Skip to content

Italy vs Lebanon statistics compared

Updated on by Georank team

Italy has a population of 59M (ranked 25/197), compared with 5.81M in Lebanon (ranked 115/197). Italy's land area is 114,178 sq mi versus 3,950 sq mi for Lebanon (ranked 72nd vs. 160th).

By GDP, Italy ranks 8/197 ($2.37T) and Lebanon ranks 128/197 ($20.1B). By GDP per capita, Italy ranks 29/197 ($40,226), while Lebanon ranks 135/197 ($3,478).

Main facts and rankings

Italy Lebanon
Population
58790597
5888008
Population rank 25/197 115/197
GDP
$2.37T
2024
$20.1B
2023
GDP rank 8/197 128/197
GDP per capita
$40,226
2024
$3,478
2023
GDP per capita rank 29/197 135/197
GDP per capita, PPP
$60,847
2024
$12,575
2023
Government debt
$3.21T
2024
$38.6B
2023
Debt-to-GDP ratio
137.3%
2025
149.1%
2025
Government debt per person
$54,420
2024
$6,680
2023
Government debt per person rank 6/185 70/185
Average annual personal income after taxes
$23,309
2025
$3,779
2025
Land area
114,178 sq mi
2025
3,950 sq mi
2025
Population density
517 ppl/mi²
2024
1,470 ppl/mi²
2024
Fertility rate
1.2
2023
2.24
2023
Median age
48.8 years
2024
29.6 years
2024
Life expectancy
84 years
2025
78.1 years
2025

Italy and Lebanon: Comparison Charts

Italy and Lebanon economies compared

GDP
Italy

Lebanon
Year GDP
Italy Lebanon
1960 $42,012,422,612 -
1961 $46,649,487,320 -
1962 $52,413,872,628 -
1963 $60,035,924,618 -
1964 $65,720,771,779 -
1965 $70,717,012,186 -
1966 $76,622,444,787 -
1967 $84,401,995,573 -
1968 $91,485,448,148 -
1969 $100,996,667,239 -
1970 $113,656,669,765 -
1971 $124,959,712,859 -
1972 $145,594,833,997 -
1973 $175,896,529,392 -
1974 $200,024,444,775 -
1975 $228,220,643,535 -
1976 $225,235,205,862 -
1977 $258,190,019,750 -
1978 $315,784,469,541 -
1979 $394,584,507,108 -
1980 $478,356,755,596 -
1981 $431,695,533,981 -
1982 $428,257,421,618 -
1983 $444,063,496,940 -
1984 $438,896,930,791 -
1985 $453,259,761,687 -
1986 $641,862,313,287 -
1987 $807,570,134,449 -
1988 $893,663,934,841 $3,313,540,068
1989 $930,801,709,004 $2,717,998,688
1990 $1,183,945,130,899 $2,838,485,354
1991 $1,249,092,439,519 $4,690,415,093
1992 $1,323,204,350,354 $5,843,579,161
1993 $1,067,412,587,671 $7,941,744,492
1994 $1,101,750,159,702 $9,599,127,050
1995 $1,177,369,428,266 $11,718,795,529
1996 $1,314,776,508,972 $13,690,217,334
1997 $1,244,988,176,444 $15,751,867,489
1998 $1,272,729,786,997 $17,247,179,006
1999 $1,255,004,736,464 $17,391,056,369
2000 $1,149,661,363,439 $17,260,364,842
2001 $1,172,041,488,806 $17,649,751,244
2002 $1,281,746,271,196 $19,152,238,806
2003 $1,582,930,016,539 $20,082,918,740
2004 $1,812,808,753,295 $21,159,827,992
2005 $1,864,982,261,287 $21,497,336,499
2006 $1,958,563,654,386 $22,022,709,851
2007 $2,222,524,108,128 $24,827,355,015
2008 $2,417,508,414,187 $29,118,916,105
2009 $2,209,484,319,013 $35,399,582,929
2010 $2,144,936,254,535 $38,443,907,042
2011 $2,306,974,020,278 $39,927,125,962
2012 $2,097,929,495,122 $44,016,799,516
2013 $2,153,225,581,941 $46,880,103,081
2014 $2,173,255,507,986 $48,095,213,747
2015 $1,845,428,048,839 $49,929,337,837
2016 $1,887,111,188,177 $51,147,308,774
2017 $1,970,720,904,585 $53,027,680,686
2018 $2,099,435,266,459 $54,901,519,156
2019 $2,019,606,796,584 $51,605,959,131
2020 $1,907,481,094,079 $31,712,128,254
2021 $2,179,207,773,596 $23,131,941,557
2022 $2,104,067,630,319 $20,992,421,949
2023 $2,304,605,139,863 $20,078,620,357
2024 $2,372,774,547,793 -

Italy and Lebanon economies compared

GDP per capita
Italy

Lebanon
Year GDP per capita
Italy Lebanon
1960 $837 -
1961 $923 -
1962 $1,030 -
1963 $1,171 -
1964 $1,272 -
1965 $1,357 -
1966 $1,459 -
1967 $1,595 -
1968 $1,718 -
1969 $1,886 -
1970 $2,112 -
1971 $2,311 -
1972 $2,677 -
1973 $3,213 -
1974 $3,629 -
1975 $4,116 -
1976 $4,042 -
1977 $4,614 -
1978 $5,623 -
1979 $7,006 -
1980 $8,476 -
1981 $7,640 -
1982 $7,574 -
1983 $7,851 -
1984 $7,758 -
1985 $8,009 -
1986 $11,341 -
1987 $14,268 -
1988 $15,781 $959
1989 $16,424 $771
1990 $20,874 $790
1991 $22,007 $1,278
1992 $23,297 $1,559
1993 $18,782 $2,079
1994 $19,382 $2,468
1995 $20,712 $2,959
1996 $23,123 $3,393
1997 $21,884 $3,834
1998 $22,365 $4,125
1999 $22,050 $4,087
2000 $20,190 $3,987
2001 $20,570 $4,010
2002 $22,451 $4,291
2003 $27,578 $4,438
2004 $31,348 $4,601
2005 $32,063 $4,602
2006 $33,537 $4,635
2007 $37,826 $5,125
2008 $40,829 $5,912
2009 $37,100 $7,091
2010 $35,857 $7,626
2011 $38,432 $7,835
2012 $34,854 $8,407
2013 $35,702 $8,162
2014 $36,028 $7,578
2015 $30,640 $7,714
2016 $31,392 $8,089
2017 $32,844 $8,608
2018 $34,904 $9,175
2019 $33,813 $8,906
2020 $32,091 $5,561
2021 $36,853 $4,045
2022 $35,654 $3,654
2023 $39,065 $3,478
2024 $40,226 -

Italy vs. Lebanon life expectancy calculator

Life expectancy
Italy

Lebanon
Year Life expectancy, years
Italy Lebanon
1950 65.7 59.9
1951 65.3 60.3
1952 65.9 60.8
1953 66.6 61.2
1954 67.9 61.6
1955 68.3 61.5
1956 67.6 62.2
1957 67.8 62.8
1958 68.9 61.2
1959 69.3 63.6
1960 69.2 63.9
1961 69.8 64.3
1962 69.2 64.6
1963 69.3 64.9
1964 70.4 65.1
1965 70.3 65.3
1966 71 65.5
1967 71 65.7
1968 70.9 65.8
1969 70.9 65.9
1970 71.6 66
1971 71.9 66.1
1972 72.1 66.2
1973 72.1 66.3
1974 72.8 66.4
1975 72.7 57.7
1976 73.1 36.4
1977 73.4 60.3
1978 73.8 60
1979 74.1 59.6
1980 74.1 59.9
1981 74.4 60.3
1982 74.9 47.2
1983 74.7 60.8
1984 75.5 61.2
1985 75.6 61.6
1986 75.9 62
1987 76.3 62.5
1988 76.5 62.9
1989 76.9 65.1
1990 77 65.5
1991 77 70.9
1992 77.4 71.2
1993 77.7 71.6
1994 77.9 72
1995 78.1 72.4
1996 78.4 72.6
1997 78.7 72.9
1998 78.8 73.2
1999 79.2 73.5
2000 79.6 73.9
2001 79.9 74.4
2002 80.1 74.8
2003 80.2 75.3
2004 81 75.7
2005 81 76.1
2006 81.4 75.7
2007 81.5 76.7
2008 81.6 77
2009 81.8 77.3
2010 82.1 77.5
2011 82.2 77.8
2012 82.3 77.9
2013 82.7 78
2014 82.9 78.1
2015 82.5 78.3
2016 83 78.3
2017 82.7 78.2
2018 83.2 78.3
2019 83.3 78.2
2020 82.2 76.3
2021 82.9 73.6
2022 82.1 78
2023 83.7 77.8
2024 83.9 77.9
2025 84 78.1

Italy and Lebanon population clocks and comparison

Population
Italy

Lebanon
Year Population
Italy Lebanon
1960 50,199,700 1,794,406
1961 50,536,350 1,850,084
1962 50,879,450 1,909,578
1963 51,252,000 1,970,316
1964 51,675,350 2,030,543
1965 52,112,350 2,088,831
1966 52,519,000 2,148,260
1967 52,900,500 2,206,731
1968 53,235,750 2,266,368
1969 53,537,950 2,328,159
1970 53,821,850 2,386,114
1971 54,073,490 2,446,314
1972 54,381,345 2,509,729
1973 54,751,406 2,572,935
1974 55,110,868 2,635,185
1975 55,441,001 2,693,191
1976 55,718,260 2,726,469
1977 55,955,411 2,762,155
1978 56,155,143 2,822,682
1979 56,317,749 2,882,635
1980 56,433,883 2,944,763
1981 56,501,675 3,008,981
1982 56,543,548 3,054,931
1983 56,564,074 3,094,996
1984 56,576,718 3,152,744
1985 56,593,071 3,217,376
1986 56,596,155 3,300,365
1987 56,601,931 3,385,555
1988 56,629,288 3,454,649
1989 56,671,781 3,525,285
1990 56,719,240 3,595,175
1991 56,758,521 3,668,912
1992 56,797,087 3,747,371
1993 56,831,821 3,820,647
1994 56,843,400 3,889,799
1995 56,844,303 3,960,735
1996 56,860,281 4,034,781
1997 56,890,372 4,108,405
1998 56,906,744 4,181,281
1999 56,916,317 4,255,277
2000 56,942,108 4,329,340
2001 56,976,981 4,401,918
2002 57,089,824 4,463,504
2003 57,399,184 4,525,508
2004 57,828,179 4,599,279
2005 58,166,682 4,671,102
2006 58,399,861 4,751,136
2007 58,756,247 4,844,118
2008 59,211,181 4,925,354
2009 59,555,454 4,992,287
2010 59,819,407 5,041,288
2011 60,026,841 5,096,020
2012 60,191,247 5,235,742
2013 60,311,613 5,743,436
2014 60,320,707 6,346,990
2015 60,229,605 6,472,469
2016 60,115,223 6,323,060
2017 60,002,252 6,160,128
2018 60,148,658 5,984,119
2019 59,729,081 5,794,594
2020 59,438,851 5,702,398
2021 59,133,173 5,718,122
2022 59,013,667 5,744,489
2023 58,993,475 5,773,493
2024 58,986,023 5,805,962

Fertility rates in Italy and Lebanon

Fertility rate
Italy

Lebanon
Year Fertility rate
Italy Lebanon
1960 2.4 5.88
1961 2.44 5.89
1962 2.46 5.9
1963 2.51 5.91
1964 2.66 5.85
1965 2.6 5.77
1966 2.58 5.68
1967 2.5 5.57
1968 2.46 5.45
1969 2.47 5.32
1970 2.38 5.19
1971 2.4 5.05
1972 2.35 4.91
1973 2.3 4.79
1974 2.28 4.65
1975 2.17 4.52
1976 2.04 4.39
1977 1.93 4.28
1978 1.84 4.18
1979 1.73 4.08
1980 1.64 4.01
1981 1.58 3.95
1982 1.56 3.86
1983 1.51 3.73
1984 1.46 3.66
1985 1.42 3.53
1986 1.35 3.47
1987 1.33 3.42
1988 1.36 3.39
1989 1.33 3.36
1990 1.33 3.27
1991 1.3 3.16
1992 1.3 3.05
1993 1.25 2.94
1994 1.21 2.82
1995 1.19 2.73
1996 1.2 2.7
1997 1.22 2.67
1998 1.22 2.65
1999 1.23 2.63
2000 1.26 2.6
2001 1.25 2.58
2002 1.27 2.52
2003 1.29 2.46
2004 1.34 2.38
2005 1.33 2.29
2006 1.37 2.24
2007 1.39 2.2
2008 1.44 2.17
2009 1.44 2.19
2010 1.44 2.26
2011 1.42 2.32
2012 1.42 2.35
2013 1.39 2.36
2014 1.38 2.38
2015 1.36 2.38
2016 1.36 2.39
2017 1.34 2.37
2018 1.31 2.35
2019 1.27 2.33
2020 1.24 2.31
2021 1.25 2.28
2022 1.24 2.26
2023 1.2 2.24

Italy and Lebanon demographics compared

Median age
Italy

Lebanon
Year Median age, years
Italy Lebanon
1960 31.6 19.9
1961 31.8 19.5
1962 32 19.1
1963 32.1 18.7
1964 32.2 18.4
1965 32.3 18.2
1966 32.4 18.1
1967 32.5 18
1968 32.7 18
1969 32.8 18.1
1970 33 18.2
1971 33.1 18.3
1972 33.2 18.5
1973 33.3 18.7
1974 33.4 18.9
1975 33.5 19
1976 33.6 19.1
1977 33.7 19.2
1978 33.9 19.4
1979 34 19.6
1980 34.1 19.8
1981 34.3 19.9
1982 34.6 20.1
1983 34.9 20.3
1984 35.3 20.5
1985 35.6 20.7
1986 35.8 20.8
1987 36.1 21
1988 36.4 21.2
1989 36.8 21.4
1990 37.1 21.6
1991 37.5 21.8
1992 37.9 22
1993 38.2 22.3
1994 38.6 22.5
1995 38.9 22.8
1996 39.1 23.1
1997 39.4 23.4
1998 39.6 23.7
1999 39.9 24
2000 40.3 24.3
2001 40.6 24.6
2002 41 24.9
2003 41.3 25.2
2004 41.6 25.6
2005 41.9 26
2006 42.3 26.3
2007 42.6 26.7
2008 42.8 27.1
2009 43.1 27.5
2010 43.5 27.9
2011 43.9 28.2
2012 44.2 28.6
2013 44.6 28.9
2014 45 29.2
2015 45.4 29.4
2016 45.8 29.5
2017 46.2 29.4
2018 46.6 29.3
2019 47 29
2020 47.4 28.9
2021 47.7 29
2022 48.1 29.2
2023 48.4 29.4
2024 48.8 29.6

Interactive Maps

Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Italy and Lebanon.

GDP per capita

GDP

Life expectancy

Population

Population density

Fertility rate

Median age

Land area

National statistics comparison

Finance

Italy Lebanon
GNI, Atlas method
$2.26T
2024
$21.6B
2023
Government expenditure, % of GDP
50.8%
2025
18.3%
2025
Education expenditure, % of GDP
4.07%
2022
1.22%
2024
Military expenditure, % of GDP
1.61%
2023
8.91%
2023
Armed forces personnel
338,000
2020
80,000
2020
Deficit/surplus, % of GDP
-3.26%
2025
+0.01%
2025
Unemployment rate
6.5%
2024
11.3%
2019
Services, % of GDP
65.6%
2024
42.4%
2023
Industry, % of GDP
21.7%
2024
2.09%
2023
Economic freedom index
60.9
2025
44.1
2025
Income share by richest 10%
25.8%
2023
25.1%
2022
Income share by poorest 10%
2.3%
2023
2.8%
2022
Number of millionaires
1,338,142
2024
n/a
Percentage of millionaires
2.73%
2024
n/a
Number of billionaires
74
2025
6
2025
Percentage of billionaires
0.0002%
2025
0.0002%
2025
Listed domestic companies
290
2014
10
2021
Market capitalization of domestic companies
$587B
2014
$10.6B
2021
Total reserves including gold
$291B
2024
$33.3B
2024
Personal remittances received
$11.2B
2024
$5.8B
2024
International tourist arrivals
38,419,000
2020
1,936,000
2019
International tourism as share of exports
3.65%
2020
27%
2020
Banked people share
86%
2024
23%
2024

Energy

Italy Lebanon
Energy use, kg of oil equivalent per capita
2,298 kg
2023
617 kg
2022
GDP PPP per kg equivalent of energy use
$25.2
2023
$19.9
2022
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
305 megatons
2023
17.3 megatons
2023
CO2 emissions per capita
5.18 tons
2023
3 tons
2023
Fossil fuel energy use share
76.8%
2023
89.2%
2022
Renewable energy use share
17.5%
2021
6.8%
2021
Alternative and nuclear energy use share
9.95%
2023
6.6%
2022
Net energy imports use share
79.6%
2023
96.9%
2022
Electric power consumption per capita
5,047 kWh
2023
681 kWh
2022
Renewable electricity output share
41%
2021
5.07%
2021
Hydroelectric share
15.9%
2023
16%
2022
Nuclear share
0%
2021
0%
2021
Electricity access
100%
2023
100%
2023

Society

Italy Lebanon
% of world population
0.72%
2024
0.07%
2024
Annual migration change
+95,246
2024
-17,267
2024
Urban population
72.3%
2024
89.6%
2024
Male:Female ratio
50:50
2024
50:50
2024
Average male height
5.72 ft
2025
5.87 ft
2025
Average female height
5.31 ft
2025
5.37 ft
2025
Quality of life index
79.6
2025
49.8
2025
Corruption Perceptions Index
54
2024
22
2024
Higher education index
91
2025
74
2025
Homicides per 100K people
0.55
2022
2.26
2020
Road traffic mortality per 100K people
5.3
2019
16.4
2019
Visa free countries
175
2025
58
2025
Adult literacy rate
99.3%
2019
92%
2019
English speaking
13.6%
2023
40%
2023
People using the Internet
89.2%
2024
83.5%
2023

Health

Italy Lebanon
Government health expenditure per capita
$3,228
2023
$392
2022
Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita
$745
2023
$131.1
2022
Life expectancy
84 years
2025
78.1 years
2025
Foreign aid share of health expenditure n/a
7.3%
2022
Physicians per 1,000 people
4.25
2022
2.62
2019
Age at first childbirth
31.8 years
2023
n/a
Maternal mortality per 100K births
6
2023
15
2023
Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age, per 1,000 live births
2.8
2023
18.3
2023
Obesity rate
17.8%
2022
30.7%
2022
Diabetes prevalence
7.7%
2024
12.3%
2024
Air quality index
61
2025
47
2025
Tobacco use prevalence
22.4%
2022
34.3%
2022
Pure alcohol consumption per capita
6.97 liters
2020
1.26 liters
2020

Territory

Italy Lebanon
% of world land
0.2%
2025
0.007%
2025
Land area per capita
1,936 sq mi
2024
680 sq mi
2024
Agricultural land area
50,531 sq mi
2025
2,603 sq mi
2025
Forest area
37,558 sq mi
2025
560 sq mi
2025
Roads length
303,043 mi
2007
13,487 mi
2017

In-depth comparisons

Facts comparisons

Facts vs Italy vs Lebanon
Afghanistan Compare Compare
Albania Compare Compare
Algeria Compare Compare
Andorra Compare Compare
Angola Compare Compare
Antigua Compare Compare
Argentina Compare Compare
Armenia Compare Compare
Australia Compare Compare
Austria Compare Compare
Azerbaijan Compare Compare
Bahamas Compare Compare
Bahrain Compare Compare
Bangladesh Compare Compare
Barbados Compare Compare
Belarus Compare Compare
Belgium Compare Compare
Belize Compare Compare
Benin Compare Compare
Bhutan Compare Compare
Bolivia Compare Compare
Bosnia Compare Compare
Botswana Compare Compare
Brazil Compare Compare
Brunei Compare Compare
Bulgaria Compare Compare
Burkina Faso Compare Compare
Burundi Compare Compare
Cambodia Compare Compare
Cameroon Compare Compare
Canada Compare Compare
Cape Verde Compare Compare
Cayman Islands Compare Compare
CAR Compare Compare
Chad Compare Compare
Chile Compare Compare
China Compare Compare
Colombia Compare Compare
Comoros Compare Compare
Congo Compare Compare
Costa Rica Compare Compare
Croatia Compare Compare
Cuba Compare Compare
Curacao Compare Compare
Cyprus Compare Compare
Czech Republic Compare Compare
DR Congo Compare Compare
Denmark Compare Compare
Djibouti Compare Compare
Dominica Compare Compare
Dominican Republic Compare Compare
East Timor Compare Compare
Ecuador Compare Compare
Egypt Compare Compare
El Salvador Compare Compare
Equatorial Guinea Compare Compare
Eritrea Compare Compare
Estonia Compare Compare
Eswatini Compare Compare
Ethiopia Compare Compare
Fiji Compare Compare
Finland Compare Compare
France Compare Compare
Gabon Compare Compare
Gambia Compare Compare
Georgia Compare Compare
Germany Compare Compare
Ghana Compare Compare
Greece Compare Compare
Grenada Compare Compare
Guatemala Compare Compare
Guinea Compare Compare
Guinea-Bissau Compare Compare
Guyana Compare Compare
Haiti Compare Compare
Honduras Compare Compare
Hungary Compare Compare
Iceland Compare Compare
India Compare Compare
Indonesia Compare Compare
Iran Compare Compare
Iraq Compare Compare
Ireland Compare Compare
Israel Compare Compare
Ivory Coast Compare Compare
Jamaica Compare Compare
Japan Compare Compare
Jordan Compare Compare
Kazakhstan Compare Compare
Kenya Compare Compare
Kiribati Compare Compare
Kuwait Compare Compare
Kyrgyzstan Compare Compare
Laos Compare Compare
Latvia Compare Compare
Lesotho Compare Compare
Liberia Compare Compare
Libya Compare Compare
Liechtenstein Compare Compare
Lithuania Compare Compare
Luxembourg Compare Compare
Madagascar Compare Compare
Malawi Compare Compare
Malaysia Compare Compare
Maldives Compare Compare
Mali Compare Compare
Malta Compare Compare
Marshall Islands Compare Compare
Mauritania Compare Compare
Mauritius Compare Compare
Mexico Compare Compare
Moldova Compare Compare
Monaco Compare Compare
Mongolia Compare Compare
Montenegro Compare Compare
Morocco Compare Compare
Mozambique Compare Compare
Myanmar Compare Compare
Namibia Compare Compare
Nauru Compare Compare
Nepal Compare Compare
Netherlands Compare Compare
New Zealand Compare Compare
Nicaragua Compare Compare
Niger Compare Compare
Nigeria Compare Compare
North Korea Compare Compare
North Macedonia Compare Compare
Norway Compare Compare
Oman Compare Compare
Pakistan Compare Compare
Palau Compare Compare
Palestine Compare Compare
Panama Compare Compare
Papua New Guinea Compare Compare
Paraguay Compare Compare
Peru Compare Compare
Philippines Compare Compare
Poland Compare Compare
Portugal Compare Compare
Qatar Compare Compare
Romania Compare Compare
Russia Compare Compare
Rwanda Compare Compare
Saint Kitts Compare Compare
Saint Lucia Compare Compare
Saint Vincent Compare Compare
Samoa Compare Compare
San Marino Compare Compare
Sao Tome Compare Compare
Saudi Arabia Compare Compare
Senegal Compare Compare
Serbia Compare Compare
Seychelles Compare Compare
Sierra Leone Compare Compare
Singapore Compare Compare
Slovakia Compare Compare
Slovenia Compare Compare
Solomon Islands Compare Compare
Somalia Compare Compare
South Africa Compare Compare
South Korea Compare Compare
South Sudan Compare Compare
Spain Compare Compare
Sri Lanka Compare Compare
Sudan Compare Compare
Suriname Compare Compare
Sweden Compare Compare
Switzerland Compare Compare
Syria Compare Compare
Taiwan Compare Compare
Tajikistan Compare Compare
Tanzania Compare Compare
Thailand Compare Compare
Togo Compare Compare
Tonga Compare Compare
Trinidad Compare Compare
Tunisia Compare Compare
Turkey Compare Compare
Turkmenistan Compare Compare
Tuvalu Compare Compare
Uganda Compare Compare
Ukraine Compare Compare
UAE Compare Compare
United Kingdom Compare Compare
United States Compare Compare
Uruguay Compare Compare
Uzbekistan Compare Compare
Vanuatu Compare Compare
Vatican Compare Compare
Venezuela Compare Compare
Vietnam Compare Compare
Yemen Compare Compare
Zambia Compare Compare
Zimbabwe Compare Compare