The latest officially reported population of Malawi was 21,655,286 in 2024 vs 10,576,502 people in Papua New Guinea in 2024. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current Malawi's population is 22,949,294 people compared to 11,002,753 in Papua New Guinea.
Population statistics:
- Malawi's population is 2.09 times bigger than Papua New Guinea's.
- Malawi is ranked the 61st most populous country in the world, while Papua New Guinea is the 89th.
- The countries together account for 0.41% of the world: 0.28% for Malawi vs 0.13% for Papua New Guinea.
- For the last 10 years, Malawi has had an average growth rate of +2.7% per year vs +2.23% in Papua New Guinea.
- Since 2006, the population of Malawi has increased from 13.2M people to 22.9M (73.9% growth), while Papua New Guinea has grown from 6.75M to 11M (63.1% growth).
Malawi vs Papua New Guinea: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 59,786,744 | 18,802,138 |
| 2099 | 59,528,389 | 18,790,040 |
| 2098 | 59,275,876 | 18,776,265 |
| 2097 | 59,028,312 | 18,758,897 |
| 2096 | 58,761,888 | 18,737,707 |
| 2095 | 58,508,246 | 18,714,219 |
| 2094 | 58,240,422 | 18,687,257 |
| 2093 | 57,966,788 | 18,658,233 |
| 2092 | 57,672,738 | 18,625,772 |
| 2091 | 57,377,090 | 18,590,001 |
| 2090 | 57,060,476 | 18,549,501 |
| 2089 | 56,739,410 | 18,510,463 |
| 2088 | 56,397,330 | 18,468,827 |
| 2087 | 56,053,671 | 18,424,378 |
| 2086 | 55,706,928 | 18,376,043 |
| 2085 | 55,348,708 | 18,325,641 |
| 2084 | 54,997,097 | 18,274,394 |
| 2083 | 54,605,058 | 18,218,709 |
| 2082 | 54,206,477 | 18,163,177 |
| 2081 | 53,795,317 | 18,104,285 |
| 2080 | 53,372,779 | 18,039,008 |
| 2079 | 52,948,243 | 17,975,778 |
| 2078 | 52,521,908 | 17,908,670 |
| 2077 | 52,063,931 | 17,840,781 |
| 2076 | 51,600,404 | 17,771,791 |
| 2075 | 51,141,728 | 17,699,428 |
| 2074 | 50,684,368 | 17,625,044 |
| 2073 | 50,229,762 | 17,548,128 |
| 2072 | 49,769,904 | 17,466,649 |
| 2071 | 49,287,139 | 17,381,598 |
| 2070 | 48,797,935 | 17,295,105 |
| 2069 | 48,301,644 | 17,205,503 |
| 2068 | 47,792,308 | 17,112,154 |
| 2067 | 47,277,473 | 17,015,090 |
| 2066 | 46,752,024 | 16,915,436 |
| 2065 | 46,228,139 | 16,812,946 |
| 2064 | 45,701,844 | 16,708,669 |
| 2063 | 45,179,322 | 16,604,296 |
| 2062 | 44,638,764 | 16,497,292 |
| 2061 | 44,076,711 | 16,386,905 |
| 2060 | 43,508,702 | 16,270,535 |
| 2059 | 42,916,694 | 16,152,614 |
| 2058 | 42,344,863 | 16,032,684 |
| 2057 | 41,762,060 | 15,909,649 |
| 2056 | 41,184,161 | 15,784,519 |
| 2055 | 40,584,950 | 15,656,542 |
| 2054 | 39,994,696 | 15,523,143 |
| 2053 | 39,377,622 | 15,389,244 |
| 2052 | 38,766,890 | 15,250,715 |
| 2051 | 38,153,322 | 15,110,389 |
| 2050 | 37,545,865 | 14,968,530 |
| 2049 | 36,936,275 | 14,821,865 |
| 2048 | 36,339,833 | 14,673,459 |
| 2047 | 35,725,127 | 14,522,926 |
| 2046 | 35,107,179 | 14,370,120 |
| 2045 | 34,491,916 | 14,213,585 |
| 2044 | 33,862,279 | 14,056,036 |
| 2043 | 33,247,804 | 13,897,765 |
| 2042 | 32,636,511 | 13,738,690 |
| 2041 | 32,019,447 | 13,577,382 |
| 2040 | 31,402,305 | 13,413,396 |
| 2039 | 30,782,479 | 13,247,486 |
| 2038 | 30,166,708 | 13,079,352 |
| 2037 | 29,527,821 | 12,909,735 |
| 2036 | 28,896,515 | 12,738,223 |
| 2035 | 28,267,970 | 12,566,543 |
| 2034 | 27,643,367 | 12,392,476 |
| 2033 | 27,018,105 | 12,218,246 |
| 2032 | 26,404,071 | 12,042,345 |
| 2031 | 25,795,897 | 11,865,316 |
| 2030 | 25,181,820 | 11,685,599 |
| 2029 | 24,566,478 | 11,504,890 |
| 2028 | 23,968,071 | 11,322,573 |
| 2027 | 23,374,588 | 11,138,409 |
| 2026 | 22,791,601 | 10,952,454 |
| 2025 | 22,220,885 | 10,765,048 |
| 2024 | 21,655,286 | 10,576,502 |
| 2023 | 21,104,482 | 10,389,635 |
| 2022 | 20,568,728 | 10,203,169 |
| 2021 | 20,047,258 | 10,012,896 |
| 2020 | 19,533,888 | 9,815,746 |
| 2019 | 19,025,752 | 9,609,010 |
| 2018 | 18,528,081 | 9,394,513 |
| 2017 | 18,039,715 | 9,178,714 |
| 2016 | 17,557,739 | 8,961,718 |
| 2015 | 17,085,587 | 8,743,246 |
| 2014 | 16,621,538 | 8,523,441 |
| 2013 | 16,161,816 | 8,302,698 |
| 2012 | 15,709,577 | 8,081,390 |
| 2011 | 15,265,022 | 7,859,346 |
| 2010 | 14,826,463 | 7,633,523 |
| 2009 | 14,395,788 | 7,406,438 |
| 2008 | 13,976,417 | 7,183,002 |
| 2007 | 13,576,343 | 6,963,345 |
| 2006 | 13,198,701 | 6,747,720 |
| 2005 | 12,840,031 | 6,535,905 |
| 2004 | 12,500,737 | 6,328,041 |
| 2003 | 12,181,574 | 6,123,997 |
| 2002 | 11,880,440 | 5,924,003 |
| 2001 | 11,593,058 | 5,728,435 |
| 2000 | 11,315,942 | 5,537,064 |
| 1999 | 11,047,804 | 5,349,333 |
| 1998 | 10,792,876 | 5,166,390 |
| 1997 | 10,562,035 | 4,987,883 |
| 1996 | 10,352,228 | 4,813,361 |
| 1995 | 10,150,117 | 4,644,278 |
| 1994 | 10,164,894 | 4,480,208 |
| 1993 | 10,284,024 | 4,320,872 |
| 1992 | 10,135,079 | 4,166,699 |
| 1991 | 9,844,227 | 4,021,837 |
| 1990 | 9,545,852 | 3,896,481 |
| 1989 | 9,176,220 | 3,796,078 |
| 1988 | 8,753,262 | 3,711,880 |
| 1987 | 8,293,174 | 3,632,543 |
| 1986 | 7,906,480 | 3,554,793 |
| 1985 | 7,620,508 | 3,478,936 |
| 1984 | 7,332,810 | 3,405,198 |
| 1983 | 7,051,709 | 3,333,633 |
| 1982 | 6,778,879 | 3,264,291 |
| 1981 | 6,516,454 | 3,197,019 |
| 1980 | 6,265,529 | 3,131,512 |
| 1979 | 6,028,749 | 3,067,341 |
| 1978 | 5,810,132 | 3,003,714 |
| 1977 | 5,614,983 | 2,940,327 |
| 1976 | 5,443,384 | 2,877,327 |
| 1975 | 5,287,367 | 2,814,820 |
| 1974 | 5,141,337 | 2,752,671 |
| 1973 | 5,003,938 | 2,690,629 |
| 1972 | 4,874,475 | 2,628,432 |
| 1971 | 4,751,434 | 2,566,421 |
| 1970 | 4,633,944 | 2,505,628 |
| 1969 | 4,521,184 | 2,446,927 |
| 1968 | 4,411,054 | 2,390,803 |
| 1967 | 4,303,012 | 2,337,532 |
| 1966 | 4,197,926 | 2,285,774 |
| 1965 | 4,096,157 | 2,235,820 |
| 1964 | 3,997,305 | 2,188,325 |
| 1963 | 3,900,506 | 2,141,376 |
| 1962 | 3,806,307 | 2,093,919 |
| 1961 | 3,715,534 | 2,046,127 |
| 1960 | 3,628,134 | 1,995,110 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/papua-new-guinea | CC BY
From 2006 to 2016, the population of Malawi increased by 4,359,038 people (a 33% growth), while Papua New Guinea gained 2,213,998 people (a 32.8% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, Malawi gained 5,391,555 people (a 30.7% growth), while Papua New Guinea's population increased by 2,041,035 people (a 22.8% growth).
Malawi was ranked 69th most populous country in 2006 and is 61st in 2026. Papua New Guinea was ranked 100th in 2006 and ranked 89th now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) Malawi's population will grow by 63.6% to 37,545,865 people with a rank change from 61st to 55th. The population of Papua New Guinea will increase by 36% to 14,968,530 people and rank change from 89th to 85th.
Malawi is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 59.8M people compared to the peak of 18.8M people in 2100 for Papua New Guinea.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
| 2100 | 0.43% | 0.06% |
| 2099 | 0.43% | 0.07% |
| 2098 | 0.42% | 0.09% |
| 2097 | 0.45% | 0.11% |
| 2096 | 0.43% | 0.13% |
| 2095 | 0.46% | 0.14% |
| 2094 | 0.47% | 0.16% |
| 2093 | 0.51% | 0.17% |
| 2092 | 0.52% | 0.19% |
| 2091 | 0.55% | 0.22% |
| 2090 | 0.57% | 0.21% |
| 2089 | 0.61% | 0.23% |
| 2088 | 0.61% | 0.24% |
| 2087 | 0.62% | 0.26% |
| 2086 | 0.65% | 0.28% |
| 2085 | 0.64% | 0.28% |
| 2084 | 0.72% | 0.31% |
| 2083 | 0.74% | 0.31% |
| 2082 | 0.76% | 0.33% |
| 2081 | 0.79% | 0.36% |
| 2080 | 0.8% | 0.35% |
| 2079 | 0.81% | 0.37% |
| 2078 | 0.88% | 0.38% |
| 2077 | 0.9% | 0.39% |
| 2076 | 0.9% | 0.41% |
| 2075 | 0.9% | 0.42% |
| 2074 | 0.91% | 0.44% |
| 2073 | 0.92% | 0.47% |
| 2072 | 0.98% | 0.49% |
| 2071 | 1% | 0.5% |
| 2070 | 1.03% | 0.52% |
| 2069 | 1.07% | 0.55% |
| 2068 | 1.09% | 0.57% |
| 2067 | 1.12% | 0.59% |
| 2066 | 1.13% | 0.61% |
| 2065 | 1.15% | 0.62% |
| 2064 | 1.16% | 0.63% |
| 2063 | 1.21% | 0.65% |
| 2062 | 1.28% | 0.67% |
| 2061 | 1.31% | 0.72% |
| 2060 | 1.38% | 0.73% |
| 2059 | 1.35% | 0.75% |
| 2058 | 1.4% | 0.77% |
| 2057 | 1.4% | 0.79% |
| 2056 | 1.48% | 0.82% |
| 2055 | 1.48% | 0.86% |
| 2054 | 1.57% | 0.87% |
| 2053 | 1.58% | 0.91% |
| 2052 | 1.61% | 0.93% |
| 2051 | 1.62% | 0.95% |
| 2050 | 1.65% | 0.99% |
| 2049 | 1.64% | 1.01% |
| 2048 | 1.72% | 1.04% |
| 2047 | 1.76% | 1.06% |
| 2046 | 1.78% | 1.1% |
| 2045 | 1.86% | 1.12% |
| 2044 | 1.85% | 1.14% |
| 2043 | 1.87% | 1.16% |
| 2042 | 1.93% | 1.19% |
| 2041 | 1.97% | 1.22% |
| 2040 | 2.01% | 1.25% |
| 2039 | 2.04% | 1.29% |
| 2038 | 2.16% | 1.31% |
| 2037 | 2.18% | 1.35% |
| 2036 | 2.22% | 1.37% |
| 2035 | 2.26% | 1.4% |
| 2034 | 2.31% | 1.43% |
| 2033 | 2.33% | 1.46% |
| 2032 | 2.36% | 1.49% |
| 2031 | 2.44% | 1.54% |
| 2030 | 2.5% | 1.57% |
| 2029 | 2.5% | 1.61% |
| 2028 | 2.54% | 1.65% |
| 2027 | 2.56% | 1.7% |
| 2026 | 2.57% | 1.74% |
| 2025 | 2.61% | 1.78% |
| 2024 | 2.61% | 1.8% |
| 2023 | 2.6% | 1.83% |
| 2022 | 2.6% | 1.9% |
| 2021 | 2.63% | 2.01% |
| 2020 | 2.67% | 2.15% |
| 2019 | 2.69% | 2.28% |
| 2018 | 2.71% | 2.35% |
| 2017 | 2.75% | 2.42% |
| 2016 | 2.76% | 2.5% |
| 2015 | 2.79% | 2.58% |
| 2014 | 2.84% | 2.66% |
| 2013 | 2.88% | 2.74% |
| 2012 | 2.91% | 2.83% |
| 2011 | 2.96% | 2.96% |
| 2010 | 2.99% | 3.07% |
| 2009 | 3% | 3.11% |
| 2008 | 2.95% | 3.15% |
| 2007 | 2.86% | 3.2% |
| 2006 | 2.79% | 3.24% |
| 2005 | 2.71% | 3.28% |
| 2004 | 2.62% | 3.33% |
| 2003 | 2.53% | 3.38% |
| 2002 | 2.48% | 3.41% |
| 2001 | 2.45% | 3.46% |
| 2000 | 2.43% | 3.51% |
| 1999 | 2.36% | 3.54% |
| 1998 | 2.19% | 3.58% |
| 1997 | 2.03% | 3.63% |
| 1996 | 1.99% | 3.64% |
| 1995 | -0.15% | 3.66% |
| 1994 | -1.16% | 3.69% |
| 1993 | 1.47% | 3.7% |
| 1992 | 2.95% | 3.6% |
| 1991 | 3.13% | 3.22% |
| 1990 | 4.03% | 2.64% |
| 1989 | 4.83% | 2.27% |
| 1988 | 5.55% | 2.18% |
| 1987 | 4.89% | 2.19% |
| 1986 | 3.75% | 2.18% |
| 1985 | 3.92% | 2.17% |
| 1984 | 3.99% | 2.15% |
| 1983 | 4.02% | 2.12% |
| 1982 | 4.03% | 2.1% |
| 1981 | 4% | 2.09% |
| 1980 | 3.93% | 2.09% |
| 1979 | 3.76% | 2.12% |
| 1978 | 3.48% | 2.16% |
| 1977 | 3.15% | 2.19% |
| 1976 | 2.95% | 2.22% |
| 1975 | 2.84% | 2.26% |
| 1974 | 2.75% | 2.31% |
| 1973 | 2.66% | 2.37% |
| 1972 | 2.59% | 2.42% |
| 1971 | 2.54% | 2.43% |
| 1970 | 2.49% | 2.4% |
| 1969 | 2.5% | 2.35% |
| 1968 | 2.51% | 2.28% |
| 1967 | 2.5% | 2.26% |
| 1966 | 2.48% | 2.23% |
| 1965 | 2.47% | 2.17% |
| 1964 | 2.48% | 2.19% |
| 1963 | 2.47% | 2.27% |
| 1962 | 2.44% | 2.34% |
| 1961 | 2.41% | 2.56% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2025–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10); World Bank | Health (1961–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/papua-new-guinea | CC BY
In 2024, the population of Malawi grew by 2.61%, while Papua New Guinea's population grew by 1.8%.
Live population counters
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
22949294
|
11002753
|
| Population rank | 61/197 | 89/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.28% | 0.13% |
| One net population change |
57.3 seconds
|
2.81 minutes
|
| One birth every |
47.6 seconds
|
2.06 minutes
|
| One death every |
4.64 minutes
|
7.76 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +1,509 | +512 |
| Annual growth/decline | +550,804 | +186,867 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.61% | +1.8% |
| Population growth rate rank | 26/197 | 59/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.56 hours
|
1.29 days
|
| Annual migration change | -5,628 | -284 |
| Net migration rank | 118/196 | 87/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 186,719 | 31,171 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 117/195 | 163/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 0.9% | 0.3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 158/195 | 183/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | -5,628 | - | -284 |
| 2024 | - | -1,507 | - | -707 |
| 2023 | 549,096 | -5,811 | 187,637 | -787 |
| 2022 | 533,450 | -5,231 | 186,861 | -787 |
| 2021 | 517,400 | -2,666 | 183,766 | 10,703 |
| 2020 | 514,659 | -2,655 | 189,130 | 10,703 |
| 2019 | 506,104 | -1,837 | 190,662 | 22,978 |
| 2018 | 494,348 | -3,267 | 190,662 | 24,684 |
| 2017 | 484,655 | 982 | 189,715 | 26,513 |
| 2016 | 474,779 | 3,505 | 189,281 | 28,473 |
| 2015 | 472,484 | -6,471 | 188,600 | 30,580 |
| 2014 | 472,418 | -10,317 | 187,592 | 32,840 |
| 2013 | 470,293 | -12,934 | 185,790 | 35,280 |
| 2012 | 460,684 | -13,561 | 183,658 | 37,893 |
| 2011 | 454,149 | -12,170 | 181,842 | 40,690 |
| 2010 | 444,468 | -9,327 | 178,998 | 50,106 |
| 2009 | 434,811 | -8,590 | 175,421 | 49,647 |
| 2008 | 421,781 | -9,264 | 172,823 | 48,985 |
| 2007 | 410,290 | -22,680 | 169,306 | 48,203 |
| 2006 | 397,123 | -29,450 | 166,540 | 47,191 |
| 2005 | 381,130 | -31,462 | 163,888 | 46,014 |
| 2004 | 361,133 | -32,221 | 161,023 | 44,811 |
| 2003 | 341,133 | -31,729 | 158,611 | 43,639 |
| 2002 | 322,863 | -30,013 | 155,091 | 42,657 |
| 2001 | 310,833 | -28,933 | 151,431 | 41,962 |
| 2000 | 300,439 | -28,098 | 147,496 | 41,855 |
| 1999 | 295,629 | -31,686 | 143,592 | 42,519 |
| 1998 | 285,407 | -39,491 | 136,677 | 43,091 |
| 1997 | 277,433 | -61,646 | 134,458 | 42,787 |
| 1996 | 270,048 | -66,212 | 129,802 | 41,994 |
| 1995 | 266,745 | -66,366 | 125,410 | 40,962 |
| 1994 | 275,439 | -505,365 | 122,113 | 39,669 |
| 1993 | 276,538 | -284,867 | 118,668 | 38,220 |
| 1992 | 269,066 | 37,142 | 114,818 | 36,622 |
| 1991 | 260,193 | 15,291 | 111,453 | 26,830 |
| 1990 | 250,159 | 71,111 | 110,033 | 2,398 |
| 1989 | 237,967 | 180,031 | 108,199 | -19,824 |
| 1988 | 226,911 | 201,011 | 106,256 | -26,232 |
| 1987 | 220,566 | 271,693 | 104,367 | -25,720 |
| 1986 | 218,519 | 62,615 | 102,346 | -25,495 |
| 1985 | 216,179 | 74,625 | 100,333 | -25,470 |
| 1984 | 212,146 | 72,435 | 98,103 | -25,487 |
| 1983 | 209,422 | 68,197 | 95,982 | -25,465 |
| 1982 | 205,386 | 62,661 | 93,522 | -25,355 |
| 1981 | 199,436 | 57,376 | 91,767 | -25,383 |
| 1980 | 192,746 | 52,294 | 90,266 | -25,638 |
| 1979 | 182,123 | 46,388 | 89,330 | -25,618 |
| 1978 | 172,503 | 36,225 | 88,747 | -25,208 |
| 1977 | 161,930 | 19,638 | 87,954 | -24,722 |
| 1976 | 153,422 | 8,206 | 86,965 | -24,198 |
| 1975 | 145,254 | 5,162 | 85,809 | -23,562 |
| 1974 | 137,819 | 3,833 | 84,829 | -22,771 |
| 1973 | 131,529 | 1,623 | 83,821 | -21,803 |
| 1972 | 125,728 | 48 | 82,672 | -20,303 |
| 1971 | 121,015 | -710 | 80,599 | -18,945 |
| 1970 | 116,822 | -2,147 | 78,712 | -18,773 |
| 1969 | 113,120 | -2,266 | 76,454 | -18,994 |
| 1968 | 110,329 | -924 | 73,983 | -19,188 |
| 1967 | 106,668 | 0 | 71,519 | -19,767 |
| 1966 | 103,512 | 0 | 69,206 | -17,454 |
| 1965 | 100,040 | 0 | 66,693 | -18,532 |
| 1964 | 97,658 | 0 | 64,558 | -17,730 |
| 1963 | 95,933 | 0 | 62,260 | -15,189 |
| 1962 | 92,463 | 0 | 59,974 | -12,141 |
| 1961 | 89,091 | 0 | 58,151 | -10,409 |
| 1960 | 85,718 | 0 | 56,326 | -2,034 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/papua-new-guinea | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 99.3% of the population change in Malawi is from natural causes (a gain of 5,019,393 people) and 0.67% is from migration (a loss of 33,768 people). In Papua New Guinea 91% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,883,906 people) and 8.98% is from migration (a gain of 185,900 people).
As of 2024, 186,719 residents or 0.9% of the population were not native-born in Malawi, compared to 31,171 people or 0.3% in Papua New Guinea.
Biggest cities by population
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lilongwe | 989K |
| Blantyre | 800K |
| Mzuzu | 150K |
| Zomba | 101K |
| Mangochi | 53.5K |
| Mzimba | 26.1K |
| Mulanje | 14.8K |
| Ntcheu | 14.6K |
| Monkey Bay | 14.6K |
|
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Port Moresby | 317K |
| Lae | 101K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between Malawi and Papua New Guinea
|
|
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 67.9 years | 66.5 years |
| Average age | 22.8 years | 26.7 years |
| Median age | 18.9 years | 23.6 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 48.8:51.2 | 51.4:48.6 |
| Fertility rate | 3.65 births per woman | 3.1 births per woman |
| Population density | 626 ppl/mi² | 62.6 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20).
GeoRank.org/population/malawi/papua-new-guinea | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-02-08)
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