The latest officially reported population of South Sudan was 12,188,788 in 2025 vs 8,591,626 people in Togo in 2025. In 2026, based on the adjusted UN estimation, the current South Sudan's population is 12,565,048 people compared to 8,873,660 in Togo.
Population statistics:
- South Sudan's population is 1.42 times bigger than Togo's.
- South Sudan is ranked the 80th most populous country in the world, while Togo is the 102nd.
- The countries together account for 0.26% of the world: 0.15% for South Sudan vs 0.11% for Togo.
- For the last 10 years, South Sudan has had an average growth rate of +0.78% per year vs +1.96% in Togo.
- Since 2006, the population of South Sudan has increased from 7.98M people to 12.6M (57.5% growth), while Togo has grown from 5.57M to 8.87M (59.3% growth).
South Sudan vs Togo: population by year and forecast
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
South Sudan
|
Togo
|
|
| 2100 | 24,078,379 | 23,426,426 |
| 2099 | 24,072,957 | 23,284,304 |
| 2098 | 24,054,947 | 23,142,242 |
| 2097 | 24,056,753 | 22,996,845 |
| 2096 | 24,045,972 | 22,848,978 |
| 2095 | 24,037,837 | 22,702,297 |
| 2094 | 24,039,267 | 22,543,427 |
| 2093 | 24,030,512 | 22,395,941 |
| 2092 | 24,010,555 | 22,243,621 |
| 2091 | 23,991,816 | 22,083,590 |
| 2090 | 23,970,012 | 21,924,631 |
| 2089 | 23,929,017 | 21,761,057 |
| 2088 | 23,883,712 | 21,592,941 |
| 2087 | 23,848,809 | 21,431,785 |
| 2086 | 23,794,890 | 21,252,236 |
| 2085 | 23,750,772 | 21,073,697 |
| 2084 | 23,678,728 | 20,894,251 |
| 2083 | 23,609,290 | 20,708,859 |
| 2082 | 23,532,790 | 20,520,204 |
| 2081 | 23,458,146 | 20,325,061 |
| 2080 | 23,383,482 | 20,126,833 |
| 2079 | 23,286,011 | 19,927,036 |
| 2078 | 23,188,860 | 19,738,820 |
| 2077 | 23,078,416 | 19,547,568 |
| 2076 | 22,979,198 | 19,348,296 |
| 2075 | 22,860,496 | 19,141,211 |
| 2074 | 22,718,148 | 18,936,045 |
| 2073 | 22,575,682 | 18,729,441 |
| 2072 | 22,431,004 | 18,525,904 |
| 2071 | 22,280,140 | 18,321,024 |
| 2070 | 22,143,813 | 18,116,069 |
| 2069 | 21,995,874 | 17,905,429 |
| 2068 | 21,822,076 | 17,689,344 |
| 2067 | 21,654,546 | 17,477,786 |
| 2066 | 21,489,275 | 17,262,406 |
| 2065 | 21,309,913 | 17,049,758 |
| 2064 | 21,134,522 | 16,836,991 |
| 2063 | 20,957,705 | 16,618,806 |
| 2062 | 20,777,701 | 16,404,475 |
| 2061 | 20,601,672 | 16,190,814 |
| 2060 | 20,423,629 | 15,976,939 |
| 2059 | 20,227,862 | 15,767,690 |
| 2058 | 20,041,880 | 15,556,151 |
| 2057 | 19,846,671 | 15,341,629 |
| 2056 | 19,652,407 | 15,125,918 |
| 2055 | 19,457,411 | 14,903,207 |
| 2054 | 19,250,667 | 14,687,272 |
| 2053 | 19,053,773 | 14,471,467 |
| 2052 | 18,833,795 | 14,253,335 |
| 2051 | 18,626,605 | 14,030,311 |
| 2050 | 18,427,690 | 13,812,790 |
| 2049 | 18,224,430 | 13,588,431 |
| 2048 | 18,014,650 | 13,367,245 |
| 2047 | 17,799,982 | 13,148,252 |
| 2046 | 17,572,953 | 12,927,000 |
| 2045 | 17,348,901 | 12,705,654 |
| 2044 | 17,115,914 | 12,484,181 |
| 2043 | 16,882,303 | 12,261,788 |
| 2042 | 16,639,465 | 12,044,285 |
| 2041 | 16,390,966 | 11,827,268 |
| 2040 | 16,137,104 | 11,614,781 |
| 2039 | 15,884,330 | 11,398,360 |
| 2038 | 15,622,514 | 11,185,757 |
| 2037 | 15,358,539 | 10,975,322 |
| 2036 | 15,085,936 | 10,767,990 |
| 2035 | 14,810,066 | 10,559,369 |
| 2034 | 14,538,365 | 10,353,764 |
| 2033 | 14,273,128 | 10,148,738 |
| 2032 | 14,002,178 | 9,944,247 |
| 2031 | 13,725,779 | 9,741,001 |
| 2030 | 13,460,850 | 9,541,309 |
| 2029 | 13,201,804 | 9,347,000 |
| 2028 | 12,942,501 | 9,155,475 |
| 2027 | 12,688,278 | 8,965,572 |
| 2026 | 12,434,895 | 8,776,585 |
| 2025 | 12,188,788 | 8,591,626 |
| 2024 | 11,943,408 | 8,406,558 |
| 2023 | 11,483,374 | 8,223,850 |
| 2022 | 11,021,177 | 8,068,616 |
| 2021 | 10,865,780 | 7,936,176 |
| 2020 | 10,698,467 | 7,788,054 |
| 2019 | 10,423,384 | 7,619,925 |
| 2018 | 10,122,977 | 7,458,206 |
| 2017 | 10,259,154 | 7,324,386 |
| 2016 | 10,830,102 | 7,200,884 |
| 2015 | 11,107,561 | 7,071,502 |
| 2014 | 11,235,073 | 6,937,644 |
| 2013 | 11,166,275 | 6,798,848 |
| 2012 | 10,756,240 | 6,653,718 |
| 2011 | 10,288,109 | 6,500,582 |
| 2010 | 9,745,953 | 6,325,788 |
| 2009 | 9,243,556 | 6,130,946 |
| 2008 | 8,817,647 | 5,936,138 |
| 2007 | 8,388,788 | 5,748,443 |
| 2006 | 7,976,526 | 5,569,664 |
| 2005 | 7,590,143 | 5,413,154 |
| 2004 | 7,233,041 | 5,281,320 |
| 2003 | 6,903,127 | 5,154,112 |
| 2002 | 6,596,806 | 5,027,130 |
| 2001 | 6,308,391 | 4,904,144 |
| 2000 | 6,032,267 | 4,783,722 |
| 1999 | 5,771,628 | 4,665,754 |
| 1998 | 5,620,068 | 4,551,635 |
| 1997 | 5,509,136 | 4,438,794 |
| 1996 | 5,356,925 | 4,291,136 |
| 1995 | 5,225,836 | 4,110,450 |
| 1994 | 5,071,184 | 3,904,183 |
| 1993 | 4,956,002 | 3,887,974 |
| 1992 | 4,909,749 | 3,932,581 |
| 1991 | 4,836,677 | 3,822,636 |
| 1990 | 4,737,633 | 3,714,021 |
| 1989 | 4,713,229 | 3,606,918 |
| 1988 | 4,848,029 | 3,501,545 |
| 1987 | 4,962,395 | 3,397,614 |
| 1986 | 4,921,240 | 3,296,340 |
| 1985 | 4,834,296 | 3,194,539 |
| 1984 | 4,750,627 | 3,105,743 |
| 1983 | 4,661,574 | 3,033,077 |
| 1982 | 4,557,686 | 2,961,652 |
| 1981 | 4,447,272 | 2,879,440 |
| 1980 | 4,339,030 | 2,791,408 |
| 1979 | 4,232,605 | 2,714,349 |
| 1978 | 4,127,657 | 2,646,501 |
| 1977 | 4,024,032 | 2,583,984 |
| 1976 | 3,921,910 | 2,523,488 |
| 1975 | 3,821,494 | 2,463,796 |
| 1974 | 3,723,259 | 2,404,292 |
| 1973 | 3,627,383 | 2,344,510 |
| 1972 | 3,542,497 | 2,283,863 |
| 1971 | 3,468,646 | 2,219,826 |
| 1970 | 3,409,614 | 2,149,478 |
| 1969 | 3,365,533 | 2,043,416 |
| 1968 | 3,321,528 | 1,953,523 |
| 1967 | 3,277,648 | 1,912,764 |
| 1966 | 3,236,423 | 1,873,489 |
| 1965 | 3,189,835 | 1,835,588 |
| 1964 | 3,129,918 | 1,799,410 |
| 1963 | 3,072,669 | 1,765,072 |
| 1962 | 3,024,308 | 1,732,959 |
| 1961 | 2,976,724 | 1,702,717 |
| 1960 | 2,931,559 | 1,673,110 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/togo | CC BY 
From 2006 to 2016, the population of South Sudan increased by 2,853,576 people (a 35.8% growth), while Togo gained 1,631,220 people (a 29.3% growth).
For the next 10 years, from 2016 to 2026, South Sudan gained 1,734,946 people (a 16% growth), while Togo's population increased by 1,672,776 people (a 23.2% growth).
South Sudan was ranked 92nd most populous country in 2006 and is 80th in 2026. Togo was ranked 106th in 2006 and ranked 102nd now.
The UN's World Population Prospects forecasts that in 24 years (in 2050) South Sudan's population will grow by 46.7% to 18,427,690 people with a rank change from 80th to 78th. The population of Togo will increase by 55.7% to 13,812,790 people and rank change from 102nd to 88th.
South Sudan is projected to reach its peak in 2100 at 24.1M people compared to the peak of 23.4M people in 2100 for Togo.
Population growth rate by year
| Year | Growth rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
South Sudan
|
Togo
|
|
| 2100 | 0.02% | 0.61% |
| 2099 | 0.07% | 0.61% |
| 2098 | -0.008% | 0.63% |
| 2097 | 0.04% | 0.65% |
| 2096 | 0.03% | 0.65% |
| 2095 | -0.006% | 0.7% |
| 2094 | 0.04% | 0.66% |
| 2093 | 0.08% | 0.68% |
| 2092 | 0.08% | 0.72% |
| 2091 | 0.09% | 0.73% |
| 2090 | 0.17% | 0.75% |
| 2089 | 0.19% | 0.78% |
| 2088 | 0.15% | 0.75% |
| 2087 | 0.23% | 0.84% |
| 2086 | 0.19% | 0.85% |
| 2085 | 0.3% | 0.86% |
| 2084 | 0.29% | 0.9% |
| 2083 | 0.33% | 0.92% |
| 2082 | 0.32% | 0.96% |
| 2081 | 0.32% | 0.98% |
| 2080 | 0.42% | 1% |
| 2079 | 0.42% | 0.95% |
| 2078 | 0.48% | 0.98% |
| 2077 | 0.43% | 1.03% |
| 2076 | 0.52% | 1.08% |
| 2075 | 0.63% | 1.08% |
| 2074 | 0.63% | 1.1% |
| 2073 | 0.64% | 1.1% |
| 2072 | 0.68% | 1.12% |
| 2071 | 0.62% | 1.13% |
| 2070 | 0.67% | 1.18% |
| 2069 | 0.8% | 1.22% |
| 2068 | 0.77% | 1.21% |
| 2067 | 0.77% | 1.25% |
| 2066 | 0.84% | 1.25% |
| 2065 | 0.83% | 1.26% |
| 2064 | 0.84% | 1.31% |
| 2063 | 0.87% | 1.31% |
| 2062 | 0.85% | 1.32% |
| 2061 | 0.87% | 1.34% |
| 2060 | 0.97% | 1.33% |
| 2059 | 0.93% | 1.36% |
| 2058 | 0.98% | 1.4% |
| 2057 | 0.99% | 1.43% |
| 2056 | 1% | 1.49% |
| 2055 | 1.07% | 1.47% |
| 2054 | 1.03% | 1.49% |
| 2053 | 1.17% | 1.53% |
| 2052 | 1.11% | 1.59% |
| 2051 | 1.08% | 1.57% |
| 2050 | 1.12% | 1.65% |
| 2049 | 1.16% | 1.65% |
| 2048 | 1.21% | 1.67% |
| 2047 | 1.29% | 1.71% |
| 2046 | 1.29% | 1.74% |
| 2045 | 1.36% | 1.77% |
| 2044 | 1.38% | 1.81% |
| 2043 | 1.46% | 1.81% |
| 2042 | 1.52% | 1.83% |
| 2041 | 1.57% | 1.83% |
| 2040 | 1.59% | 1.9% |
| 2039 | 1.68% | 1.9% |
| 2038 | 1.72% | 1.92% |
| 2037 | 1.81% | 1.93% |
| 2036 | 1.86% | 1.98% |
| 2035 | 1.87% | 1.99% |
| 2034 | 1.86% | 2.02% |
| 2033 | 1.94% | 2.06% |
| 2032 | 2.01% | 2.09% |
| 2031 | 1.97% | 2.09% |
| 2030 | 1.96% | 2.08% |
| 2029 | 2% | 2.09% |
| 2028 | 2% | 2.12% |
| 2027 | 2.04% | 2.15% |
| 2026 | 2.02% | 2.15% |
| 2025 | 2.05% | 2.2% |
| 2024 | 4.01% | 2.22% |
| 2023 | 4.19% | 1.92% |
| 2022 | 1.43% | 1.67% |
| 2021 | 1.56% | 1.9% |
| 2020 | 2.64% | 2.21% |
| 2019 | 2.97% | 2.17% |
| 2018 | -1.33% | 1.83% |
| 2017 | -5.27% | 1.72% |
| 2016 | -2.5% | 1.83% |
| 2015 | -1.13% | 1.93% |
| 2014 | 0.62% | 2.04% |
| 2013 | 3.81% | 2.18% |
| 2012 | 4.55% | 2.36% |
| 2011 | 5.56% | 2.76% |
| 2010 | 5.44% | 3.18% |
| 2009 | 4.83% | 3.28% |
| 2008 | 5.11% | 3.27% |
| 2007 | 5.17% | 3.21% |
| 2006 | 5.09% | 2.89% |
| 2005 | 4.94% | 2.5% |
| 2004 | 4.78% | 2.47% |
| 2003 | 4.64% | 2.53% |
| 2002 | 4.57% | 2.51% |
| 2001 | 4.58% | 2.52% |
| 2000 | 4.52% | 2.53% |
| 1999 | 2.7% | 2.51% |
| 1998 | 2.01% | 2.54% |
| 1997 | 2.84% | 3.44% |
| 1996 | 2.51% | 4.4% |
| 1995 | 3.05% | 5.28% |
| 1994 | 2.32% | 0.42% |
| 1993 | 0.94% | -1.13% |
| 1992 | 1.51% | 2.88% |
| 1991 | 2.09% | 2.92% |
| 1990 | 0.52% | 2.97% |
| 1989 | -2.78% | 3.01% |
| 1988 | -2.3% | 3.06% |
| 1987 | 0.84% | 3.07% |
| 1986 | 1.8% | 3.19% |
| 1985 | 1.76% | 2.86% |
| 1984 | 1.91% | 2.4% |
| 1983 | 2.28% | 2.41% |
| 1982 | 2.48% | 2.86% |
| 1981 | 2.49% | 3.15% |
| 1980 | 2.51% | 2.84% |
| 1979 | 2.54% | 2.56% |
| 1978 | 2.58% | 2.42% |
| 1977 | 2.6% | 2.4% |
| 1976 | 2.63% | 2.42% |
| 1975 | 2.64% | 2.47% |
| 1974 | 2.64% | 2.55% |
| 1973 | 2.4% | 2.66% |
| 1972 | 2.13% | 2.88% |
| 1971 | 1.73% | 3.27% |
| 1970 | 1.31% | 5.19% |
| 1969 | 1.32% | 4.6% |
| 1968 | 1.34% | 2.13% |
| 1967 | 1.27% | 2.1% |
| 1966 | 1.46% | 2.06% |
| 1965 | 1.91% | 2.01% |
| 1964 | 1.86% | 1.95% |
| 1963 | 1.6% | 1.85% |
| 1962 | 1.6% | 1.78% |
| 1961 | 1.54% | 1.77% |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (2026–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08); World Bank | Health (1961–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/togo | CC BY
In 2025, the population of South Sudan grew by 2.05%, while Togo's population grew by 2.2%.
Live population counters
|
South Sudan
|
Togo
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Current population |
12565048
|
8873660
|
| Population rank | 80/197 | 102/197 |
| Percent of world population | 0.15% | 0.11% |
| One net population change |
2.15 minutes
|
2.85 minutes
|
| One birth every |
1.51 minutes
|
1.95 minutes
|
| One death every |
4.48 minutes
|
7.37 minutes
|
| Daily growth/decline | +672 | +507 |
| Annual growth/decline | +245,380 | +185,068 |
| Annual growth/decline rate | +2.05% | +2.2% |
| Population growth rate rank | 48/197 | 39/197 |
| One migration net change every |
1.43 hours
|
35.1 minutes
|
| Annual migration change | +6,145 | -15,010 |
| Net migration rank | 50/196 | 144/196 |
| Foreign-born residents | 914,001 | 281,994 |
| Foreign-born residents rank | 62/195 | 99/195 |
| Foreign-born share of population | 7.7% | 3% |
| Foreign-born share rank | 77/195 | 117/195 |
Natural population change vs migration
| Year | Population change | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
South Sudan
|
Togo
|
|||
| Natural | Migration | Natural | Migration | |
| 2025 | - | 6,145 | - | -15,010 |
| 2024 | 231,714 | 15,374 | 198,184 | -14,014 |
| 2023 | 217,966 | 455,000 | 196,649 | -15,406 |
| 2022 | 211,166 | 40,259 | 195,051 | -65,826 |
| 2021 | 213,567 | -154,359 | 192,651 | -56,991 |
| 2020 | 212,332 | 62,935 | 192,474 | -31,892 |
| 2019 | 209,708 | 65,198 | 192,990 | -17,312 |
| 2018 | 168,497 | 157,408 | 191,482 | -43,718 |
| 2017 | 72,193 | -670,477 | 189,386 | -69,512 |
| 2016 | 110,553 | -654,225 | 187,007 | -59,885 |
| 2015 | 148,542 | -159,822 | 183,089 | -51,459 |
| 2014 | 227,611 | -471,523 | 179,671 | -43,591 |
| 2013 | 315,983 | 65,337 | 176,865 | -35,346 |
| 2012 | 312,974 | 125,771 | 176,051 | -27,315 |
| 2011 | 303,181 | 194,325 | 176,484 | -18,960 |
| 2010 | 287,409 | 299,402 | 175,800 | 16,265 |
| 2009 | 278,859 | 139,129 | 170,740 | 26,886 |
| 2008 | 268,268 | 165,557 | 164,627 | 27,362 |
| 2007 | 256,546 | 167,350 | 158,312 | 25,082 |
| 2006 | 246,706 | 153,926 | 150,821 | 23,346 |
| 2005 | 239,272 | 132,869 | 143,281 | -4,415 |
| 2004 | 231,877 | 110,182 | 136,802 | -11,998 |
| 2003 | 225,822 | 91,951 | 133,852 | -4,237 |
| 2002 | 212,014 | 82,847 | 130,283 | -5,939 |
| 2001 | 204,108 | 77,856 | 126,419 | -4,802 |
| 2000 | 196,055 | 74,227 | 122,712 | -3,485 |
| 1999 | 180,721 | 70,271 | 119,331 | -2,618 |
| 1998 | -12,157 | 64,285 | 116,918 | -5,394 |
| 1997 | 121,454 | 48,280 | 116,559 | -2,397 |
| 1996 | 116,728 | 17,953 | 111,887 | 69,276 |
| 1995 | 110,417 | 17,077 | 106,983 | 73,224 |
| 1994 | 165,407 | 16,407 | 100,045 | 132,276 |
| 1993 | 32,779 | 15,772 | 112,013 | -311,917 |
| 1992 | 28,874 | 15,077 | 110,828 | -132 |
| 1991 | 87,873 | 14,327 | 109,267 | -72 |
| 1990 | 82,900 | 12,988 | 107,985 | 59 |
| 1989 | 83,735 | -130,821 | 106,166 | 0 |
| 1988 | -125,447 | -97,065 | 104,605 | -29 |
| 1987 | 5,756 | -11,976 | 102,435 | 848 |
| 1986 | 99,502 | -10,973 | 99,698 | -436 |
| 1985 | 95,342 | -9,986 | 96,376 | 7,971 |
| 1984 | 90,970 | -8,984 | 95,195 | -21,949 |
| 1983 | 104,107 | -7,986 | 94,034 | -21,948 |
| 1982 | 118,641 | -6,983 | 92,715 | -21,958 |
| 1981 | 115,163 | -5,994 | 90,144 | 3,519 |
| 1980 | 112,307 | -4,997 | 87,404 | -4,993 |
| 1979 | 109,540 | -3,997 | 85,228 | -13,519 |
| 1978 | 107,352 | -2,998 | 83,151 | -19,163 |
| 1977 | 104,886 | -1,997 | 80,902 | -19,856 |
| 1976 | 102,346 | -995 | 78,770 | -18,832 |
| 1975 | 99,882 | -395 | 76,412 | -16,973 |
| 1974 | 97,181 | -192 | 74,055 | -14,483 |
| 1973 | 94,765 | 0 | 71,549 | -11,555 |
| 1972 | 74,803 | 193 | 68,966 | -7,661 |
| 1971 | 72,308 | 394 | 66,284 | 482 |
| 1970 | 44,776 | 587 | 63,057 | 10,865 |
| 1969 | 42,015 | 786 | 58,207 | 80,000 |
| 1968 | 44,213 | 995 | 56,082 | -14,504 |
| 1967 | 41,357 | 1,194 | 54,359 | -14,424 |
| 1966 | 38,523 | 1,386 | 52,832 | -14,216 |
| 1965 | 51,682 | 1,591 | 51,096 | -13,915 |
| 1964 | 64,786 | 1,785 | 49,450 | -14,266 |
| 1963 | 46,333 | 1,591 | 47,869 | -14,361 |
| 1962 | 47,406 | 1,386 | 46,201 | -15,486 |
| 1961 | 45,186 | 1,194 | 44,623 | -14,858 |
| 1960 | 42,945 | 995 | 43,307 | -13,868 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/togo | CC BY
Over the last 10 years, 68.1% of the population change in South Sudan is from natural causes (a gain of 1,796,238 people) and 31.9% is from migration (a loss of 842,709 people). In Togo 81.8% is from natural causes (a gain of 1,918,963 people) and 18.2% is from migration (a loss of 426,015 people).
As of 2024, 914,001 residents or 7.7% of the population were not native-born in South Sudan, compared to 281,994 people or 3% in Togo.
Biggest cities by population
|
South Sudan
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Juba | 500K |
| Wau | 321K |
| Bor | 315K |
| Malakal | 147K |
| Yambio | 130K |
|
Togo
|
|
|---|---|
| City | Population |
| Lome | 2.19M |
| Kara | 158K |
| Sokode | 115K |
| Atakpame | 98.2K |
| Kpalime | 87.5K |
| Sotouboua | 32.5K |
Compare countries by 7 more topics
Population differences between South Sudan and Togo
|
South Sudan
|
Togo
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Life expectancy | 58 years | 63.3 years |
| Average age | 24.5 years | 24.2 years |
| Median age | 19.7 years | 19.4 years |
| Male:Female ratio | 49.2:50.8 | 48.9:51.1 |
| Fertility rate | 3.79 births per woman | 4.12 births per woman |
| Population density | 51 ppl/mi² | 418 ppl/mi² |
Population map with other countries
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2026, retrieved 2026-07-08); U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08); Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08).
GeoRank.org/population/south-sudan/togo | CC BY
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1960–2100, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-07-08)
- Wikidata (2026, retrieved 2026-07-08)
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