,758 | -4,123 |
| 1965 | 100,040 | 0 | 20,482 | -3,597 |
| 1964 | 97,658 | 0 | 22,239 | -4,850 |
| 1963 | 95,933 | 0 | 22,069 | -5,236 |
| 1962 | 92,463 | 0 | 20,660 | -6,107 |
| 1961 | 89,091 | 0 | 20,355 | -8,984 |
| 1960 | 85,718 | 0 | 19,931 | -7,083 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/mauritius | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.5% of the population change in Malawi is from natural causes (a gain of 5,106,786 people) and 0.49% is from migration (a loss of 24,958 people). In Mauritius 26.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 15,540 people) and 73.2% is from migration (a loss of 42,390 people).
As of 2024, 186,719 residents or 0.9% of the population were not native-born in Malawi, compared to 29,142 people or 2.3% in Mauritius.
Biggest cities by population
|
Malawi
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lilongwe | 989K |
| Mzimba | 936K |
| Blantyre | 800K |
| Mzuzu | 150K |
| Zomba | 101K |
| Mangochi | 53.5K |
| Mulanje | 14.8K |
| Ntcheu | 14.6K |
| Monkey Bay | 14.6K |
|
Mauritius
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Port Louis | 149K |
| Quatre Bornes | 81.8K |
| Curepipe | 77.5K |
| Triolet | 23.4K |
| Goodlands | 20.7K |
| Centre de Flacq | 15.8K |
| Mahebourg | 15.8K |
| Bambous | 15.3K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Malawi and Mauritius
|
Malawi
|
Mauritius
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 67.9 years | 75.4 years |
| Average age | 23 years | 39.6 years |
| Median age | 19.2 years | 38.9 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.8:51.2 | 49.9:50.1 |
| Fertility rate | 3.59 births per woman | 1.44 births per woman |
| Population density | 626 ppl/mi² | 1,609 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/mauritius | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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