Liechtenstein has a population of 40.4K (ranked 190/197), compared with 34K in San Marino (ranked 193/197). Liechtenstein's land area is 61.8 sq mi versus 23.2 sq mi for San Marino (ranked 192nd vs. 193rd).
By GDP, Liechtenstein ranks 156/197 ($8.24B) and San Marino ranks 180/197 ($2.03B). By GDP per capita, Liechtenstein ranks 2/197 ($206,781), while San Marino ranks 15/197 ($59,880).
Main facts and rankings
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Population |
41038
|
33967
|
| Population rank | 190/197 | 193/197 |
| GDP |
$8.24B
2023 |
$2.03B
2023 |
| GDP rank | 156/197 | 180/197 |
| GDP per capita |
$206,781
2023 |
$59,880
2023 |
| GDP per capita rank | 2/197 | 15/197 |
| GDP per capita, PPP |
$139,100
2009 |
$78,745
2023 |
| Government debt | n/a |
$1.39B
2023 |
| Debt-to-GDP ratio | n/a |
63.9%
2024 |
| Government debt per person | n/a |
$40,919
2023 |
| Government debt per person rank | n/a | 13/185 |
| Average annual personal income after taxes |
$97,806
2026 |
$45,474
2026 |
| Land area | 61.8 sq mi | 23.2 sq mi |
| Population density |
663 ppl/mi²
2026 |
1,466 ppl/mi²
2026 |
| Fertility rate |
1.45
2023 |
1.15
2023 |
| Median age |
45.4 years
2024 |
49 years
2024 |
| Life expectancy |
84.1 years
2026 |
86 years
2026 |
Liechtenstein and San Marino: Comparison Charts
Liechtenstein and San Marino economies compared
| Year | GDP | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
| 2023 | $8,239,379,403 | $2,027,527,228 |
| 2022 | $7,426,856,243 | $1,829,211,864 |
| 2021 | $7,912,602,342 | $1,855,652,786 |
| 2020 | $6,405,870,210 | $1,541,248,249 |
| 2019 | $6,436,467,007 | $1,616,340,692 |
| 2018 | $6,692,620,692 | $1,655,353,653 |
| 2017 | $6,474,308,718 | $1,528,620,346 |
| 2016 | $6,237,302,034 | $1,468,343,140 |
| 2015 | $6,268,515,276 | $1,419,401,071 |
| 2014 | $6,657,526,980 | $1,673,911,426 |
| 2013 | $6,391,708,311 | $1,678,741,475 |
| 2012 | $5,456,102,482 | $1,604,701,299 |
| 2011 | $5,739,706,005 | $1,813,717,439 |
| 2010 | $5,082,337,238 | $1,881,191,925 |
| 2009 | $4,504,375,348 | $2,064,277,126 |
| 2008 | $5,081,479,840 | $2,403,213,305 |
| 2007 | $4,601,429,897 | $2,188,654,628 |
| 2006 | $4,000,102,086 | $1,909,765,165 |
| 2005 | $3,659,319,117 | $1,786,514,058 |
| 2004 | $3,454,373,798 | $1,715,340,543 |
| 2003 | $3,070,803,051 | $1,462,590,267 |
| 2002 | $2,688,618,747 | $1,148,872,072 |
| 2001 | $2,491,800,559 | $1,059,529,812 |
| 2000 | $2,483,889,858 | $1,007,661,367 |
| 1999 | $2,664,105,901 | $1,109,473,368 |
| 1998 | $2,479,699,106 | $1,048,316,226 |
| 1997 | $2,298,389,803 | $976,606,911 |
| 1996 | $2,504,012,993 | - |
| 1995 | $2,428,525,061 | - |
| 1994 | $1,948,129,623 | - |
| 1993 | $1,673,085,245 | - |
| 1992 | $1,631,177,029 | - |
| 1991 | $1,484,160,302 | - |
| 1990 | $1,421,509,216 | - |
| 1989 | $1,119,983,801 | - |
| 1988 | $1,161,757,671 | - |
| 1987 | $1,052,848,996 | - |
| 1986 | $779,357,803 | - |
| 1985 | $529,073,612 | - |
| 1984 | $502,620,992 | - |
| 1983 | $524,023,625 | - |
| 1982 | $522,096,760 | - |
| 1981 | $511,647,750 | - |
| 1980 | $534,699,363 | - |
| 1979 | $503,173,104 | - |
| 1978 | $436,912,068 | - |
| 1977 | $303,493,119 | - |
| 1976 | $272,489,300 | - |
| 1975 | $246,389,102 | - |
| 1974 | $193,980,465 | - |
| 1973 | $165,928,882 | - |
| 1972 | $124,940,289 | - |
| 1971 | $104,889,795 | - |
| 1970 | $90,099,361 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1970–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/liechtenstein/san-marino | CC BY 
Liechtenstein and San Marino economies compared
| Year | GDP per capita | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
| 2023 | $206,781 | $59,880 |
| 2022 | $188,055 | $54,191 |
| 2021 | $201,945 | $54,176 |
| 2020 | $164,671 | $44,327 |
| 2019 | $166,908 | $46,630 |
| 2018 | $174,989 | $47,951 |
| 2017 | $170,547 | $45,192 |
| 2016 | $165,375 | $44,359 |
| 2015 | $167,187 | $43,147 |
| 2014 | $178,735 | $51,260 |
| 2013 | $172,824 | $50,808 |
| 2012 | $148,842 | $47,946 |
| 2011 | $158,066 | $55,601 |
| 2010 | $141,090 | $56,543 |
| 2009 | $126,025 | $62,429 |
| 2008 | $143,249 | $75,902 |
| 2007 | $130,493 | $70,124 |
| 2006 | $114,168 | $63,271 |
| 2005 | $105,295 | $59,878 |
| 2004 | $100,281 | $58,232 |
| 2003 | $90,108 | $52,530 |
| 2002 | $79,795 | $41,791 |
| 2001 | $75,068 | $39,035 |
| 2000 | $76,088 | $37,601 |
| 1999 | $82,682 | $41,932 |
| 1998 | $78,303 | $40,127 |
| 1997 | $73,591 | $37,853 |
| 1996 | $80,689 | - |
| 1995 | $78,910 | - |
| 1994 | $63,936 | - |
| 1993 | $55,605 | - |
| 1992 | $55,057 | - |
| 1991 | $50,812 | - |
| 1990 | $49,458 | - |
| 1989 | $39,552 | - |
| 1988 | $41,569 | - |
| 1987 | $38,206 | - |
| 1986 | $28,613 | - |
| 1985 | $19,684 | - |
| 1984 | $18,898 | - |
| 1983 | $19,815 | - |
| 1982 | $19,886 | - |
| 1981 | $19,929 | - |
| 1980 | $20,959 | - |
| 1979 | $19,674 | - |
| 1978 | $17,457 | - |
| 1977 | $12,417 | - |
| 1976 | $11,326 | - |
| 1975 | $10,333 | - |
| 1974 | $8,272 | - |
| 1973 | $7,282 | - |
| 1972 | $5,645 | - |
| 1971 | $4,856 | - |
| 1970 | $4,262 | - |
Data sources: World Bank | Economy & Growth (1970–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/liechtenstein/san-marino | CC BY
Liechtenstein vs. San Marino life expectancy calculator
| Year | Life expectancy, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
| 2026 | 84.1 | 86 |
| 2025 | 83.9 | 85.9 |
| 2024 | 83.7 | 85.8 |
| 2023 | 83.6 | 85.7 |
| 2022 | 83.4 | 85.7 |
| 2021 | 82.8 | 83.5 |
| 2020 | 82 | 82.6 |
| 2019 | 83.4 | 85.3 |
| 2018 | 83.3 | 85.1 |
| 2017 | 83.1 | 84.9 |
| 2016 | 82.9 | 84.8 |
| 2015 | 82.8 | 84.6 |
| 2014 | 82.5 | 84.4 |
| 2013 | 82.4 | 84.2 |
| 2012 | 82.3 | 83.9 |
| 2011 | 82.2 | 83.7 |
| 2010 | 82.1 | 83.5 |
| 2009 | 81.9 | 83.2 |
| 2008 | 81.9 | 82.9 |
| 2007 | 81.6 | 82.6 |
| 2006 | 81.4 | 82.3 |
| 2005 | 81.1 | 81.9 |
| 2004 | 80.7 | 81.6 |
| 2003 | 80.2 | 81.3 |
| 2002 | 79.8 | 81.1 |
| 2001 | 79.2 | 80.8 |
| 2000 | 78.6 | 80.5 |
| 1999 | 78.2 | 80.2 |
| 1998 | 77.8 | 79.9 |
| 1997 | 77.6 | 79.7 |
| 1996 | 77.7 | 79.3 |
| 1995 | 77.9 | 79 |
| 1994 | 78.2 | 78.7 |
| 1993 | 78.5 | 78.4 |
| 1992 | 78.7 | 78.1 |
| 1991 | 78.7 | 77.9 |
| 1990 | 78.5 | 77.8 |
| 1989 | 78.3 | 77.6 |
| 1988 | 78 | 77.5 |
| 1987 | 77.8 | 77.5 |
| 1986 | 77.2 | 77.4 |
| 1985 | 76.7 | 77.3 |
| 1984 | 76.2 | 77.2 |
| 1983 | 75.7 | 77 |
| 1982 | 75.1 | 76.8 |
| 1981 | 74.9 | 76.6 |
| 1980 | 74.8 | 76.4 |
| 1979 | 74.7 | 76.1 |
| 1978 | 74.7 | 75.9 |
| 1977 | 74.8 | 75.6 |
| 1976 | 74.6 | 75.4 |
| 1975 | 74.3 | 75.3 |
| 1974 | 74 | 75.1 |
| 1973 | 73.7 | 74.8 |
| 1972 | 73.4 | 74.6 |
| 1971 | 73 | 74.4 |
| 1970 | 72.8 | 74.3 |
| 1969 | 72.6 | 74.2 |
| 1968 | 72.3 | 74.1 |
| 1967 | 72 | 73.9 |
| 1966 | 71.6 | 73.8 |
| 1965 | 71.2 | 73.7 |
| 1964 | 71.1 | 73.7 |
| 1963 | 70.9 | 73.6 |
| 1962 | 70.9 | 73.5 |
| 1961 | 71 | 73.4 |
| 1960 | 70.9 | 73.2 |
| 1959 | 70.6 | 73 |
| 1958 | 70.1 | 72.8 |
| 1957 | 69.6 | 72.7 |
| 1956 | 68.9 | 72.5 |
| 1955 | 68.3 | 72.4 |
| 1954 | 67.5 | 72.2 |
| 1953 | 66.9 | 72 |
| 1952 | 66.2 | 71.9 |
| 1951 | 65.8 | 71.7 |
| 1950 | 65.3 | 71.6 |
Data sources: United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10).
GeoRank.org/facts/liechtenstein/san-marino | CC BY
Liechtenstein and San Marino population clocks and comparison
| Year | Population | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
| 2024 | 40,450 | 33,977 |
| 2023 | 39,846 | 33,860 |
| 2022 | 39,493 | 33,755 |
| 2021 | 39,182 | 34,252 |
| 2020 | 38,901 | 34,770 |
| 2019 | 38,563 | 34,663 |
| 2018 | 38,246 | 34,522 |
| 2017 | 37,962 | 33,825 |
| 2016 | 37,716 | 33,101 |
| 2015 | 37,494 | 32,897 |
| 2014 | 37,248 | 32,655 |
| 2013 | 36,984 | 33,041 |
| 2012 | 36,657 | 33,469 |
| 2011 | 36,312 | 32,620 |
| 2010 | 36,022 | 33,270 |
| 2009 | 35,742 | 33,066 |
| 2008 | 35,473 | 31,662 |
| 2007 | 35,262 | 31,211 |
| 2006 | 35,037 | 30,184 |
| 2005 | 34,753 | 29,836 |
| 2004 | 34,447 | 29,457 |
| 2003 | 34,079 | 27,843 |
| 2002 | 33,694 | 27,491 |
| 2001 | 33,194 | 27,143 |
| 2000 | 32,645 | 26,799 |
| 1999 | 32,221 | 26,459 |
| 1998 | 31,668 | 26,125 |
| 1997 | 31,232 | 25,800 |
| 1996 | 31,033 | 25,482 |
| 1995 | 30,776 | 25,158 |
| 1994 | 30,470 | 24,823 |
| 1993 | 30,089 | 24,472 |
| 1992 | 29,627 | 24,125 |
| 1991 | 29,209 | 23,797 |
| 1990 | 28,742 | 23,475 |
| 1989 | 28,317 | 23,154 |
| 1988 | 27,948 | 22,843 |
| 1987 | 27,557 | 22,686 |
| 1986 | 27,238 | 22,636 |
| 1985 | 26,878 | 22,485 |
| 1984 | 26,596 | 22,346 |
| 1983 | 26,446 | 22,229 |
| 1982 | 26,255 | 22,055 |
| 1981 | 25,673 | 21,840 |
| 1980 | 25,512 | 21,585 |
| 1979 | 25,575 | 21,320 |
| 1978 | 25,028 | 21,026 |
| 1977 | 24,442 | 20,017 |
| 1976 | 24,058 | 19,110 |
| 1975 | 23,846 | 19,046 |
| 1974 | 23,451 | 19,030 |
| 1973 | 22,785 | 18,992 |
| 1972 | 22,132 | 18,787 |
| 1971 | 21,600 | 18,419 |
| 1970 | 21,140 | 18,168 |
| 1969 | 21,084 | 18,026 |
| 1968 | 20,835 | 17,861 |
| 1967 | 20,175 | 17,688 |
| 1966 | 19,610 | 17,523 |
| 1965 | 19,195 | 17,305 |
| 1964 | 18,755 | 16,977 |
| 1963 | 18,093 | 16,580 |
| 1962 | 17,443 | 16,183 |
| 1961 | 16,877 | 15,799 |
| 1960 | 16,451 | 15,428 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/liechtenstein/san-marino | CC BY
Fertility rates in Liechtenstein and San Marino
| Year | Fertility rate | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
| 2023 | 1.45 | 1.15 |
| 2022 | 1.47 | 1.14 |
| 2021 | 1.53 | 1.13 |
| 2020 | 1.46 | 1.11 |
| 2019 | 1.48 | 1.1 |
| 2018 | 1.58 | 1.08 |
| 2017 | 1.44 | 1.05 |
| 2016 | 1.61 | 1.13 |
| 2015 | 1.4 | 1.2 |
| 2014 | 1.59 | 1.26 |
| 2013 | 1.45 | 1.48 |
| 2012 | 1.51 | 1.29 |
| 2011 | 1.69 | 1.46 |
| 2010 | 1.4 | 1.46 |
| 2009 | 1.71 | 1.36 |
| 2008 | 1.43 | 1.52 |
| 2007 | 1.42 | 1.26 |
| 2006 | 1.43 | 1.24 |
| 2005 | 1.49 | 1.2 |
| 2004 | 1.44 | 1.3 |
| 2003 | 1.36 | 1.3 |
| 2002 | 1.47 | 1.43 |
| 2001 | 1.52 | 1.52 |
| 2000 | 1.57 | 1.4 |
| 1999 | 1.63 | 1.29 |
| 1998 | 1.59 | 1.26 |
| 1997 | 1.57 | 1.24 |
| 1996 | 1.52 | 1.21 |
| 1995 | 1.44 | 1.17 |
| 1994 | 1.44 | 1.14 |
| 1993 | 1.45 | 1.12 |
| 1992 | 1.48 | 1.15 |
| 1991 | 1.5 | 1.17 |
| 1990 | 1.5 | 1.16 |
| 1989 | 1.5 | 1.15 |
| 1988 | 1.5 | 1.14 |
| 1987 | 1.5 | 1.14 |
| 1986 | 1.48 | 1.15 |
| 1985 | 1.5 | 1.17 |
| 1984 | 1.51 | 1.2 |
| 1983 | 1.53 | 1.25 |
| 1982 | 1.61 | 1.3 |
| 1981 | 1.69 | 1.41 |
| 1980 | 1.7 | 1.53 |
| 1979 | 1.67 | 1.63 |
| 1978 | 1.9 | 1.77 |
| 1977 | 1.92 | 1.87 |
| 1976 | 1.91 | 1.95 |
| 1975 | 1.9 | 2.05 |
| 1974 | 1.9 | 2.13 |
| 1973 | 1.94 | 2.23 |
| 1972 | 1.98 | 2.29 |
| 1971 | 2.03 | 2.33 |
| 1970 | 2.09 | 2.32 |
| 1969 | 2.13 | 2.31 |
| 1968 | 2.22 | 2.3 |
| 1967 | 2.48 | 2.31 |
| 1966 | 2.78 | 2.33 |
| 1965 | 2.96 | 2.33 |
| 1964 | 2.92 | 2.37 |
| 1963 | 2.85 | 2.4 |
| 1962 | 2.8 | 2.43 |
| 1961 | 2.78 | 2.68 |
| 1960 | 2.78 | 2.43 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2023, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/liechtenstein/san-marino | CC BY
Liechtenstein and San Marino demographics compared
| Year | Median age, years | |
|---|---|---|
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
| 2024 | 45.4 | 49 |
| 2023 | 45.2 | 48.3 |
| 2022 | 45 | 47.7 |
| 2021 | 44.8 | 47.2 |
| 2020 | 44.6 | 46.8 |
| 2019 | 44.4 | 46.3 |
| 2018 | 44.1 | 45.8 |
| 2017 | 43.8 | 45.3 |
| 2016 | 43.4 | 44.9 |
| 2015 | 43 | 44.5 |
| 2014 | 42.7 | 44 |
| 2013 | 42.2 | 43.7 |
| 2012 | 41.8 | 43.3 |
| 2011 | 41.4 | 42.8 |
| 2010 | 41.1 | 42.4 |
| 2009 | 40.6 | 42 |
| 2008 | 40.1 | 41.6 |
| 2007 | 39.6 | 41.2 |
| 2006 | 39.1 | 40.8 |
| 2005 | 38.6 | 40.4 |
| 2004 | 38.2 | 40.1 |
| 2003 | 37.7 | 39.7 |
| 2002 | 37.3 | 39.3 |
| 2001 | 36.9 | 39 |
| 2000 | 36.5 | 38.7 |
| 1999 | 36.1 | 38.4 |
| 1998 | 35.7 | 38.1 |
| 1997 | 35.3 | 37.9 |
| 1996 | 35 | 37.7 |
| 1995 | 34.6 | 37.4 |
| 1994 | 34.3 | 37.2 |
| 1993 | 33.9 | 36.8 |
| 1992 | 33.6 | 36.5 |
| 1991 | 33.3 | 36.1 |
| 1990 | 32.9 | 35.8 |
| 1989 | 32.6 | 35.5 |
| 1988 | 32.3 | 35.1 |
| 1987 | 32 | 34.8 |
| 1986 | 31.7 | 34.5 |
| 1985 | 31.5 | 34.2 |
| 1984 | 31.2 | 33.9 |
| 1983 | 31 | 33.6 |
| 1982 | 30.7 | 33.3 |
| 1981 | 30.5 | 33 |
| 1980 | 30.2 | 32.7 |
| 1979 | 29.8 | 32.5 |
| 1978 | 29.4 | 32.3 |
| 1977 | 29 | 32 |
| 1976 | 28.6 | 31.7 |
| 1975 | 28.3 | 31.5 |
| 1974 | 28.1 | 31.3 |
| 1973 | 27.8 | 31.2 |
| 1972 | 27.6 | 31 |
| 1971 | 27.3 | 30.8 |
| 1970 | 27.2 | 30.8 |
| 1969 | 27.1 | 30.9 |
| 1968 | 27 | 30.9 |
| 1967 | 27 | 30.9 |
| 1966 | 27 | 30.9 |
| 1965 | 27 | 30.9 |
| 1964 | 27.1 | 30.9 |
| 1963 | 27.3 | 30.8 |
| 1962 | 27.5 | 30.8 |
| 1961 | 27.8 | 30.9 |
| 1960 | 28 | 31 |
Data sources: World Bank | Health (1960–2024, retrieved 2026-04-06).
GeoRank.org/facts/liechtenstein/san-marino | CC BY
Interactive Maps
Use the buttons below to switch between world maps comparing statistics for Liechtenstein and San Marino.
National statistics comparison
Finance
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
|---|---|---|
| GNI, Atlas method |
$4.16B
2009 |
$1.82B
2023 |
| Government expenditure, % of GDP |
22.6%
2025 |
21%
2024 |
| Education expenditure, % of GDP |
2.56%
2011 |
2.9%
2022 |
| Deficit/surplus, % of GDP | n/a |
-0.53%
2024 |
| Unemployment rate |
2.01%
2007 |
4.91%
2022 |
| Services, % of GDP |
57.4%
2023 |
56.9%
2023 |
| Industry, % of GDP |
39.1%
2023 |
35.8%
2023 |
| Economic freedom index |
74
2025 |
76
2025 |
| Number of billionaires |
1
2025 |
n/a |
| Percentage of billionaires |
0.003%
2025 |
n/a |
| Total reserves including gold | n/a |
$759M
2024 |
| Personal remittances received | n/a |
$21M
2024 |
| International tourist arrivals |
58,400
2020 |
1,904,000
2019 |
Energy
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Renewable energy use share |
56.9%
2022 |
n/a |
| Electricity access |
100%
2023 |
100%
2023 |
Society
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world population |
0.0005%
2024 |
0.0004%
2024 |
| Annual migration change |
+194
2025 |
+122
2025 |
| Urban population |
14.7%
2024 |
97.2%
2024 |
| Male:Female ratio |
49.7:50.3
2024 |
49.2:50.8
2024 |
| Quality of life index |
96.8
2026 |
89.3
2026 |
| Corruption Perceptions Index |
82
2025 |
80
2025 |
| Higher education index |
44
2026 |
9
2026 |
| Homicides per 100K people |
5.12
2021 |
0
2011 |
| Road traffic mortality per 100K people |
0.5
2025 |
0
2016 |
| Visa free countries |
169
2025 |
159
2025 |
| Adult literacy rate |
100%
2013 |
99.9%
2022 |
| English speaking |
35%
2025 |
7%
2025 |
| People using the Internet |
97.3%
2023 |
87%
2023 |
Health
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
|---|---|---|
| Government health expenditure per capita |
$11,495
2023 |
$3,924
2023 |
| Out-of-pocket health expenditure per capita |
$2,266
2023 |
$514
2023 |
| Life expectancy |
84.1 years
2026 |
86 years
2026 |
| Physicians per 1,000 people | n/a |
4.63
2023 |
| Age at first childbirth |
31.3 years
2017 |
31.5 years
2022 |
| Maternal mortality per 100K births | n/a |
8
2023 |
| Mortality rate before reaching 5 years of age | n/a |
1.4
2023 |
| Diabetes prevalence |
7.2%
2024 |
8.6%
2024 |
| Air quality index |
86
2026 |
61
2026 |
Territory
|
Liechtenstein
|
San Marino
|
|
|---|---|---|
| % of world land |
0.0001%
2026 |
0.00004%
2026 |
| Land area per capita |
1,527 sq mi
2024 |
682 sq mi
2024 |
| Agricultural land area |
20 sq mi
2026 |
8.88 sq mi
2026 |
| Forest area |
25.9 sq mi
2026 |
3.86 sq mi
2026 |
| Roads length |
391 mi
2019 |
181.4 mi
2006 |
In-depth comparisons
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Data sources:
- World Bank | Health (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-04-06)
- United Nations | World Population Prospects (1950–2026, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- U.S. Census Bureau (1960–2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2000–2019, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- International Monetary Fund (IMF) | Fiscal Monitor (2023–2024, retrieved 2026-02-20)
- LivingCost (2026, retrieved 2025-10-14)
- United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE) (2017–2022, retrieved 2026-03-10)
- Passport Index (2025, retrieved 2026-02-08)
- EduRank (2026, retrieved 2025-10-13)
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